Positive emotions: light sides and dark sides
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Published
06/12/2024
Pello Huizi
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the light sides and the dark sides of positive emotions. To this aim, I first present the differences between positive and negative emotions, as well as the history of the research on positive emotions in the history of psychology. With regard to the light sides of positive emotions, I consider three fields widely studied by the researchers: the relationship between positive emotion and health (and longevity), the relationship between positive emotion and cognition, and the relationship between positive emotion and interpersonal relationships. In relation to the dark sides of positive emotions, I report the negative outcomes found by the researchers in some of the positive emotions, those that have been subject of extensive research. I finish summarizing the six key themes proposed by Gruber and Purcell (2015) in order to encompass the ways positive emotions may go awry.
How to Cite
Huizi, P. (2024). Positive emotions: light sides and dark sides. Gogoa, 24. https://doi.org/10.1387/gogoa.26088
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Keywords
positive emotion, valence, positive psychology, broaden-and-build theory
References
Ahrens, Anthony H. eta Courtney N. Forbes. 2014. “Gratitude”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 342-61.
Armentia, Christina N., Megan M. Fritz eta Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2017. “Functions of positive emotions: Gratitude as a motivator of self-improvement and positive change”. Emotion Review 9 (3): 183-90. (2018-05-28an atzitua). DOI: 10.1177/1754073916669596journals.sagepub.com/home/er
Barrett, Lisa F. 2006. “Valence is a basic building block of emotional life”. Journal of Research in Personality 40: 35-55.
Bradburn, Norman M. 2016. “Norman M. Bradburn: A pioneer in social indicators and quality of life research”. Applied Research Quality Life 11: 325-27.
Campos, Belinda eta Dacher Keltner. 2014. “Shared and differentiating features of the positive emotion domain”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 52-71.
Carver, Charles S., Michael F. Scheier eta Sheri L. Johnson. 2014. “Origins and functions of positive affect”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 34-51.
Condon, Paul, Christine Wilson-Mendenhall eta Lisa F. Barrett. 2014. “The psychological construction of positive emotion as a window into well-being”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 11-33.
Damasio, Antonio. 2018. El extraño orden de las cosas. Bartzelona: Planeta.
Danner, Deborah D., David A. Snowdon eta Wallace V. Friesen. 2001. “Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the Nun Study”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (5): 804-13.
Etxebarria, Itziar, Susana Conejero eta Aitziber Pascual. 2011. “Harrotasuna, aurrera egiten laguntzen digun adiskidea (bere berezitasunekin…)”. In K. Korta eta J.M. Larrazabal (arg.), Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua, 149-70.
Euskaltzaindia. 2012. Euskaltzaindiaren hiztegia. Bilbo: Elkarlanean S. L.
Fernández-Abascal, Enrique. 2015. Disfrutar de las emociones positivas. Madril: Grupo 5.
Ford, Brett Q. eta Iris B. Mauss. 2014. “The paradoxical effects of pursuing positive emotion”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 363-81.
Forgas, Joseph P. 2014. “On the downside of feeling good”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 302-22.
Forgas, Joseph P., Liz Goldenberg eta Christian Unkelbach. 2009. “Can bad weather improve your memory? An unobstrusive field study of natural mood effects on real-life memory”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 70: 28-40.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 1998. “What good are positive emotions?”. Review of General Psychology 2 (3): 300-19.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2001. “The role of positive emotions in positive psychology”. American Psychologist 56 (3): 218-26.
Fredrickson, Barbara. L. 2003. “The value of positive emotions”. American Scientist 91: 330-35.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2013. “Positive emotions Broaden and Build”. In P. Devine eta A. PlaLAnt (arg.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 47. Burlington: Academic Press, 1-53.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. eta Michael A. Cohn. 2008. “Positive emotions”. In M. Lewis, J. M. HavilaLAnd-Jones eta L. Feldman Barrett (arg.), Handbook of emotions. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 777-96.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. eta Robert W. Levenson. 1998. “Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions”. Cognition and Emotion 12 (2): 191-220.
Gruber, June, Hillary C. Devlin eta Judith T. Moskowitz. 2014. “Seeing it all”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 3-8.
Gruber, June eta Judith T. Moskowitz (arg.). 2014. Positive Emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gruber, June eta John PurcellLL. 2015. “Positive emotion disturbance”. In R. Scott eta S. Kosslin (arg.), Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences. Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 112. http://www.gruberpeplab.com/pdf/2015_Gruber.Purcell_ThemesPositiveEmotionDisurbance.pdf (2018/02/07an atzitua).
Huizi, Pello. 2011. “Epilogoa”. In K. Korta eta J. M. Larrazabal (arg.), Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua, 393-403.
Huizi, Pello. 2016. “Emozioen eragina erabakiak hartzean”. Gogoa 14: 153-78.
Isen, Alice M. 1970. “Success, failure, attention, and reaction to others: The warm glow of success”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 17: 107-12.
Isen, Alice M. 1987. “Positive affect, cognitive processes, and social behavior”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 20: 203-53.
Isen, Alice M. eta Paula F. Levin. 1972. “The effect of feeling good on helping: Cookies and kindness”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21: 384-88.
Isen, Alice M., Mitzi M. S. Johnson, Elizabeth Mertz eta Gregory F. Robinson. 1985. “The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 1413-26.
Isen, Alice M., Thomas E. Nygren eta F. Gregory Asby. 1988. “The influence of positive affect on the perceived utility of gains and losses”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55: 71-171.
Keltner, Dacher eta Jonathan Haidt. 1999. “Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis”. Cognition and Emotion 13: 505-21.
Keltner, Dacher eta Ana M. Kring. 1998. “Emotion, social function, and psychopatology”. Review of General Psychology 2: 320-42.
Kok, Bethany E., Kimberly A. Coffey, Michael A. Cohn, Lahnna I. CatalALino, Tanya VachaHArkulksemsuk, Sara B. AlgLGoe, Mary Brantley eta Barbara L. Fredrickson. 2013. “How positive emotions build physical health: Perceived positive social connections account for the upward spiral between positive emotions and vagal tone”. Psychological Science 24 (7): 1123-32. DOI: 10.1177/0956797612470827 pss.sagepub.com
Konstan, David. 2000. “La pitié comme émotion chez Aristote”. Revue des Études Grecques 113, uztaila-abendua: 616-30. DOI: 10.3406/reg.2000.4429
Korta, Kepa eta Jesus Mari Larrazabal (arg.). 2011. Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua.
Leighton, Stephen R. 1996. “Aristotle and the emotions”. In A. O. Rorty (arg.), Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Berkeley, Kalifornia: University of California Press, 206-37.
Marina, José Antonio. 2012. La inteligencia ejecutiva. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Maslow, Abraham. 1970. Motivation and personality. 3. ed. New York: Harper & Row.
Mora, Francisco. 2017. Neuroeducación. Madril: Alianza Editorial.
Morgado, Ignacio. 2010. Emociones e inteligencia social. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Moskowitz, Judith T., Margaret S. Clark, Anthony D. Ong eta June Gruber. 2014. “The role of positive affect on thinking and decision-making: A tribute to Alice Isen”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 72-77.
Moskowitz, Judith T. eta Laura R. Saslow. 2014. “Health and psychology”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 413-31.
Oatley, Keith eta Philip N. Johnson-Laird. 2013. “Cognitive approaches to emotions”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, XX: 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.004
Ong, Anthony D., George A. Bonanno eta Cindy S. Bergeman. 2014. “Positive emotions in the aftermath of loss”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 267-78.
Ostir, Glenn V., Kyriakos S. Markides, Sandra A. Black eta James S. Goodwin. 2000. “Emotional well-being predicts subsequent functional independence and survival”. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 48 (5): 473-78.
Pressman, Sarah D. eta Stephanie L. Bowlin. 2014. “Positive affect”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 183-205.
Pressman, Sarah D. eta Sheldon Cohen. 2012. “Positive emotion word use and longevity in famous deceased psychologists”. Health Psychology 31 (3): 297-305.
Reeves, Elizabeth J., Ellen Leibenluft eta June Gruber. 2014. “Positive emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder across the lifespan”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 434-50.
Ricard, Matthieu. 2014. La psychologie positive ne consiste a “positiver”. http://www.matthieuricard.org/blog/posts/la-psychologie-positive-ne-consiste-pas-a-positiver (2018-04-20an atzitua).
Samson, Andrea C. eta James J. Gross. 2014. “The dark and light sides of humor”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 169-82.
Sauter, Disa A., Nicole M. McDonalALd, Devon N. Gangi eta Daniel S. Messinger. 2014. “Nonverbal expressions of positive emotions”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY : Guilford Press, 179-98.
Seligman, Martin. 2002. Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press. [Gaztelaniazko itzulpena: 2003. La auténtica felicidad. Bartzelona: Vergara].
Shiota, Michelle N. 2014. “The evolutionary perspective in positive emotion research”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 44-59.
Simón, Vicente. 2017. El corazón del Mindfulness: la conciencia amable. Bartzelona: Sello Editorial.
Skinner, Burrhus F. 1962. Walden two. New York, NY: Macmillan Paperbacks.
Smith, Craig A., Eddie M. W. Tong eta Phoebe C. Ellsworth. 2014. “The differentiation of positive emotional experience as viewed through the lens of Appraisal Theory”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta Leslie D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 11-27.
Stellar, Jennifer E. eta Dacher Keltner. 2014. “Compassion”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 329-41.
Tracy, Jessica L., Aaron C. Weidman, Joey T. Cheng eta Jason P. Martens. 2014. “Pride”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 294-310.
Tugade, Michele M., Michelle N. Shiota eta Leslie D. Kirby (arg.). 2014. The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Turowsky, Tabitha K., Vincent Y. Man eta William A. CunninghaGHAm. 2014. “Positive emotion and the brain”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 95-115.
Vecina Jiménez, M. Luisa. 2006. “Emociones positivas”. Papeles del Psicólogo 27 (1): 9-17.
Williams, Lisa A. eta David DeSteno. 2014. “How positive social emotions motivate actions for the future self”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 206-24.
Yee, Claire I., Gian C. Gonzaga eta Shelly L. Gable. 2014. “Positive emotions in close relationships”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 215-28.
Armentia, Christina N., Megan M. Fritz eta Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2017. “Functions of positive emotions: Gratitude as a motivator of self-improvement and positive change”. Emotion Review 9 (3): 183-90. (2018-05-28an atzitua). DOI: 10.1177/1754073916669596journals.sagepub.com/home/er
Barrett, Lisa F. 2006. “Valence is a basic building block of emotional life”. Journal of Research in Personality 40: 35-55.
Bradburn, Norman M. 2016. “Norman M. Bradburn: A pioneer in social indicators and quality of life research”. Applied Research Quality Life 11: 325-27.
Campos, Belinda eta Dacher Keltner. 2014. “Shared and differentiating features of the positive emotion domain”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 52-71.
Carver, Charles S., Michael F. Scheier eta Sheri L. Johnson. 2014. “Origins and functions of positive affect”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 34-51.
Condon, Paul, Christine Wilson-Mendenhall eta Lisa F. Barrett. 2014. “The psychological construction of positive emotion as a window into well-being”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 11-33.
Damasio, Antonio. 2018. El extraño orden de las cosas. Bartzelona: Planeta.
Danner, Deborah D., David A. Snowdon eta Wallace V. Friesen. 2001. “Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the Nun Study”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (5): 804-13.
Etxebarria, Itziar, Susana Conejero eta Aitziber Pascual. 2011. “Harrotasuna, aurrera egiten laguntzen digun adiskidea (bere berezitasunekin…)”. In K. Korta eta J.M. Larrazabal (arg.), Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua, 149-70.
Euskaltzaindia. 2012. Euskaltzaindiaren hiztegia. Bilbo: Elkarlanean S. L.
Fernández-Abascal, Enrique. 2015. Disfrutar de las emociones positivas. Madril: Grupo 5.
Ford, Brett Q. eta Iris B. Mauss. 2014. “The paradoxical effects of pursuing positive emotion”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 363-81.
Forgas, Joseph P. 2014. “On the downside of feeling good”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 302-22.
Forgas, Joseph P., Liz Goldenberg eta Christian Unkelbach. 2009. “Can bad weather improve your memory? An unobstrusive field study of natural mood effects on real-life memory”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 70: 28-40.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 1998. “What good are positive emotions?”. Review of General Psychology 2 (3): 300-19.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2001. “The role of positive emotions in positive psychology”. American Psychologist 56 (3): 218-26.
Fredrickson, Barbara. L. 2003. “The value of positive emotions”. American Scientist 91: 330-35.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2013. “Positive emotions Broaden and Build”. In P. Devine eta A. PlaLAnt (arg.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 47. Burlington: Academic Press, 1-53.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. eta Michael A. Cohn. 2008. “Positive emotions”. In M. Lewis, J. M. HavilaLAnd-Jones eta L. Feldman Barrett (arg.), Handbook of emotions. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 777-96.
Fredrickson, Barbara L. eta Robert W. Levenson. 1998. “Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions”. Cognition and Emotion 12 (2): 191-220.
Gruber, June, Hillary C. Devlin eta Judith T. Moskowitz. 2014. “Seeing it all”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 3-8.
Gruber, June eta Judith T. Moskowitz (arg.). 2014. Positive Emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gruber, June eta John PurcellLL. 2015. “Positive emotion disturbance”. In R. Scott eta S. Kosslin (arg.), Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences. Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 112. http://www.gruberpeplab.com/pdf/2015_Gruber.Purcell_ThemesPositiveEmotionDisurbance.pdf (2018/02/07an atzitua).
Huizi, Pello. 2011. “Epilogoa”. In K. Korta eta J. M. Larrazabal (arg.), Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua, 393-403.
Huizi, Pello. 2016. “Emozioen eragina erabakiak hartzean”. Gogoa 14: 153-78.
Isen, Alice M. 1970. “Success, failure, attention, and reaction to others: The warm glow of success”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 17: 107-12.
Isen, Alice M. 1987. “Positive affect, cognitive processes, and social behavior”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 20: 203-53.
Isen, Alice M. eta Paula F. Levin. 1972. “The effect of feeling good on helping: Cookies and kindness”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21: 384-88.
Isen, Alice M., Mitzi M. S. Johnson, Elizabeth Mertz eta Gregory F. Robinson. 1985. “The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 1413-26.
Isen, Alice M., Thomas E. Nygren eta F. Gregory Asby. 1988. “The influence of positive affect on the perceived utility of gains and losses”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55: 71-171.
Keltner, Dacher eta Jonathan Haidt. 1999. “Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis”. Cognition and Emotion 13: 505-21.
Keltner, Dacher eta Ana M. Kring. 1998. “Emotion, social function, and psychopatology”. Review of General Psychology 2: 320-42.
Kok, Bethany E., Kimberly A. Coffey, Michael A. Cohn, Lahnna I. CatalALino, Tanya VachaHArkulksemsuk, Sara B. AlgLGoe, Mary Brantley eta Barbara L. Fredrickson. 2013. “How positive emotions build physical health: Perceived positive social connections account for the upward spiral between positive emotions and vagal tone”. Psychological Science 24 (7): 1123-32. DOI: 10.1177/0956797612470827 pss.sagepub.com
Konstan, David. 2000. “La pitié comme émotion chez Aristote”. Revue des Études Grecques 113, uztaila-abendua: 616-30. DOI: 10.3406/reg.2000.4429
Korta, Kepa eta Jesus Mari Larrazabal (arg.). 2011. Gogoz, hitzez eta egitez: Pello Huiziri eskainitako lanak. Bilbo: EHUko Argitalpen Zerbitzua.
Leighton, Stephen R. 1996. “Aristotle and the emotions”. In A. O. Rorty (arg.), Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Berkeley, Kalifornia: University of California Press, 206-37.
Marina, José Antonio. 2012. La inteligencia ejecutiva. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Maslow, Abraham. 1970. Motivation and personality. 3. ed. New York: Harper & Row.
Mora, Francisco. 2017. Neuroeducación. Madril: Alianza Editorial.
Morgado, Ignacio. 2010. Emociones e inteligencia social. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Moskowitz, Judith T., Margaret S. Clark, Anthony D. Ong eta June Gruber. 2014. “The role of positive affect on thinking and decision-making: A tribute to Alice Isen”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 72-77.
Moskowitz, Judith T. eta Laura R. Saslow. 2014. “Health and psychology”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 413-31.
Oatley, Keith eta Philip N. Johnson-Laird. 2013. “Cognitive approaches to emotions”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, XX: 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.004
Ong, Anthony D., George A. Bonanno eta Cindy S. Bergeman. 2014. “Positive emotions in the aftermath of loss”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 267-78.
Ostir, Glenn V., Kyriakos S. Markides, Sandra A. Black eta James S. Goodwin. 2000. “Emotional well-being predicts subsequent functional independence and survival”. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 48 (5): 473-78.
Pressman, Sarah D. eta Stephanie L. Bowlin. 2014. “Positive affect”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 183-205.
Pressman, Sarah D. eta Sheldon Cohen. 2012. “Positive emotion word use and longevity in famous deceased psychologists”. Health Psychology 31 (3): 297-305.
Reeves, Elizabeth J., Ellen Leibenluft eta June Gruber. 2014. “Positive emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder across the lifespan”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 434-50.
Ricard, Matthieu. 2014. La psychologie positive ne consiste a “positiver”. http://www.matthieuricard.org/blog/posts/la-psychologie-positive-ne-consiste-pas-a-positiver (2018-04-20an atzitua).
Samson, Andrea C. eta James J. Gross. 2014. “The dark and light sides of humor”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 169-82.
Sauter, Disa A., Nicole M. McDonalALd, Devon N. Gangi eta Daniel S. Messinger. 2014. “Nonverbal expressions of positive emotions”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY : Guilford Press, 179-98.
Seligman, Martin. 2002. Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press. [Gaztelaniazko itzulpena: 2003. La auténtica felicidad. Bartzelona: Vergara].
Shiota, Michelle N. 2014. “The evolutionary perspective in positive emotion research”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 44-59.
Simón, Vicente. 2017. El corazón del Mindfulness: la conciencia amable. Bartzelona: Sello Editorial.
Skinner, Burrhus F. 1962. Walden two. New York, NY: Macmillan Paperbacks.
Smith, Craig A., Eddie M. W. Tong eta Phoebe C. Ellsworth. 2014. “The differentiation of positive emotional experience as viewed through the lens of Appraisal Theory”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta Leslie D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 11-27.
Stellar, Jennifer E. eta Dacher Keltner. 2014. “Compassion”. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 329-41.
Tracy, Jessica L., Aaron C. Weidman, Joey T. Cheng eta Jason P. Martens. 2014. “Pride”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 294-310.
Tugade, Michele M., Michelle N. Shiota eta Leslie D. Kirby (arg.). 2014. The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Turowsky, Tabitha K., Vincent Y. Man eta William A. CunninghaGHAm. 2014. “Positive emotion and the brain”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 95-115.
Vecina Jiménez, M. Luisa. 2006. “Emociones positivas”. Papeles del Psicólogo 27 (1): 9-17.
Williams, Lisa A. eta David DeSteno. 2014. “How positive social emotions motivate actions for the future self”. In J. Gruber eta J. T. Moskowitz (arg.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 206-24.
Yee, Claire I., Gian C. Gonzaga eta Shelly L. Gable. 2014. “Positive emotions in close relationships”. In M. M. TugaGAde, M. N. Shiota eta L. D. Kirby (arg.), The handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 215-28.
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