Sound System Culture: Lugar, espacio e identidad en el Reino Unido, 1960-1989
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Publicado
18-06-2018
Paul Ward
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-9833
Resumen
A través del estudio de la experiencia de la ciudad industrial de Huddersfield, Yorkshire Oeste, donde la población antillana contribuyó a la cultura del sound system y el reggae en mayor proporción que su tamaño, se puede observar cómo la cultura sound system se desarrolló de modo diferente en diversos contextos urbanos en la Gran Bretaña de finales del siglo XX. El artículo utiliza más de treinta entrevistas de historia oral a personas que dirigían sound systems o fueron su público. Estas fueron recopiladas por el proyecto Sound System Culture iniciado por el Let's Go Yorkshire, entidad que se interesa sobre aspectos del patrimonio cultural oculto o no documentado por la historia convencional. Su proyecto proporciona una oportunidad para explorar cuestiones relativas a la identidad relacionada con el sound system, reggae y el entorno urbano británico centrado en un lugar y configuración del espacio específico. El artículo examina la importancia del club West Indian situado en el centro de la ciudad, posibilitando que la población afro-caribeña contribuyera visible y sonoramente al sentido de Huddersfield de su propia identidad
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Keywords
Reggae, sound systems, inmigración, historia afroamericana británica
References
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RAMDIN, Ron, Making of the Black Working Class in Britain, Ashgate, Farnham, 1987.
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STRATTON, Jon, When Music Migrates: Crossing British and European Racial Faultlines, 1945–2010, Ashgate, Farnham, 2014.
TAYLOR, David, «The Middlesbrough Race Riot of 1961: A Comment», Social History, vol. 18, n.º 1, 1993, p. 73-79.
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WARD, Paul, with HELLAWELL, Graham, and LLOYD, Sally, «Witness Seminar: Anti-Fascism in 1970s Huddersfield», Contemporary British History, Vol. 20, n.º 1, 2006, p. 119–133.
WATERS, Chris, «"Dark Strangers" in our midst: Discourses of race and nation in Britain, 1947-1963», Journal of British Studies, vol. 36, n.º 2, 1997, p. 207-238.
WATLEY, George, «The cultural currency of Afro-Caribbeans in Northamptonshire c. 1960-1990», Midland History, vol. 36, n.º 2, 2011, p. 245-261.
ALI, Nafhesa, Asian Voices: First generation Migrants, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, 2010.
BACK, Les, «Coughing up fire: Sound systems in south-East London», new formations, n.º 5, 1988, p. 141-152.
BAKARI, Imruh, «Calypso and reggae», SAMUEL, Raphael (ed), Patriotism: National Fictions: The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity: National Fictions Volume 3, Routledge, London, 1989, p. 99-122
BASA (Black and Asian Studies Association) http://www.blackandasianstudies.org/
BASS CULTURE, http://www.basscultureresearch.com/
BRADLEY, Lloyd, Bass Culture: When Reggae Was King, Penguin, London, 2001.
BRESSEY, Caroline, «Geographies of Belonging: white women and black history», Women's History Review, vol. 2, n.º 4, p. 541-558.
BUNCE, Robin, «Darcus Howe and Britain's Black Power movement» http://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/darcus-howe-and-britains-black-power-movement, n.d.
CASHMORE, Ellis, Rastaman: The Rastafarian Movement in England, first published 1979, Routledge, London 2013.
CHAMBERS, Eddie, «What happened to black British solidarity?» http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/35537/1/what-happened-to-black-british-solidarity, 2017.
COOPER, Carolyn, Sound Clash: Jamaican Dancehall Culture at Large, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2004.
CONNOR, Geraldine and FARRAR, Max, «Carnival in Leeds and London, UK: Making New Black British Subjectivities», RIGGIO, Milla Cozart, Culture in Action, Routledge, London, 2003, p. 255-269.
DE MELLO, Martin (ed.), Moss Side Stories, Crocus, Manchester, 2012.
GARDNER, Noel, «Why Bristol is Culture Clash's spiritual home» https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/bristol-sound-systems-a-history, 2016.
GILDART, Keith, Images of England through Popular Music: Class, Youth and Rock 'n' Roll, 1955-1976, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2013.
GILROY, Paul, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation, Routledge, London, 1992.
GOPAL, Priyamvada, «Redressing anti-imperial amnesia», Race and Class, vol. 57 n.º 3, 2016, p. 18-30
GOULD, William and QURESHI, Irna, «South Asian histories in Britain: Nation, locality and marginality», MCLOUGHLIN, S., GOULD, W., KABIR, A.J., TOMALIN E., Writing the City in British Asian Diasporas, Routledge, London, 2014, p. 137-157.
HALL, Stuart; CRITCHER, Charles; JEFFERSON, Tony, Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order, Palgrave, Basingstoke, 2013.
HALL, Stuart, Familiar Stranger: A Life between Two Islands. London, Allen Lane, 2017.
HEBDIGE, Richard, «Reggae, rastas and rudies», HALL, Stuart and JEFFERSON, Tony, Resistance through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-war Britain, second edition, Routledge, London, 2006, p. 113-128.
HENRIQUES, Julian, «Sonic Dominance and the Reggae Sound System Session» BULL, M.; BACK, Les, The Auditory Culture Reader, Berg, Oxford, 2003, p. 451–480.
HENRIQUES, Julian, Sonic Bodies: Reggae Sound Systems, Performing Techniques and Ways of Knowing, Continuum, London, 2011.
HENRY, William [Lez], What the Deejay Said: A Critique from the Street, Nu-Beyond, London, 2006.
HIRO, Dilip, Black British, White British, second edition, Paladin, London, 1992.
HIRSCH, Shirin, In the Shadow of Powell: Race, Locality and Resistance, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2018.
HUDDERSFIELD EXAMINER, «How the founders of Huddersfield's Caribbean community thrived», http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/how-founders-huddersfields-caribbean-community-4985444, 2010.
HYDER, Rehan, «Black music and cultural exchange in Bristol», STRATTON, Jon; ZUBERI, Nabeel, Black Popular Music in Britain since 1945, Ashgate, Farnham, 2014, p. 85-99.
JACKSON, Brian «Riot », in his Working-Class Community: Some General Notions raised by a Series of Studies in Northern England, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1968.
KATZ, David, Solid Foundation: An Oral History of Reggae, Bloomsbury, London, 2003.
MEAD, Matthew, «Empire Windrush: The cultural memory of an imaginary arrival», Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 45, n.º 2, 2009, p. 137-149.
MIZEN, Spencer, «The great British civil rights scandal: The Bristol bus boycott», http://www.historyextra.com/article/premium/great-british-civil-rights-scandal-bristol-bus-boycott, 2013.
MOSS SIDE STORIES, https://www.mdmarchive.co.uk/exhibition/id/76/MOSS_SIDE_STORIES.html, 2012.
PANAYI, Panikos, Racial Violence in Britain in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1996.
PILKINGTON, Edward, Beyond the Mother Country: West Indians and the Notting Hill White Riots, I.B. Tauris, London, 1988.
RAMDIN, Ron, Making of the Black Working Class in Britain, Ashgate, Farnham, 1987.
REGGAE RESEARCH NETWORK, https://reggaenetwork.wordpress.com/
RILEY, Mykaell, «Bass culture: An alternative soundtrack to Britishness», STRATTON, Jon; ZUBERI, Nabeel, Black Popular Music in Britain since 1945, Ashgate, Farnham, 2014, p. 101-114.
ROMAIN, Gemma, Connecting Histories: A Comparative Exploration of African-Caribbean and Jewish History and Memory in Modern Britain, Kegan Paul, London, 2006.
RUSH, Anne, «Reshaping British history: The historiography of West Indians in Britain in the Twentieth century», History Compass, vol. 5, n.º 2, 2007, p. 463-484.
ROSE, E.J.B., Colour and Citizenship: A Report on British Race Relations, Oxford University press, Oxford, 1969.
SAMRA, Mandeep; FINGERS, Al, Sound System Culture: Celebrating Huddersfield's Sound Systems, One Love, London, 2014.
SEARLE, Kevin, «Mixing of the unmixables': The 1949 Causeway Green 'riots' in Birmingham», Race and Class, vol. 54, n.º 3, 2013, p. 44-64.
SIVANANDAN, A., «From Resistance to Rebellion Asian and Afro-Caribbean Struggles in Britain», Race and Class, vol. 23, n.º 2-3, 1981, p. 111-152.
Sound System Culture: Huddersfield trailer, https://vimeo.com/87017029.
STRATTON, Jon, When Music Migrates: Crossing British and European Racial Faultlines, 1945–2010, Ashgate, Farnham, 2014.
TAYLOR, David, «The Middlesbrough Race Riot of 1961: A Comment», Social History, vol. 18, n.º 1, 1993, p. 73-79.
WADE, Donald, Yorkshire Survey: A Report on Community Relations in Yorkshire, Yorkshire Committee for Community Relations, Leeds, 1972.
WARD, Paul, with HELLAWELL, Graham, and LLOYD, Sally, «Witness Seminar: Anti-Fascism in 1970s Huddersfield», Contemporary British History, Vol. 20, n.º 1, 2006, p. 119–133.
WATERS, Chris, «"Dark Strangers" in our midst: Discourses of race and nation in Britain, 1947-1963», Journal of British Studies, vol. 36, n.º 2, 1997, p. 207-238.
WATLEY, George, «The cultural currency of Afro-Caribbeans in Northamptonshire c. 1960-1990», Midland History, vol. 36, n.º 2, 2011, p. 245-261.
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