Hizkuntzaren nahasteak eskizofrenian: ehun urteko ikerlanak

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Argitaratua 2024-06-12
Patricia Insua Pello Huizi Jorge Grijalvo

Laburpena

Pentsamendu eta hizkuntza eskizofrenikoaren izaerari buruzko ikerketa teoria kliniko psikogeno eta deskribatzaileetatik abiatu eta neurtzeko sistema fidagarri eta operazionaletan garatu da. Lehenik eta behin, artikulu honek berrikusten ditu, batetik, hasierako hurbiltzeak, baieztatzen zutenak eskizofrenia zuten pertsonen pentsamendua “paralogikoa” zela eta haien diskurtsoa haur-antzekoa eta, sarritan, ulertezina zela; eta, bestetik, “hitzezko portaerari” buruzko ikerketak, konduktismoaren nagusitasunean garatuak eta, ondoren, paradigma kognitiboak gogor kritikatuak. Ondoren, artikuluak sakon aztertzen du xx. mendearen bigarren erdian egindako ikerketa psikolinguistikoa, batez ere komunikazioari buruzkoa. Ikerketa horrek defizitak erakutsi zituen diskurtsoaren maila desberdinetan, baina bereziki prozesatze-maila “altuetan”. Azkenik, azterketa berrienak berrikusten ditugu. Horien arabera, eskizofrenia duten pertsonen hizketak gutxienez hiru kausa-faktorerekin du zerikusia: a) arreta jartzeko ezintasunarekin, b) funtzio betearazlearen hutsegitearekin, eta c) transmititzen diren oroitzapenetara ausaz sartzea, nahiz eta testuinguruarekin bat ez etorri. Ondorioztatzen dugu bi gauza egin behar direla etorkizunean: berariazko atazak diseinatzea patologia honetako prozesatzearen lehen etapak ikertzeko (prozesu “linguistiko” hutsek eskizofrenia duten
pertsonen hizkuntzan eta pentsamenduan duten zeregina azaltzeko), eta hizketa naturalaren ekoizpenaren ereduak hobetzea, hizkuntza sortzeko lehen etapetan egindako prozesuak hobeto azaltzeko.

Nola aipatu

Insua, P., Huizi, P., & Grijalvo, J. (2024). Hizkuntzaren nahasteak eskizofrenian: ehun urteko ikerlanak. Gogoa, 24. https://doi.org/10.1387/gogoa.26054
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Keywords

eskizofrenia, hizkuntza, pentsamendua, komunikazioa

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