Survival strategies of poor women in Guipuzcoa. The cases of San Sebastián and Tolosa (1885-1915)
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Abstract
In 1855, the first Spanish Public Welfare Act, ordered municipalities with more of 5.000 inhabitants to provide to the poor families, medicines and doctor's assistance free. All the people who wants to access was included in a Poor's Register. The presence of women in the Poor's Register is proportionally very high. There survival strategies were formed directly in connection with the labour markets. Comparating poor women of two localities whose labour markets were very different, we can to prove how, in San Sebastian, town of services and with a little offer of work in other fields, women resorts to different uses of home that was very expensive and scant.
In the other locality analyzed, Tolosa, an industrialized village, poor women and their families when they do not earn enough money to survive at the factories where they works or they were unemployed, they lived on alms or they enter in the poor's institution. The two issues appears very natural for the working families and no like a social break.
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women, poverty, gender, survival, poor registers
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