The notion of citizen in France from the Enlightment to the Revolution: definitions, rules and uses
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Abstract
The history of elections during the French revolution shows how a new con ception of the rights of the citizen couples with elements of humanist and juri dical traditions, in order to invent democratic practices: the liberty and autonomy of the subjects and the right to vote constantly apply to taxpayers citizens. Dictionaries and uses of the notion of citizen ascertain the conceptual change with shades of meaning: several figures of the citizen emerge while the practical accomplishment of citizenship, in its democratic and republican dimension, calls into play different social theories already at work in the Encyclopédie. That is what I want to show in analysing the way the «figure of the taxpayer citizen» emerges in the last volume of the «dictionnaire raisonné», in the wake of the theory of Rousseau's Contrat social.
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