Emozioen eragina erabakiak hartzean
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Argitaratua
2024-06-12
Pello Huizi
Laburpena
Lan honen helburua da gaur egun emozioek erabakiak hartzean duten zeregina aztertzea. Etengabe hartzen ditugu erabakiak. Batzuk garrantzitsuak dira, edo oso garrantzitsuak, beste batzuk ez hainbeste. Emaitzak garrantzi handikoak direnean, erabaki ona hartzeko nahia ulergarria da, noski. Baina galdera da zer egin behar lukeen jendeak horretarako. Gehienei erakutsi ziguten erabaki bat hartu baino lehen arretaz aztertu behar ditugula aukerak, eta aukera bakoitzaren alde onak eta txarrak neurtu. Gure erabakiek aukeren azterketa arrazionalean oinarritu behar dute, izaki logikoak garelako. Hori da Platonen eta Descartesen filosofien atzean aurki dezakegun ideia; ekonomia modernoa ere ideia berean oinarritzen da, baita zientzia kognitiboaren ikerketa ere hamarkada askotan. Izaki arrazionaltzat hartu gaituzte, arrazionaltasunak egin gintuen gizaki. Baina egia da? Zer esan gizakien alde emozionalara buruz? Ez al gara arrazionalak bezain emozionalak? Platonez (eta haren gurdiaren metaforaz) gero, mendebaldeko pentsalari gehienak bat zetozen, emozioek, kasurik okerrenean, oztopatu egiten dutela arrazoia, eta, kasurik onenean, kalterik egiten ez duen luxua direla. Emozioen ikuspegi negatiboa da. Duela 35 urte, ordea, emozioen ikuspegi positiboaren garaia hasi zen. Iritzi positiboaren arabera, arrazoiz jokatu eta erabaki onak hartu nahi baditugu, emozioak erabakigarriak dira.
Azaldu nahi dudana hauxe da: gure pentsamendu arrazionala, edo, nahiago bada gure arrazoi hutsa, ez dela nahikoa hartzen ditugun erabakiak, gehienak behintzat, nola hartzen ditugun azaltzeko. Taylorrek literatura eta musika jartzen dituen lekuan hemen emozioa jar daiteke. Edo, beharbada, egokiago litzateke esatea literaturak eta musikak, hor, gure arrazoibidean oro har eta gure erabaki-hartzean zehazkiago, emozioak duen eragina iradokitzen dutela. Aitor dezadan, bestalde, atseginez irakurri nituela Taylorren hitzak eta, beharbada, hori izan dela hona ekartzeko arrazoi nagusia. Bestalde, sentimenduek jarri dute martxan Xabier Arrazola zenari omenaldi hau eskaintzeko proiektua.Nola aipatu
Huizi, P. (2024). Emozioen eragina erabakiak hartzean. Gogoa, 24. https://doi.org/10.1387/gogoa.26087
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Keywords
emozioa, neurozientzia, markatzaile somatikoa, arrazionaltasun mugatua, erabaki-hartzea
References
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Baumeister, Roy F., C. Nathan eta Liqing Zhang. 2007. “Do emotions improve or hinder the decision making process”. In K. D. Vohs, R. F. Baumeister eta G. Loewenstein. (arg.). Do emotions help or hurt decision making? A hedgefoxian perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 11-31.
Bechara, Antoine. 2004. “The role of emotion in decision-making: Evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage”. Brain and Cognition 55: 30-40.
Bechara, Antoine. 2012. The neurology of decision-making: How neuroscience can enrich research on decision making. https://www.google.es/#q=antoine+bechara+pdf (2015-10-09an atzitua).
Bechara, Antoine, Hanna Damasio eta Antonio R. Damasio. 2000. “Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex”. Cerebral Cortex 10: 295-307.
Bechara, Antoine, Hanna Damasio, Daniel Tranel eta Antonio R. Damasio. 1997. “Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy”. Science 275: 1293-94.
Bechara, Antoine, Daniel Tranel eta Hanna Damasio. 2000. “Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions”. Brain 123: 2189-202.
Ben-Ze’ev, Aaron. 2010. “The thing called emotion”. In P. Goldie (arg.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of emotion. New York: Oxford University Press, 41-62.
Damasio, Antonio. 1994. Descartes’ error. New York: Ptnam. [Euskarazko itzulpena: 2012. Descartesen hutsegitea. Bilbo: ehupress. Itzultzailea: Isabel Etxeberria].
Damasio, Antonio. 2010. Y el cerebro creó al hombre. Bartzelona: Destino.
Evans, Dylan. 2002. Emoción: La ciencia del sentimiento. Madril: Santillana.
Evans, Dylan. 2004. “The search hypothesis of emotion”. In D. Evans eta P. Cruse (arg.), Emotion, evolution, and rationality. New York: Oxford University Press, 179-91.
Evans, Dylan eta Pierre Cruse. 2004. “Introduction”. In D. Evans eta P. Cruse (arg.), Emotion, evolution, and rationality. New York: Oxford University Press, xi-xviii.
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. 2007. Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgement. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press.
Fernández-Abascal, Enrique G. eta Pilar Jiménez Sánchez. 2010. “Psicología de la emoción”. In E. G. Fernández-Abascal, B. García Rodríguez, M. P. Jiménez Sánchez, M. D. Martín Díaz eta F. J. Domínguez Sánchez (arg.), Psicología de la emoción. Madril: Ramón Areces, 17-74.
Frijda, Nico H. 2008. “The psychologist’s point of view”. In M. Lewis, J. M. HavilaLAnd-Jones eta L. F. Barrett (arg.), Handbook of emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 68-87.
Fuster, Joaquín M. 2014. Cerebro y libertad: Los cimientos cerebrales de nuestra capacidad para elegir. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2010. “Moral satisficing: Rethinking moral behavior as bounded rationality”. Topics in Cognitive Science 2: 528-54.
Gilhooly, Kenneth J. 1990. “Decision making and judgement”. In M. W. Eysenck (arg.), The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 89-93.
Gilovich, Thomas D. eta Dale W. Griffin. 2010. “Judgment and decision making”. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert eta G. Lindzey (arg.), The handbook of social psychology (5. ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 542-88.
Gneezy, Uri eta John A. List. 2014. Lo que importa es el porqué: Los motivos económicos ocultos de nuestras acciones. Bartzelona: Urano.
Goldie, Peter. 2010. “Introduction”. In P. Goldie (arg.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of emotion. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1-14.
Goleman, Daniel. 1995. Emotional intelligence. Broadway, N.Y.: Bantam Books.
Johnson, E. J. eta A. Tversky. 1983. “Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 20-31.
Kahneman, Daniel. 2013. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Bartzelona: Debolsillo.
Keltner, Dacher eta Jennifer S. Lerner. 2010. “Emotion”. In S. T Fiske, D. T. Gilbert eta G. Lindzey (arg.), Handbook of social psychology. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 317-52.
Lerner, Jennifer S., Ye Li, Piercarlo ValALdesolo eta Karim S. Kassam. 2015. “Emotion and decision making”. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 799-823.
Loewenstein, George eta Jennifer S. Lerner. 2003. “The role of affect in decision making”. In R. Davidson, H. Goldsmith eta K. Scherer (arg.), Handbook of affective science. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 619-42.
Marcus, George E. 2002. The sentimental citizen: Emotion in democratic politics. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Marina, José Antonio. 2011. Los secretos de la motivación. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Medvec, V. H., S. F. Madley eta T. Gilovich. 1995. “When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (4): 603-10.
Oatley, Keith. 1994. “Emotion”. In M. W. Eysenck (arg.), The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 129-34.
Oliveira, Arnaldo. 2007. “A discussion of rational and psychological decision making theories and models: The search for a cultural-ethical decision making model”. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies 12-2: 12-17.
Oppenheimer, Daniel M. eta Evan Kelso. 2015. “Information processing as a paradigm for decision making”. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 277-94.
Petropoulou, Hélène. 2006. Profile émotionnel et cognitive au début de la sclérose en plaques : effets différentiels des émotions sur les performances cognitives. Psychology. Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis.
Phelps, Elizabeth A., Karolina M. Lempert eta Sokol-Hessner, Peter. 2014. “Emotion and decision making: Multiple modularity neural circuits”. Annual Review of Neuroscience 37: 263-87.
Platon. 2005. Fedon, Menon, Kratilo eta Fedro. Bilbo: Klasikoak [itzultzailea: Jesus Maria Arrojerria].
Reverchon, Antoine. 2008. “Une approche séductrice”. Le Monde: Économie. 2008, urtarrilak 15.
Rilling, James K. eta Alan G. Sanfey. 2011. “The neuroscience of social decisionmaking”. Annual Review of Psychology 62: 23-48.
Scherer, Klaus R. 2000. “Psychological models of emotion”. In J. C. Borod (arg.), The neuropsychology of emotion. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 137-62.
Scherer, Klaus R. 2005. “What are emotions? And how can they be measured?”. Social Science Information 44 (4): 695-729.
Simon, Herbert A. 1955. “A behavioral model of rational choice”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 69 (1): 99-118.
Simon, Herbert A. 1983. Reason in human affairs. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Skinner, Burrhus F. 1962 [1948]. Walden two. The Macmillan Company, NY: Macmillan Paperbacks.
Tversky, A. eta D. Kahneman. 1982. Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zeelenberg, Marcel, Rob M. A. Nelissen, Seger M. Breugelmans eta Rik Pieters. 2008. “On emotion specifity in decision making: Why feeling is for doing”. Judgment and Decision Making 3 (1): 18-27.
Baumeister, Roy F., C. Nathan eta Liqing Zhang. 2007. “Do emotions improve or hinder the decision making process”. In K. D. Vohs, R. F. Baumeister eta G. Loewenstein. (arg.). Do emotions help or hurt decision making? A hedgefoxian perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 11-31.
Bechara, Antoine. 2004. “The role of emotion in decision-making: Evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage”. Brain and Cognition 55: 30-40.
Bechara, Antoine. 2012. The neurology of decision-making: How neuroscience can enrich research on decision making. https://www.google.es/#q=antoine+bechara+pdf (2015-10-09an atzitua).
Bechara, Antoine, Hanna Damasio eta Antonio R. Damasio. 2000. “Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex”. Cerebral Cortex 10: 295-307.
Bechara, Antoine, Hanna Damasio, Daniel Tranel eta Antonio R. Damasio. 1997. “Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy”. Science 275: 1293-94.
Bechara, Antoine, Daniel Tranel eta Hanna Damasio. 2000. “Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions”. Brain 123: 2189-202.
Ben-Ze’ev, Aaron. 2010. “The thing called emotion”. In P. Goldie (arg.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of emotion. New York: Oxford University Press, 41-62.
Damasio, Antonio. 1994. Descartes’ error. New York: Ptnam. [Euskarazko itzulpena: 2012. Descartesen hutsegitea. Bilbo: ehupress. Itzultzailea: Isabel Etxeberria].
Damasio, Antonio. 2010. Y el cerebro creó al hombre. Bartzelona: Destino.
Evans, Dylan. 2002. Emoción: La ciencia del sentimiento. Madril: Santillana.
Evans, Dylan. 2004. “The search hypothesis of emotion”. In D. Evans eta P. Cruse (arg.), Emotion, evolution, and rationality. New York: Oxford University Press, 179-91.
Evans, Dylan eta Pierre Cruse. 2004. “Introduction”. In D. Evans eta P. Cruse (arg.), Emotion, evolution, and rationality. New York: Oxford University Press, xi-xviii.
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. 2007. Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgement. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press.
Fernández-Abascal, Enrique G. eta Pilar Jiménez Sánchez. 2010. “Psicología de la emoción”. In E. G. Fernández-Abascal, B. García Rodríguez, M. P. Jiménez Sánchez, M. D. Martín Díaz eta F. J. Domínguez Sánchez (arg.), Psicología de la emoción. Madril: Ramón Areces, 17-74.
Frijda, Nico H. 2008. “The psychologist’s point of view”. In M. Lewis, J. M. HavilaLAnd-Jones eta L. F. Barrett (arg.), Handbook of emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 68-87.
Fuster, Joaquín M. 2014. Cerebro y libertad: Los cimientos cerebrales de nuestra capacidad para elegir. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2010. “Moral satisficing: Rethinking moral behavior as bounded rationality”. Topics in Cognitive Science 2: 528-54.
Gilhooly, Kenneth J. 1990. “Decision making and judgement”. In M. W. Eysenck (arg.), The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 89-93.
Gilovich, Thomas D. eta Dale W. Griffin. 2010. “Judgment and decision making”. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert eta G. Lindzey (arg.), The handbook of social psychology (5. ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 542-88.
Gneezy, Uri eta John A. List. 2014. Lo que importa es el porqué: Los motivos económicos ocultos de nuestras acciones. Bartzelona: Urano.
Goldie, Peter. 2010. “Introduction”. In P. Goldie (arg.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of emotion. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1-14.
Goleman, Daniel. 1995. Emotional intelligence. Broadway, N.Y.: Bantam Books.
Johnson, E. J. eta A. Tversky. 1983. “Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 20-31.
Kahneman, Daniel. 2013. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Bartzelona: Debolsillo.
Keltner, Dacher eta Jennifer S. Lerner. 2010. “Emotion”. In S. T Fiske, D. T. Gilbert eta G. Lindzey (arg.), Handbook of social psychology. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 317-52.
Lerner, Jennifer S., Ye Li, Piercarlo ValALdesolo eta Karim S. Kassam. 2015. “Emotion and decision making”. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 799-823.
Loewenstein, George eta Jennifer S. Lerner. 2003. “The role of affect in decision making”. In R. Davidson, H. Goldsmith eta K. Scherer (arg.), Handbook of affective science. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 619-42.
Marcus, George E. 2002. The sentimental citizen: Emotion in democratic politics. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Marina, José Antonio. 2011. Los secretos de la motivación. Bartzelona: Ariel.
Medvec, V. H., S. F. Madley eta T. Gilovich. 1995. “When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (4): 603-10.
Oatley, Keith. 1994. “Emotion”. In M. W. Eysenck (arg.), The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 129-34.
Oliveira, Arnaldo. 2007. “A discussion of rational and psychological decision making theories and models: The search for a cultural-ethical decision making model”. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies 12-2: 12-17.
Oppenheimer, Daniel M. eta Evan Kelso. 2015. “Information processing as a paradigm for decision making”. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 277-94.
Petropoulou, Hélène. 2006. Profile émotionnel et cognitive au début de la sclérose en plaques : effets différentiels des émotions sur les performances cognitives. Psychology. Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis.
Phelps, Elizabeth A., Karolina M. Lempert eta Sokol-Hessner, Peter. 2014. “Emotion and decision making: Multiple modularity neural circuits”. Annual Review of Neuroscience 37: 263-87.
Platon. 2005. Fedon, Menon, Kratilo eta Fedro. Bilbo: Klasikoak [itzultzailea: Jesus Maria Arrojerria].
Reverchon, Antoine. 2008. “Une approche séductrice”. Le Monde: Économie. 2008, urtarrilak 15.
Rilling, James K. eta Alan G. Sanfey. 2011. “The neuroscience of social decisionmaking”. Annual Review of Psychology 62: 23-48.
Scherer, Klaus R. 2000. “Psychological models of emotion”. In J. C. Borod (arg.), The neuropsychology of emotion. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 137-62.
Scherer, Klaus R. 2005. “What are emotions? And how can they be measured?”. Social Science Information 44 (4): 695-729.
Simon, Herbert A. 1955. “A behavioral model of rational choice”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 69 (1): 99-118.
Simon, Herbert A. 1983. Reason in human affairs. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Skinner, Burrhus F. 1962 [1948]. Walden two. The Macmillan Company, NY: Macmillan Paperbacks.
Tversky, A. eta D. Kahneman. 1982. Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zeelenberg, Marcel, Rob M. A. Nelissen, Seger M. Breugelmans eta Rik Pieters. 2008. “On emotion specifity in decision making: Why feeling is for doing”. Judgment and Decision Making 3 (1): 18-27.
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