La utopización histórica del espacio: el caso de New Lanark, 1784-1825

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Publicado 02-10-2023
Jesús de Felipe Redondo

Resumen

Este trabajo aborda la explicación los procesos históricos de utopización, reutopización y desutopización de espacios donde se implementaron proyectos de creación de sociedades ideales. Sostiene la tesis de que los variados y cambiantes significados que adquirieron estos lugares derivaron de los supuestos sobre la realidad que moldearon las percepciones de quienes los interpretaron. Así lo revela el caso analizado de New Lanark (Escocia): paradigma de la utopía paternalista industrial a finales del siglo XVIII, materialización del “nuevo sistema” concebido por Robert Owen en 1800-1815 y enclave “casi utópico” para el owenismo posterior. El análisis de los escritos de Owen y los visitantes desvela la importancia de la categoría de “naturaleza humana sociable” en la utopización, reutopización y desutopización de New Lanark. La nula relevancia de dicha categoría en los escasos testimonios conservados de los obreros residentes en la villa explica por qué ellos no la concibieron como una utopía.

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Keywords

ambiente moral, New Lanark, Robert Owen, lugar utópico, utopización, cuestión social, naturaleza humana sociable

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