The Other Pistolerismo: Trade Union Violence in Bilbao, 1919-23
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-7848
Abstract
This article reconstructs the violent degeneration of labor relations in Bilbao and n 1919-1923, focusing on the «fratricidal» violence that pitted communist, socialist, anarcho-syndicalist, nationalist and Catholic trade unions. The article traces and analyzes the brutalization of trade unionism, the role of the state and the employers in this violent evolution, and its entanglement with the Basque national conflict. These conflicts are seen as part of the phenomenon of «pistolerismo» that shook Spain during the Restoration crisis, developing an all-Spanish and pan-European framework that questions the exceptionality of Barcelona. The article argues that trade union violence was the result of a split within the working class in the face of a prolonged so- cial crisis sharpened by inten e repression, with a sector turning to the extreme left and another to- wards conciliatory positions.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
violence, nationalism, trade unions, Biscay, Bilbao
BALCELLS, Albert. El pistolerisme: Barcelona (1917-1923). Barcelona, Pòrtic, 2009.
BARRIOBERO, Eduardo. A las conciencias honradas. Sin lugar, sin fecha.
BIZCARRONDO, Marta; ELORZA, Antonio. Queridos Camaradas: La Internacional Comunista y España, 1919-1939. Barcelona, Planeta, 1999.
CABEZAS, Octavio. Indalecio Prieto, socialista y español. Madrid, Algaba, 2005.
CALVO PRAT, Carlos. Anarquismo y violencia política en Aragón (1914-1923). UNED (tesis doctoral), 2021.
CASTELLS ARTECHE, Luis. Los trabajadores en el País Vasco (1876-1923). Madrid, Siglo XXI, 1993.
CASTILLO CAÑIZ, Assumpta. «Violence against strikers in the rural peripheries of the Iberian Peninsula, 1890–1915», en Corporate Policing, Yellow Unionism, and Strikebreaking, 1890-1930: In Defence of Freedom. Londres, Routledge, 2020, pp. 44-61.
CASTILLO CAÑIZ, Assumpta. «Arming Upstanding Citizens: Dynamics of Civilian Disarmament and Rearmament in Restoration Spain», Contemporary European History (avance en línea), 2023.
ELORZA, Antonio. «Los primeros pasos del P.C. de Euskadi: Cuestiones y documentos», Hemen eta Orain, 14, 1981, pp. 23-31.
FARRÉ MOREGÓ, JOSÉ MARÍA. Los atentados sociales en España. Madrid, Faure, 1922.
FOGARTY, Richard; KILLINGRAY, David. «Demobilization in British and French Africa at the End of the First World War», Journal of Contemporary History, 50:1, 2015, pp. 100-123.
FUSI, Juan Pablo. Política obrera en el País Vasco. Madrid, Turner, 1975.
GERWARTH, Robert; HORNE, John. «Vectors of Violence: Paramilitarism in Europe after the Great War, 1917-1923», The Journal of Modern History, 83:3, 2011, pp. 489-512.
GONZÁLEZ CALLEJA, Eduardo. «La cultura de guerra como propuesta historiográfica; una reflexión general desde el contemporaneísmo español», Historia Social, 61, 2008, pp. 69-87.
GONZÁLEZ CALLEJA, Eduardo. El Máuser y el sufragio: orden público, subversión y violencia política en la crisis de la Restauración (1917-1931). Madrid, CSIC, 1999.
HIDALGO GARCÍA DE ORELLÁN, Sara. «La emoción como fundamento de la clase: movimiento obrero y socialismo en la Vizcaya finisecular», Estudios de Historia de España, 23, 2021, pp. 39-54.
HIDALGO GARCÍA DE ORELLÁN, Sara. Emociones obreras, política socialista. Movimiento obrero vizcaíno (1886-1915). Madrid, Tecnos 2018.
HUMBERT-DROZ, Jules. Mémoires. Neuchâtel, Baconnière, 1971.
IBÁÑEZ, Norberto; PÉREZ, José Antonio. Facundo Perezagua. El primer líder obrero de Bizkaia (1860-1935). Bilbao, Temas vizcaínos, 2005.
IBÁÑEZ, Norberto. «El PCE en el País Vasco desde sus orígenes hasta la Guerra Civil», Vasconia, 38 (2012), pp. 783-812.
Instituto de Reformas Sociales, Crónica de la huelga general de metalúrgicos de Vizcaya, mayo-agosto 1922, Madrid, Felipe Samarán, 1922.
MARINELLO BONNEFOY, Juan Cristóbal. Sindicalismo y violencia en Barcelona, 1902-1919. Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (tesis doctoral), 2014.
MEAKER, Gerald. The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914-1923. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1974.
MEES, Ludger. Nacionalismo vasco, movimiento obrero y cuestión social (1903-1923). Bilbao, Fundación Sabino Arana, 1992.
MILLAN, Matteo y SALUPPO, Alessandro. Corporate Policing, Yellow Unionism, and Strikebreaking, 1890-1930. Londres, Routledge, 2021.
MOSSE, George L., Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990.
MIRALLES, Ricardo. El socialismo vasco durante la II República. Bilbao, UPV, 1988.
LOUZAO VILLAR, Joseba. Soldados de la fe o amantes del progreso. Catolicismo y modernidad en Vizcaya (1890-1923). Palma de Mallorca, Genueve, 2013.
LUENGO TEIXIDOR, Félix. La crisis de la Restauración. Partidos, elecciones y conflictividad social en Guipúzcoa, 1917-1923. Bilbao, UPV, 1991.
OLABARRI GORTÁZAR, Ignacio. Relaciones laborales en Vizcaya (1890-1936). Durango, Zugaza, 1978.
OTAEGUI, Margarita. «Organización obrera y nacionalismo: Solidaridad de Obreros Vascos (1911-1923)», Estudios de Historia Social, 18-19, 1981, pp. 7-83.
PAZ, Abel. Durruti. Barcelona, Bruguera, 1978.
PÉREZ SOLÍS, Óscar. Memorias de mi amigo Óscar Perera. Madrid, Renacimiento, 1931.
PRIETO, Indalecio. De mi vida. Ciudad de México, Oasis, 1970.
SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ, Francisco. La protesta de un pueblo: acción colectiva y organización obrera, Madrid 1901-1923. Madrid, Cinca, 2005.
VELASCO NÚÑEZ, Alfredo. «El cénit de la CNT en Vizcaya en torno a 1920», Germinal, 3, 2008, pp. 3-33.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in the journal Historia Contemporánea agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain full copyright of their papers, but also grant copyright to the academic publisher (UPV/EHU Press) for the purposes of copyright management, vigilance and protection.
- Papers are by default published with a non-restrictive Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. You are free to: Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
- If an author requires a more restricted CC license (e.g. CC-BY-SA), this can be provided by contacting our publisher at: publications@ehu.eus
- In particular, and without having to request additional permission, CC BY-NC-ND licensed papers can be deposited in institutional repositories and academic web sites.
- Postprints (i.e. accepted but non-edited versions of the manuscript) can also be pre-published online, providing acknowledgement of authorship and source is specified as above.
For non-standard uses of papers or materials published in Historia Contemporánea, please contact our publisher UPV/EHU Press at: publications@ehu.eus