Tipical Peasantry, real farmer: rural world and family farmer in the Basque Country on the eve of the industrialization
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Abstract
It has been usual in the Basque historiography to deal with the reality farmer of the country as it was an immovable and homogenous reality. The real farmer was hidden after the mask of an abstract, ahistoric, simple and uniform concept: those of Basque peasantry. The article tries to rescue these protagonists to give back them to the plural and dynamic land of history, and it does locating the analysis in the eve of the first industrialization. This work is structured in four parts. First, of more static style, already raises a diverse departure, marked by geography, resources or different forms of settlement. Second and third, behind a dynamic direction, this plural frame is set to a double period testing of different meaning: the «rural regression» of 1820-1857 decades, and the first industrial take off (1857 to 1877). In the fourth part, as a consequence, it leads to reframe the validity and sense of certain followed analytical criteria until now. Conclusions, gather the necessity to understand this rural world in terms of complexity, richness and historical dynamism.
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