The Oxford handbook of evidentiality (A. Aikhenvald)
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Published
12/17/2024
Larraitz Zubeldia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5833
Abstract
Hizkuntza guztiek dituzte hiztunak bera ematen ari den informazioaren iturria zein den adierazteko hizkuntza-baliabideak. Denek dituzte era bateko edo besteko bide lexikalak (aditzondoak, izenak, partikulak eta abar) informazioa nondik datorren adierazteko. Munduko hizkuntzen laurdenak, ordea, bide horiez gain, markatzaile gramatikalak ere baditu informazio-iturria markatzeko (Aikhenvald 2004b); hau da, aditzarekin batera nahiz aditzaren gunean agertzen diren elementuak. Ebidentzial esaten zaie gisa horretako baliabideei, eta ebidentzialitatea kategoriari. Hala ere, ez dago erabateko adostasunik ebidentzialitatea definitzean edo zedarritzean. Nolanahi ere, definizio orokor bat emate aldera, ebidentzialitatea esaten zaio hizkuntzan informazio-iturria markatzeko bitartekoak biltzen dituen kategoriari. Kategoria finkatzetik beretik hasten dira desadostasunak, ordea. Mota bateko ikuspegiaren arabera, bide lexikalak eta gramatikalak, denak sartzen dira ebidentzialitatean; beste mota bateko ikuspegiaren arabera, berriz, markatzaile gramatikalak bakarrik. Batez ere liburu honen editore Aikhenvalden —eta beste egile batzuen—
ustez, informazio-iturria gramatikalki adierazteari bakarrik esan behar litzaioke ebidentzialitatea. Bera da ikuspegi horren defendatzaile sutsua; Squartinik (2018), lan honetako bere artikuluan, adierazten duen bezala, bera da ikuspegi horren ordezkaria. Beste batzuen arabera (ikus, besteak beste, Narrog 2005, Cornillie 2007, McCready eta Ogata 2007, Squartini 2007 eta Boye 2010), aldiz, ikuspegi murritzegia da hori, terminoaren definiziotik kanpora uzten baititu hala hainbat hizkuntza, nola hizkuntza horietan hiztunaren informazio-iturria adierazteko erabiltzen diren hainbat bitarteko. Badirudi, dena dela, azken urteetan nolabaiteko adostasuna lortu dela, eta bi multzo nagusitan banatzen dira informazio-iturria adierazteari lotutako hizkuntza-baliabideak: elementu ebidentzialak (gramatikalak) eta estrategia ebidentzialak (bide lexikalak).
How to Cite
Zubeldia, L. (2024). The Oxford handbook of evidentiality (A. Aikhenvald). Gogoa, 25. https://doi.org/10.1387/gogoa.26779
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Keywords
information source, grammatical marking, lexical expression, evidential, epistemic modality
References
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2003a. “Evidentiality in typological perspective”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald eta R. M. W. Dixon (arg.), Studies in evidentiality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1-31.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2003b. “Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes: The Tariana of Northwest Amazonia”. Language in Society 32: 1-21.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004a. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004b. “Evidentiality. Problems and challenges”. In P. van Sterkenburg (arg.), Linguistics today – facing a greater challenge. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1-29.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2007. “Information source and evidentiality: what can we conclude?”. Italian Journal of Linguistics 19 (1): 209-27.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2014. “The grammar of knowledge: a cross-linguistic view of evidentials, and the expression of information source”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald eta R. M. W. Dixon (arg.), The grammar of knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-51.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2015. “Evidentials: their links with other grammatical categories”. Linguistic Typology 19: 239-77.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2021. The web of knowledge. Evidentiality at the cross-roads. Series ‘Brill Research perspectives in linguistics’. Leiden: Brill.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. eta Robert M. W. Dixon (arg.). 2003. Studies in evidentiality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
AnderBois, Scott. 2014. “On the exceptional status of reportative evidentials”. In T. Snider, S. D’Antonio eta M. Weigand (arg.), Proceedings of SALT 24, 234-54.
Beaver, David I. 2001. “Presuppositions and how to spot them”. In D. Beaver, Presupposition and assertion in dynamic semantics. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 7-30.
Boas, Franz. 1911. Handbook of American Indian languages. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Boye, Kasper. 2010. “Evidence for what? Evidentiality and scope”. STUF, Akademie Verlag 63-4: 290-307.
Boye, Kasper. 2018. “The notion and the term”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald, The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 261-72.
Boye, Kasper eta Peter Harder. 2009. “Evidentiality: linguistic categories and grammati-calization”. Functions of Language 16 (1): 9-43.
Bybee, Joan eta Suzanne Fleischman (arg.). 1995. Modality in grammar and discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Chung, Kyung-Sook. 2005. “Space in tense: The interaction of tense, aspect, evidentiality, and speech act in Korean”. Doktoretza-tesia, Simon Fraser Unibertsitatea, Vancouver.
Cornillie, Bert. 2007. “The continuum between lexical and grammatical evidentiality: a functional analysis of Spanish parecer”. In M. Squartini (arg.), 109-28.
Cornillie, Bert. 2009. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality: On the close relationship between two different categories”. Functions of Language 16 (1): 44-62.
Cornillie, Bert, Juana Marín-Arrese eta Björn Wiemer. 2015. “Evidentiality and the se¬mantics-pragmatics interface (An introduction)”. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 29 (ale berezia, B. Cornillie eta J. I. Marín-Arrese (arg.), Evidentiality and the semantics-pragmatics interface): 1-17.
De Haan, Ferdinand. 1999. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality: Setting boundaries”. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 18: 83-101. (Erabilitako bertsioa: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~fdehaan/papers/SWJL99.pdf)
De Haan, Ferdinand. 2005. “Encoding speaker perspective: evidentials”. In Z. Frajzyngier, A. Hodges eta D. Rood (arg.), Linguistic diversity and language theories. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 379-97.
Donabédian, Anaïd. 2001. “Towards a semasiological account of evidentials: an enuncia¬tive approach of -er in Modern Western Armenian”. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 421-42.
Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal gramatika: Lehen urratsak II. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Faller, Martina. 2002. “Semantics and pragmatics of evidentials in Cuzco Quechua”. Doktoretza-tesia, Stanford Unibertsitatea.
Faller, Martina. 2003. “Propositional- and illocutionary-level evidentiality in Cuzco Quechua”. In Proceedings of SULA 2. Amherst, MA: GLSA, 19-33.
Faller, Martina. 2006a. “Evidentiality below and above speech acts”. (Zirriborroa; http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/martina.t.faller/documents/Evidentiality.Above.Below.pdf; argitaragabea.)
Faller, Martina. 2006b. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality at the semantics/pragmatics interface”. Lan argitaragabea.
Fitneva, Stanka A. 2001. “Epistemic marking and reliability judgements: Evidence from Bulgarian”. In P. Dendale eta L. Tasmowski (arg.), Evidentiality. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 401-20.
Frawley, William. 1992. Linguistic semantics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Givón, Talmy. 1982. “Evidentiality and epistemic space”. Studies in Language 6: 23-49.
Green, Mitchell S. 2000. “Illocutionary force and semantic content”. Linguistics and Philosophy 23: 435-73.
Grice, H. Paul. 1989 [1975]. “Logic and conversation”. Studies in the way of words, 22-40. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [Jatorrian hemen argitaratua: Syntax and semantics, 3. bol.: 1975, P. Cole eta J. L. Morgan (arg.), Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, 41-58.]
Ifantidou-Trouki, Elly. 1993. “Sentential adverbs and relevance”. Lingua 90: 69-90.
Ifantidou, Elly. 2001. Evidentials and relevance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Izvorski, Roumyana. 1997. “The present perfect as an epistemic modal”. In A. Lawson (arg.), Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory VII. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 222-39.
Jacobsen, William. 1986. “The heterogeneity of evidentials in Makah”. In W. Chafe eta J. Nichols (arg.), Evidentiality. The linguistic coding of epistemology. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation (Advances in Discourse Processes XX), 3-28.
Kalsang, J. Garfield, Margaret Speas eta Jill de Villiers. 2013. “Direct evidentials, case, tense and aspect in Tibetan: evidence for a general theory of the semantics of evidentials”. Natural Language and Linguistics Theory 31: 517-61.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2014. “The contribution of evidentials to utterance content: Evidence from the Basque reportative particle omen”. Language 90-2, 2014ko ekaina: 389-423. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2014.0024.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2016. “Bide partikula: eduki doxastikoa eta ebidentziala”. Gogoa 15: 11-29.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2022. “Meaning and use of the Basque particle bide”. In X. Artiagoitia, A. Elordieta eta S. Monforte (arg.), Discourse Particles. Syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and historical aspects. Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 276. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 209-27.
Kratzer, Angelika. 1981. “The notional category of modality”. In H. J. Eikmeyer eta H. Rieser (arg.), Words, worlds, and contexts. Berlin: de Gruyter, 38-74.
Kratzer, Angelika. 1991. “Modality”. In A. von Stechow eta D. Wunderlich (arg.), Seman¬tics: an international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: de Gruyter, 639-50.
Krawczyk, Elizabeth. 2012. “Inferred propositions and the expression of the evidence relation in natural language: evidentiality in Central Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimo and English”. Doktoretza-tesia, Georgetown Unibertsitatea.
Lee, Jungmee. 2008. “The Korean evidential -te: a modal analysis”. In O. Bonami eta P. Cabredo Hofherr (arg.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics 7, 1-25. http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss7/index_en.html.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2011. “On apparently non-modal evidentials”. In O. Bonami eta P. Cabredo Hofherr (arg.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics 8, Colloque de Syntaxe et Sémantique de Paris, 333-57. http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss8/.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2012. “Evidence about evidentials: where fieldwork meets theory”. In B. Stolterfoht eta S. Featherston (arg.), Empirical approaches to linguistic theory (studies in meaning and structure). Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 85-114.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2015. “Evidential restrictions on epistemic modals”. In L. Alonso-Ovalle eta P. Menendez-Benito (arg.), Epistemic indefinites. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 141-60.
Matthewson, Lisa, Henry Davis eta Hotze Rullmann. 2007. “Evidentials as epistemic modals: Evidence from St’át’imcets”. Linguistic Variation Yearbook 7: 201-54.
McCready, Eric. 2010. “Evidential universals”. In T. Peterson eta U. Saurland (arg.), Evidence from evidentials. UBC Working Papers in Linguistics, 28. bol., 105-27.
McCready, Eric eta Norry Ogata. 2007. “Evidentiality, modality and probability”. Linguistics and Philosophy 30: 147-206.
Murray, Sarah E. 2010. “Evidentiality and the structure of speech acts”. Doktoretza-tesia, Rutgers.
Narrog, Heiko. 2005. “Review of Aikhenvald, 2004, Evidentiality”. SKY journal of linguistics 18: 379-88.
O’Connor, Cailin, Sanford Goldberg eta Alvin Goldman. 2024. “Social epistemology”. E. N. Zalta eta U. Nodelman (arg.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2024ko udako edizioa). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2024/entries/epistemology-social/.
Paz, Alejandro. 2009. “The circulation of chisme and rumor: gossip, evidentiality, and authority in the perspective of Latino labor migrants in Israel”. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 19: 117-43.
Peterson, Tyler. 2009. “Pragmatic blocking in Gitksan evidential expressions”. In A. Schardl, M. Walkow eta M. Abdurrahman (arg.), Proceedings of the 38th Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society. Amherst, Mass: GLSA Publications, 219-32.
Peterson, Tyler. 2010. Epistemic modality and evidentiality in Gitksan at the se¬mantics-pragmatics interface. Doktoretza-tesia, British Columbia Unibertsitatea.
Plungian, Vladimir. 2010. “Types of verbal evidentiality marking: an overview”. In G. Diewald eta E. Smirnova (arg.), Linguistic realization of evidentiality in European lan¬guages. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 15-58.
Potts, Christopher. 2007. “Conventional implicatures, a distinguished class of meaning”. In G. Ramchand eta C. Reiss (arg.), The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 475-501.
Schenner, Mathias. 2008. “Double face evidentials in German: Reportative sollen and wollen in embedded contexts”. In A. Grønn (arg.), Proceedings of SuB12. Oslo: University of Oslo, 552-66.
Rullmann, Hotze, Lisa Matthewson eta Henry Davis. 2008. “Modals as distributive indefi¬nites”. Natural Language Semantics 16: 317-57.
Soames, Scott. 1989. “Presupposition”. In D. Gabbay eta F. Guenthner (arg.), Handbook of philosophical logic. IV. bol. Topics in the philosophy of language. Dordrecht: Reidel, 552-616.
Squartini, Mario (arg.). 2007. Evidentiality between lexicon and grammar. Italian Journal of Linguistics/Rivista di linguisticako ale berezia, 19-1.
Valenzuela, Pilar M. 2003. “Evidentiality in Shipibo-Konibo, with a comparative overview of the category in Panoan”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald eta R. M. W. Dixon (arg.), Studies in evidentiality. Amsterdam eta Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 33-61.
Waldie, Ryan, Tyler Peterson eta Hotze Rullmann. 2009. “Evidentials as epistemic
modals or speech act operators: testing the tests” (Structure and constituency in languages of the Americas mintegiko aurkezpenaren eskuorria, 2009ko apirila, Purdue Unibertsitatea).
Wiemer, Björn. 2005. “Conceptual affinities and diachronic relationships between epistemic, inferential and quotative functions (preliminary observations on lexical markers in Russian, Polish and Lithuanian)”. In B. Hansen eta P. Karlík (arg.), Modality in Slavonic languages. New perspectives. Munich: Sagner, 107-31.
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Zubeldia, Larraitz. 2010. “Omen” partikularen azterketa semantikoa eta pragmatikoa. Doktoretza-tesia, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004a. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004b. “Evidentiality. Problems and challenges”. In P. van Sterkenburg (arg.), Linguistics today – facing a greater challenge. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1-29.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2007. “Information source and evidentiality: what can we conclude?”. Italian Journal of Linguistics 19 (1): 209-27.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2014. “The grammar of knowledge: a cross-linguistic view of evidentials, and the expression of information source”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald eta R. M. W. Dixon (arg.), The grammar of knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-51.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2015. “Evidentials: their links with other grammatical categories”. Linguistic Typology 19: 239-77.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2021. The web of knowledge. Evidentiality at the cross-roads. Series ‘Brill Research perspectives in linguistics’. Leiden: Brill.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. eta Robert M. W. Dixon (arg.). 2003. Studies in evidentiality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
AnderBois, Scott. 2014. “On the exceptional status of reportative evidentials”. In T. Snider, S. D’Antonio eta M. Weigand (arg.), Proceedings of SALT 24, 234-54.
Beaver, David I. 2001. “Presuppositions and how to spot them”. In D. Beaver, Presupposition and assertion in dynamic semantics. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 7-30.
Boas, Franz. 1911. Handbook of American Indian languages. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Boye, Kasper. 2010. “Evidence for what? Evidentiality and scope”. STUF, Akademie Verlag 63-4: 290-307.
Boye, Kasper. 2018. “The notion and the term”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald, The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 261-72.
Boye, Kasper eta Peter Harder. 2009. “Evidentiality: linguistic categories and grammati-calization”. Functions of Language 16 (1): 9-43.
Bybee, Joan eta Suzanne Fleischman (arg.). 1995. Modality in grammar and discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Chung, Kyung-Sook. 2005. “Space in tense: The interaction of tense, aspect, evidentiality, and speech act in Korean”. Doktoretza-tesia, Simon Fraser Unibertsitatea, Vancouver.
Cornillie, Bert. 2007. “The continuum between lexical and grammatical evidentiality: a functional analysis of Spanish parecer”. In M. Squartini (arg.), 109-28.
Cornillie, Bert. 2009. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality: On the close relationship between two different categories”. Functions of Language 16 (1): 44-62.
Cornillie, Bert, Juana Marín-Arrese eta Björn Wiemer. 2015. “Evidentiality and the se¬mantics-pragmatics interface (An introduction)”. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 29 (ale berezia, B. Cornillie eta J. I. Marín-Arrese (arg.), Evidentiality and the semantics-pragmatics interface): 1-17.
De Haan, Ferdinand. 1999. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality: Setting boundaries”. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 18: 83-101. (Erabilitako bertsioa: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~fdehaan/papers/SWJL99.pdf)
De Haan, Ferdinand. 2005. “Encoding speaker perspective: evidentials”. In Z. Frajzyngier, A. Hodges eta D. Rood (arg.), Linguistic diversity and language theories. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 379-97.
Donabédian, Anaïd. 2001. “Towards a semasiological account of evidentials: an enuncia¬tive approach of -er in Modern Western Armenian”. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 421-42.
Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal gramatika: Lehen urratsak II. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Faller, Martina. 2002. “Semantics and pragmatics of evidentials in Cuzco Quechua”. Doktoretza-tesia, Stanford Unibertsitatea.
Faller, Martina. 2003. “Propositional- and illocutionary-level evidentiality in Cuzco Quechua”. In Proceedings of SULA 2. Amherst, MA: GLSA, 19-33.
Faller, Martina. 2006a. “Evidentiality below and above speech acts”. (Zirriborroa; http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/martina.t.faller/documents/Evidentiality.Above.Below.pdf; argitaragabea.)
Faller, Martina. 2006b. “Evidentiality and epistemic modality at the semantics/pragmatics interface”. Lan argitaragabea.
Fitneva, Stanka A. 2001. “Epistemic marking and reliability judgements: Evidence from Bulgarian”. In P. Dendale eta L. Tasmowski (arg.), Evidentiality. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 401-20.
Frawley, William. 1992. Linguistic semantics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Givón, Talmy. 1982. “Evidentiality and epistemic space”. Studies in Language 6: 23-49.
Green, Mitchell S. 2000. “Illocutionary force and semantic content”. Linguistics and Philosophy 23: 435-73.
Grice, H. Paul. 1989 [1975]. “Logic and conversation”. Studies in the way of words, 22-40. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [Jatorrian hemen argitaratua: Syntax and semantics, 3. bol.: 1975, P. Cole eta J. L. Morgan (arg.), Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, 41-58.]
Ifantidou-Trouki, Elly. 1993. “Sentential adverbs and relevance”. Lingua 90: 69-90.
Ifantidou, Elly. 2001. Evidentials and relevance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Izvorski, Roumyana. 1997. “The present perfect as an epistemic modal”. In A. Lawson (arg.), Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory VII. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 222-39.
Jacobsen, William. 1986. “The heterogeneity of evidentials in Makah”. In W. Chafe eta J. Nichols (arg.), Evidentiality. The linguistic coding of epistemology. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation (Advances in Discourse Processes XX), 3-28.
Kalsang, J. Garfield, Margaret Speas eta Jill de Villiers. 2013. “Direct evidentials, case, tense and aspect in Tibetan: evidence for a general theory of the semantics of evidentials”. Natural Language and Linguistics Theory 31: 517-61.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2014. “The contribution of evidentials to utterance content: Evidence from the Basque reportative particle omen”. Language 90-2, 2014ko ekaina: 389-423. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2014.0024.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2016. “Bide partikula: eduki doxastikoa eta ebidentziala”. Gogoa 15: 11-29.
Korta, Kepa eta Larraitz Zubeldia. 2022. “Meaning and use of the Basque particle bide”. In X. Artiagoitia, A. Elordieta eta S. Monforte (arg.), Discourse Particles. Syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and historical aspects. Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 276. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 209-27.
Kratzer, Angelika. 1981. “The notional category of modality”. In H. J. Eikmeyer eta H. Rieser (arg.), Words, worlds, and contexts. Berlin: de Gruyter, 38-74.
Kratzer, Angelika. 1991. “Modality”. In A. von Stechow eta D. Wunderlich (arg.), Seman¬tics: an international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: de Gruyter, 639-50.
Krawczyk, Elizabeth. 2012. “Inferred propositions and the expression of the evidence relation in natural language: evidentiality in Central Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimo and English”. Doktoretza-tesia, Georgetown Unibertsitatea.
Lee, Jungmee. 2008. “The Korean evidential -te: a modal analysis”. In O. Bonami eta P. Cabredo Hofherr (arg.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics 7, 1-25. http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss7/index_en.html.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2011. “On apparently non-modal evidentials”. In O. Bonami eta P. Cabredo Hofherr (arg.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics 8, Colloque de Syntaxe et Sémantique de Paris, 333-57. http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss8/.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2012. “Evidence about evidentials: where fieldwork meets theory”. In B. Stolterfoht eta S. Featherston (arg.), Empirical approaches to linguistic theory (studies in meaning and structure). Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 85-114.
Matthewson, Lisa. 2015. “Evidential restrictions on epistemic modals”. In L. Alonso-Ovalle eta P. Menendez-Benito (arg.), Epistemic indefinites. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 141-60.
Matthewson, Lisa, Henry Davis eta Hotze Rullmann. 2007. “Evidentials as epistemic modals: Evidence from St’át’imcets”. Linguistic Variation Yearbook 7: 201-54.
McCready, Eric. 2010. “Evidential universals”. In T. Peterson eta U. Saurland (arg.), Evidence from evidentials. UBC Working Papers in Linguistics, 28. bol., 105-27.
McCready, Eric eta Norry Ogata. 2007. “Evidentiality, modality and probability”. Linguistics and Philosophy 30: 147-206.
Murray, Sarah E. 2010. “Evidentiality and the structure of speech acts”. Doktoretza-tesia, Rutgers.
Narrog, Heiko. 2005. “Review of Aikhenvald, 2004, Evidentiality”. SKY journal of linguistics 18: 379-88.
O’Connor, Cailin, Sanford Goldberg eta Alvin Goldman. 2024. “Social epistemology”. E. N. Zalta eta U. Nodelman (arg.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2024ko udako edizioa). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2024/entries/epistemology-social/.
Paz, Alejandro. 2009. “The circulation of chisme and rumor: gossip, evidentiality, and authority in the perspective of Latino labor migrants in Israel”. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 19: 117-43.
Peterson, Tyler. 2009. “Pragmatic blocking in Gitksan evidential expressions”. In A. Schardl, M. Walkow eta M. Abdurrahman (arg.), Proceedings of the 38th Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society. Amherst, Mass: GLSA Publications, 219-32.
Peterson, Tyler. 2010. Epistemic modality and evidentiality in Gitksan at the se¬mantics-pragmatics interface. Doktoretza-tesia, British Columbia Unibertsitatea.
Plungian, Vladimir. 2010. “Types of verbal evidentiality marking: an overview”. In G. Diewald eta E. Smirnova (arg.), Linguistic realization of evidentiality in European lan¬guages. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 15-58.
Potts, Christopher. 2007. “Conventional implicatures, a distinguished class of meaning”. In G. Ramchand eta C. Reiss (arg.), The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 475-501.
Schenner, Mathias. 2008. “Double face evidentials in German: Reportative sollen and wollen in embedded contexts”. In A. Grønn (arg.), Proceedings of SuB12. Oslo: University of Oslo, 552-66.
Rullmann, Hotze, Lisa Matthewson eta Henry Davis. 2008. “Modals as distributive indefi¬nites”. Natural Language Semantics 16: 317-57.
Soames, Scott. 1989. “Presupposition”. In D. Gabbay eta F. Guenthner (arg.), Handbook of philosophical logic. IV. bol. Topics in the philosophy of language. Dordrecht: Reidel, 552-616.
Squartini, Mario (arg.). 2007. Evidentiality between lexicon and grammar. Italian Journal of Linguistics/Rivista di linguisticako ale berezia, 19-1.
Valenzuela, Pilar M. 2003. “Evidentiality in Shipibo-Konibo, with a comparative overview of the category in Panoan”. In A. Y. Aikhenvald eta R. M. W. Dixon (arg.), Studies in evidentiality. Amsterdam eta Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 33-61.
Waldie, Ryan, Tyler Peterson eta Hotze Rullmann. 2009. “Evidentials as epistemic
modals or speech act operators: testing the tests” (Structure and constituency in languages of the Americas mintegiko aurkezpenaren eskuorria, 2009ko apirila, Purdue Unibertsitatea).
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Zubeldia, Larraitz. 2010. “Omen” partikularen azterketa semantikoa eta pragmatikoa. Doktoretza-tesia, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.
Corpusa
Agirrebengoa, Eñaut. 2022. “Sare sozialek agerian utzi dute agintarien zinismoa”. Berria, 2022, apirilak 24, 23. or.
Mitxelena, Koldo. 1974. “(1)” [Sei idazle plazara (Begiarmen) liburuari buruzko iritzia]. Jakin 14: 8-9.
Sinadurarik gabe. 2004. “Kultura”. Berria, 2004, irailak 1.
Issue
Section
Liburuen kritikak