Marxist views on the national question: National Policy and Theory in Austrian Social Democracy (1899-1914)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The present work deals with the politics and the national theory developed in Austrian Social Democracy. It analyzes the debates on the national program of the Pan-Austrian Social Democratic Party and the different theoretical and political disputes that took place within it on this issue, as well as their international repercussions on important theorists of German Social Democracy, the Bolsheviks and socialist groups of the Balkans. In turn, it frames these discussions in the political situation from which they emerged, characterized by different national conflicts in Austria on which Social Democracy had to take a position. As fundamental elements of this political framework, we will also analyze the evolution of the Austrian party model (of organizations separated by nationality), the national conflicts within Social Democracy and the different Social Democratic positions on the Austrian imperial state, its possibilities for reform, and the prospects for the solution of the national situation of the different peoples of Austria. We conclude with a critical evaluation of this trajectory and a reflection on how the dominant national theoretical-political program in the Austrian Social Democracy (in its different variants, including the Austro-Marxist School) was ultimately accommodated to the characteristics of the Austrian State and its historical limitations.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Austro-Marxism - Marxism - National Question - National Autonomy - Second International - Austria.
ARICÓ, J. (Ed.), La Segunda Internacional y el problema nacional y colonial II, Siglo XXI, México, 1978b.
BENEÅ , J. S., Workers and nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria, 1890-1918, Oxford University Press, Nueva York, 2017.
BLUM, M. E. & SMALDONE, W. (Eds.), Austro-Marxism: the ideology of unity, Vol. I y Vol. II, Brill, Leiden, 2015 y 2017.
BRAVO, G., "Nel centenario della II internazionale: Le origini del socialismo nell'impero asburgico", Studi Storici, 30, 3, 1989, pp. 637-678.
COAKLEY, J., "Approaches to the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict: The Strategy of Non-Territorial Autonomy", International Political Science Review, 15, 3,1994, pp. 297-314.
DJILAS, A., The Contested Country: Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919-1953, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 1991.
EGRY, G., "Social Democracy and the Nationalities Question", en FEITL, I. y SIPOS, B. (eds.), Regimes and transformations: Hungary in the twentieth century, Napvilág, Budapest, 2005.
GECHTMAN, R., "A "Museum of Bad Taste"? The Jewish Labour Bund and the Bolshevik Position Regarding the National Question, 1903-14", Canadian Journal of History, 43 (1), 2008, pp. 31-67.
HAUPT, G., Socialism and the Great War: The Collapse of the Second International, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1972.
HAUPT, G. y LÖWY, M., Los marxistas y la cuestión nacional, Fontamara, Barcelona, 1980.
JOLL, J., The Second International, 1889-1914, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Boston, 1974.
JUDSON, P., The Habsburg Empire: A New History, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 2016.
KNAPP, V. J., Austrian Social Democracy, 1889-1914, University Press of America, Washington, 1980.
KOGAN, A. G., "The Social Democrats and the Conflict of Nationalities in the Habsburg Monarchy", Journal of Modern History, 21, 3, 1949, pp. 204-217.
KUHN, R., Henryk Grossman and the recovery of Marxism, University of Illinois Press, Champaign, 2007.
KUHN, R., "Jewish Anti-Zionism in the Galitzian Socialist Movement", en GRABSKI, A. (Ed.), Rebels against Zion: Studies on the Jewish Left Anti-Zionism, Jewish Historical Institute, Varsovia, 2011, pp. 47-65.
LESER, N., "Austro-Marxism: A Reappraisal", Journal of Contemporary History, 11, 1976, pp. 133-148.
LÓPEZ, D., "Futuro pasado de la nación en el marxismo clásico de la Segunda Internacional", en VI Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP 9 de diciembre de 2010.
LÓPEZ, D., "La cuestión nacional según Otto Bauer. Notas críticas en torno a un clásico", Estudios Sociales, 41 (1), 2011, pp. 9-40.
MEUCCI, I., "O austromarxismo e a questão nacional: contribuições de Otto Bauer e Karl Renner", Revista Electrónica de Ciencia Política, 5, 1, 2014, pp. 142-156.
MONTELEONE, R., "Il socialismo trentino di fronte al problema nazionale. Dalle origini ai memoriali di Antonio Piscel alla conferenza di Stoccolma", Studi Storici, 7 (2), 1966, pp. 325-355.
NIMNI, E., (ed.), National Autonomy, Routledge, Londres, 2005.
OWINGS, W. A., "Marxism and the National Question in Slovenia before 1914", Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 47, 1967, pp. 331-336.
PIEMONTE, V. A., "El socialismo europeo en la encrucijada: debates sobre cuestión nacional y revolución social en la Segunda Internacional", Trabajos Y Comunicaciones, 41, 2015.
POLACH, J., "The Beginnings of Trade Unionism among the Slavs of the Austrian Empire", American Slavic and East European Review, 14, 2, 1955, pp. 239-259.
QUIROGA, M. y MASSÓ, M., "La cuestión nacional judía en el socialismo de Europa del Este: disputas partidarias e internacionales (1892-1914)", Izquierdas, 35, 2017, pp. 124-166.
ROEBKE-BERENS, R., "Austrian Social Democratic Foreign Policy and the Bosnian Crisis of 1908", Austrian History Yearbook, 17, 1981a, pp. 104-123.
ROEBKE‐BERENS, R., "Austrian Social Democratic Peace Policy and the Balkan Crises of 1912-1913", Peace & Change, 7, 1‐2, 1981b, pp. 17-27.
RUPNIK, J., Histoire du Parti communiste tchécoslovaque: des origines à la prise du pouvoir, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Paris, 1981.
SANDER, G., "Austromarxismus und multikulturalismus", Kakanienrevisited, 2002, http://www.kakanien-revisited.at/beitr/fallstudie/GSandner1.pdf
SCHORSKE, C., German Social Democracy, 1905-1917: The Development of the Great Schism, Russell & Russell, Nueva York, 1970.
STEENSON, G., After Marx, before Lenin. Marxism and socialist working-class parties in Europe, 1884-1914, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 1991.
THOMAS, T., "Bohumil Šmeral and the Czech Question 1904-14", Journal of Contemporary History, 11, 2-3, 1976, pp. 79-98.
TUCKER, R., Stalin as revolutionary, 1879-1929: A study in history and personality, Northon & Company, Nueva York, 2008.
ŽIVKOVIĆ, A. y PLAVŠIĆ, D. (eds), "The Balkan Socialist Tradition, 1871-1915", Revolutionary History, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2003.
Authors publishing in the journal Historia Contemporánea agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain full copyright of their papers, but also grant copyright to the academic publisher (UPV/EHU Press) for the purposes of copyright management, vigilance and protection.
- Papers are by default published with a non-restrictive Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. You are free to: Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
- If an author requires a more restricted CC license (e.g. CC-BY-SA), this can be provided by contacting our publisher at: publications@ehu.eus
- In particular, and without having to request additional permission, CC BY-NC-ND licensed papers can be deposited in institutional repositories and academic web sites.
- Postprints (i.e. accepted but non-edited versions of the manuscript) can also be pre-published online, providing acknowledgement of authorship and source is specified as above.
For non-standard uses of papers or materials published in Historia Contemporánea, please contact our publisher UPV/EHU Press at: publications@ehu.eus