La cuestión vasca en el hispanismo internacional

Abstract

Departing from a lax concept of Hispanism, this article analyzes the numerous contributions that Italian, French, German, British, North American, and other authors from various countries have made to the study of the Basque question, understood broadly, from the last Carlist War in the nineteenth century to the present day. Our object of study is academic historiography, setting aside partisan historical literature; but we also include treatises from the social sciences that broach the Basque case, particularly from anthropology, sociology, and political science. Studies by those foreign authors have focused mainly on the history of Basque nationalism, predominantly on the present time and on the violent and radical nationalism of ETA, which not all have been capable of analyzing with sufficient objectivity. The other period that has provoked the most interest among them has been the Civil War, especially the destruction of Gernika and its international repercussions. However, there are few surveys of modern Basque history written by foreign Hispanists or social scientists.