La paz y seguridad en la teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales
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Publicado
10-12-2024
iker zirion landaluze
Itziar Mujika Chao
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0748-674X
Itziar Mujika Chao
Resumen
Paz y seguridad son conceptos clave de la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales (RI). Lo han sido históricamente y –no hay más que observar lo que sucede en el mundo hoy en día– siguen teniendo máxima importancia y actualidad en la agenda internacional. Sin embargo, el modo en que han sido definidos ha sido muy dispar, especialmente a partir de la década de los ochenta del pasado siglo, cuando una multiplicidad de corrientes teóricas críticas fue apareciendo en la disciplina. En este texto presentamos el marco teórico de las RI, más concretamente, sus debates históricos hasta llegar al actual debate entre racionalismo y pospositivismo. Asimismo, resumimos la evolución histórica del análisis de la paz y la seguridad en la disciplina. Posteriormente, analizamos las interpretaciones de la paz y la seguridad en las diferentes corrientes teóricas. Por un lado, en las corrientes racionalistas (Liberalismo, Realismo y Marxismo); y, por otro, en las pospositivistas, esto es, Constructivismo, Teoría Crítica, Posestructuralismo, Poscolonialismo, Feminismos y Teoría Verde. Finalmente, examinamos la idea de la seguridad humana.
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Keywords
paz, seguridad, seguridad humana, relaciones internacionales, liberalismo, marxismo, feminismos, colonialismo
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