Desafíos de la política lingüística en los medios de comunicación para jóvenes: armonizando los objetivos de las políticas lingüísticas y las políticas mediáticas
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Publicado
27-05-2016
Agurtzane Elordui
Resumen
En el entorno digital la eficacia de las políticas de los medios minoritarios depende de su capacidad para atraer a usuarios jóvenes y hacerles participar. La participación es una cuestión relevante que vincula los objetivos de cualquier plan de normalización lingüística con una estrategia para el desarrollo de nuevos medios. Este trabajo analiza los patrones de participación de dos medios minoritarios públicos: BBC ALBA y EITB. Se centra en propuestas participativas exitosas como FilmG y Gaztea, que muestran pautas a seguir para el diseño de estrategias que ayuden a aumentar la visibilidad de los contenidos en lengua minoritaria en un mercado global.
Cómo citar
Elordui, A. (2016). Desafíos de la política lingüística en los medios de comunicación para jóvenes: armonizando los objetivos de las políticas lingüísticas y las políticas mediáticas. ZER: Revista De Estudios De Comunicación = Komunikazio Ikasketen Aldizkaria, 21(40). https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.16420
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References
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ANDROUTSOPOULOS, Jannis (2010). Localizing the Global on the Participatory Web. In N. Coupland (ed.), The Handbook of Language and Globalization (203-231). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
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CORMACK, Mike (2013). Concluding Remarks: Towards an understanding of media impact on minority language use. In Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed (eds.). Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries (255-265). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
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ELORDUI, Agurtzane (2015). Diseinu linguistikoa eta transmedia-engaiatzea: Gaztea, audientziari begira prosumitzaileen aroan. In Agurtzane Elordui and Edorta Arana (2015) Transmedia Komunikazio estrategiak. Gaurkotasun-edukiak diseinatzeko eta hedatzeko bide berriak (135-154). Bilbo: Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea.
ELORDUI, Agurtzane (2016). Elebakartasunetik heteroglosiara: Gaztea Irratia, bernakulizazioa gazte-komunikabideen diseinu sozioestilistikoan. Uztaro 97, pp. 31-52.
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2006a). If not us, then who?" Public service broadcasting and culture in the 21st century. In C. Nissen (ed.) Making a difference: Public Service Broadcasting in the European Media Landscape. Eastleigh: John Libbey Publishing.
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2006b). Comments on the report on 'Access of national minorities to the media: new challenges' Council of Europe. Available at http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/6_Resources/PDF_DH-MIN_KJakubowicz_CommentsAccessNatMinMedia_en.pdf
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2007). Public service broadcasting: a new beginning, or the beginning of the end? Knowledge Politics. Available at www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/.../PSB_Anewbeginning_KJ_en.pdf
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2008). Participation and Partnership: A Copernican Revolution to engineer public service media for the 21st century. RIP@ Keynote Presentation.
JENKINS, Henry (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
JENKINS, Henry; FORD, Sam; GREEN, Joshua (2013). Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. New York: New York University Press.
JONES, Elin Haf Gruffydd & URIBE-JONGBLOED Enrique (eds.) (2013). Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
KELLY-HOLMES, Helen (ed.) (2001). Minority language broadcasting: Breton and Irish. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
LEPPÄNEN, Sirpa; PITKÄNEN-HUHTA, Anne; PIIRAINEN-MARSH, Arja; NIKULA, Tarja; PEURONEN, Saija (2009). Young People's Translocal
New Media Uses: a Multiperspective Analysis of Language Choice and Heteroglossia. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14, pp. 1080-1107.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia (2009). Children and the Internet. Cambridge: Polity Press.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia & Das, Ranjana (2010). POLIS media and family report. POLIS, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/30156/
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia (2013). The end of audiences? Theoretical echoes of repeption amid the uncertainties of use. In Hartley, Jonh, Burgess, Jean and Bruns, Axel (eds.) A companion to new media Dynamics (104-121). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia & Wang, Yinhan (2011). Media policy brief 2. Media literacy and the Communications Act. What has been achieved and what should be done? London: London School of Economics Media Policy Project. Available at http://www2.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/pdf/MPP/LSEMPPBrief2.pdf
MCGONAGLE, Tarlach (2011). Minority rights, Freedom of Expression and of the Media: Dynamics and Dilemmas. School of Human Rights Series 44. Cambridge: Intersentia.
MGALBA (2014). MGALBA Annual Report Statement of Account 2013-2014. Available at: http://www.mgalba.com/downloads/reports/annual-report-13-14.pdf?lang
MILLINGAN, Lindsay; CHALMERS, Douglas; DANSON, Mike; LANG, Alison (2011). BBC ALBA's contributions to Gaelic language planning efforts for reserving language shift. Current Issues in Language Planning, 12 (3) pp. 349-361.
MORING, Tom (2006). Access of National Minorities to the media: new challenges. Report for the 4th meeting of the Committee of Experts on Issues Relating to the Protection of National Minorities, 19-20 October 2006, Strasbourg, France.
MORING, Tom (2007). Functional Completeness on Minority Language Media. In Mike Cormack & Niamh Hourigan (eds.), Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques, and Case Studies. (17-33). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
MORING, Tom (2013). Media Markets and Minority Languages in the Digital Age. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minortity Issues in Europe. 12 (4), pp. 34-53.
MORING, Tom & Dunbar, Robert (2008). The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Media. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
OFCOM (2007). A new approach to public service content in the digital media. The potential role of the Public Service Publisher. Ofcom Office of Communication. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/pspnewapproach/
OFCOM (2014a). Children and parents: Media use and attitudes in the nations . Ofcom Office of Communication. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/market-research/
OFCOM (2014b). Communications Market Report. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/market-data/communications-market-reports/cmr14/uk/
OJDINTERACTIVA (2013). Auditoria de medición de audiencias. Información y control de publicaciones de EITB, Available at: http://www.ojdinteractiva.es/medios-digitales
PIETIKÄINEN, Sari (2008). To breathe two airs: empowering indigenous Sámi media. In P. Wilson and M. Steward (eds.), Global indigenous media: cultures, practices and politics (197-213). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
PIETIKÄINEN, Sari and KELLY-HOLMES, Helen (2011). Gifting, service, and performance: three eras in minority-language media policy and practice. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), pp. 51-70.
RICENTO, Thomas (ed.) (2007). An introduction to Language Policy. Theory and Method. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
SCOTT, Martin (2009). Guidelines for broadcasters on Promoting User-generated Content and Media and Information Literacy. Commonwealth Broadcasting Association & UNESCO. Available at www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001871/187160e.pdf
STÙBHART, Mòrag (2008). NPLD Youth Project 08: Priorities for promoting language diversity among young people.). NPLD Youth report: Scottish Gaelic. NPLD. Available at http://www.npld.eu/
UNESCO (2011a). Public Service Broadcasting and Language Development: A Summary Report on the Situation in Five Countries. Report for the expert group meeting "Towards UNESCO guidelines on Language Policies: a Tool for Language Assessment and Planning. Available at www.unescobkk.org/.../public_service_broadcasting.pdf
UNESCO (2011b). UNESCO's Language Vitality and Endangerment Methodological Guideline: Review of Application and Feedback since 2003. Available at http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/unesco_language_vitaly_and_endangerment_methodological_guideline.pdf
ANDROUTSOPOULOS, Jannis (2010). Localizing the Global on the Participatory Web. In N. Coupland (ed.), The Handbook of Language and Globalization (203-231). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
ARANA, Edorta; NARBAIZA, Bea & MIMENZA, Libe (2013). Korrika: una visión transmedia, in M. Ledo & M. I. Vassallo de Lopes (eds.). Libro de Actas. XIII Congreso Internacional Ibercom. Santiago de Compostela: IBERCOM, AssIBERCOM, AGACO, pp. 2533-2544.
BARDOEL, Jo (2007). Public service broadcasting in a multimedia environment. In N. Carpentier et al. (eds.) Media technologies and democracy in an enlarged Europe. The intellectual work of the 2007 European media and communicational doctoral summer school (41-54). Tartu: Tartu University Press.
BARDOEL, Jo & d'Haenes L. (2008) Reinventing public media broadcasting in Europe. Prospects, promises and problems. Media, Culture and Society 30 (1), pp. 337-355.
BASQUE GOVERNMENT (2012a). Gazteen argazkiak 15. Hedabideak. Report of the Basque Observatory of Youth. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Spain. Available also in Spanish at: http://www.euskadi.net/contenidos/informe_estudio/retratos_de_juventud_15/eu_retjuv15/ adjuntos/11retratos15_eu.pd
BASQUE GOVERNMENT (2012b). Euskara sustatzeko ekintza plana. Vice Ministry for Language Policy. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Spain. Available also in Spanish at: http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59738/es/contenidos/informacion/argitalpenak/es_6092/adjuntos/Plan%20ESEP_cast.pdf
BASQUE GOVERNMENT (2013). Firth Sociolinguistic Survey. Vice Ministry for Language Policy. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Spain. Available at http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59-738/en/contenidos/informacion/sociolinguistic_research2011/en_2011/2011.html
BBC (2013). BBC Media Literacy Strategy. Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/overview/about/assets/bbc_media_literacy_strategy_may2013.pdf
BORD NA GAIDHLING (2012). National Gaelic Language Plan 2012-2017. Growth and Improvement. Available at: http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/Downloads/National%20Gaelic%20Langauge%20Plan%202012%20-%202017.pdf
BROWNE, Donald R. & URIBE-JONGBLOED, Enrique (2013). Introduction: Ethnic/Linguistic Minority Media –What their History Reveals, How Scholars have studied them and What we might ask next. In Jones Elin Haf Gruffydd & Uribe-Jongbloed, Enrique (eds.), Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries (1-28). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
CLARK, Jessica & AUFDERHEIDE, Pat (2009). Public Media 2.0: Dynamic, Engaged Publics. Future of public media.net . Available at http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/future-public-media/documents/white-papers/public-media-20-dynamic-engaged-publics
CORMACK, Mike (2010). Gaelic in the new digital landscape. In G. Unro & I. Mac an TÃ illeir (eds.) Gaelic Communities Today (127-137). Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic.
CORMACK, Mike (2013). Concluding Remarks: Towards an understanding of media impact on minority language use. In Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed (eds.). Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries (255-265). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
EITB (2013). Txostena 2013 Balance. Available at www.eitb.eus
ELORDUI, Agurtzane (2015). Diseinu linguistikoa eta transmedia-engaiatzea: Gaztea, audientziari begira prosumitzaileen aroan. In Agurtzane Elordui and Edorta Arana (2015) Transmedia Komunikazio estrategiak. Gaurkotasun-edukiak diseinatzeko eta hedatzeko bide berriak (135-154). Bilbo: Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea.
ELORDUI, Agurtzane (2016). Elebakartasunetik heteroglosiara: Gaztea Irratia, bernakulizazioa gazte-komunikabideen diseinu sozioestilistikoan. Uztaro 97, pp. 31-52.
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2006a). If not us, then who?" Public service broadcasting and culture in the 21st century. In C. Nissen (ed.) Making a difference: Public Service Broadcasting in the European Media Landscape. Eastleigh: John Libbey Publishing.
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2006b). Comments on the report on 'Access of national minorities to the media: new challenges' Council of Europe. Available at http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/6_Resources/PDF_DH-MIN_KJakubowicz_CommentsAccessNatMinMedia_en.pdf
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2007). Public service broadcasting: a new beginning, or the beginning of the end? Knowledge Politics. Available at www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/.../PSB_Anewbeginning_KJ_en.pdf
JAKUBOWICK, Karol (2008). Participation and Partnership: A Copernican Revolution to engineer public service media for the 21st century. RIP@ Keynote Presentation.
JENKINS, Henry (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
JENKINS, Henry; FORD, Sam; GREEN, Joshua (2013). Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. New York: New York University Press.
JONES, Elin Haf Gruffydd & URIBE-JONGBLOED Enrique (eds.) (2013). Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
KELLY-HOLMES, Helen (ed.) (2001). Minority language broadcasting: Breton and Irish. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
LEPPÄNEN, Sirpa; PITKÄNEN-HUHTA, Anne; PIIRAINEN-MARSH, Arja; NIKULA, Tarja; PEURONEN, Saija (2009). Young People's Translocal
New Media Uses: a Multiperspective Analysis of Language Choice and Heteroglossia. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14, pp. 1080-1107.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia (2009). Children and the Internet. Cambridge: Polity Press.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia & Das, Ranjana (2010). POLIS media and family report. POLIS, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/30156/
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia (2013). The end of audiences? Theoretical echoes of repeption amid the uncertainties of use. In Hartley, Jonh, Burgess, Jean and Bruns, Axel (eds.) A companion to new media Dynamics (104-121). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
LIVINGSTONE, Sonia & Wang, Yinhan (2011). Media policy brief 2. Media literacy and the Communications Act. What has been achieved and what should be done? London: London School of Economics Media Policy Project. Available at http://www2.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/pdf/MPP/LSEMPPBrief2.pdf
MCGONAGLE, Tarlach (2011). Minority rights, Freedom of Expression and of the Media: Dynamics and Dilemmas. School of Human Rights Series 44. Cambridge: Intersentia.
MGALBA (2014). MGALBA Annual Report Statement of Account 2013-2014. Available at: http://www.mgalba.com/downloads/reports/annual-report-13-14.pdf?lang
MILLINGAN, Lindsay; CHALMERS, Douglas; DANSON, Mike; LANG, Alison (2011). BBC ALBA's contributions to Gaelic language planning efforts for reserving language shift. Current Issues in Language Planning, 12 (3) pp. 349-361.
MORING, Tom (2006). Access of National Minorities to the media: new challenges. Report for the 4th meeting of the Committee of Experts on Issues Relating to the Protection of National Minorities, 19-20 October 2006, Strasbourg, France.
MORING, Tom (2007). Functional Completeness on Minority Language Media. In Mike Cormack & Niamh Hourigan (eds.), Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques, and Case Studies. (17-33). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
MORING, Tom (2013). Media Markets and Minority Languages in the Digital Age. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minortity Issues in Europe. 12 (4), pp. 34-53.
MORING, Tom & Dunbar, Robert (2008). The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Media. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
OFCOM (2007). A new approach to public service content in the digital media. The potential role of the Public Service Publisher. Ofcom Office of Communication. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/pspnewapproach/
OFCOM (2014a). Children and parents: Media use and attitudes in the nations . Ofcom Office of Communication. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/market-research/
OFCOM (2014b). Communications Market Report. Available at http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/market-data/communications-market-reports/cmr14/uk/
OJDINTERACTIVA (2013). Auditoria de medición de audiencias. Información y control de publicaciones de EITB, Available at: http://www.ojdinteractiva.es/medios-digitales
PIETIKÄINEN, Sari (2008). To breathe two airs: empowering indigenous Sámi media. In P. Wilson and M. Steward (eds.), Global indigenous media: cultures, practices and politics (197-213). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
PIETIKÄINEN, Sari and KELLY-HOLMES, Helen (2011). Gifting, service, and performance: three eras in minority-language media policy and practice. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), pp. 51-70.
RICENTO, Thomas (ed.) (2007). An introduction to Language Policy. Theory and Method. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
SCOTT, Martin (2009). Guidelines for broadcasters on Promoting User-generated Content and Media and Information Literacy. Commonwealth Broadcasting Association & UNESCO. Available at www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001871/187160e.pdf
STÙBHART, Mòrag (2008). NPLD Youth Project 08: Priorities for promoting language diversity among young people.). NPLD Youth report: Scottish Gaelic. NPLD. Available at http://www.npld.eu/
UNESCO (2011a). Public Service Broadcasting and Language Development: A Summary Report on the Situation in Five Countries. Report for the expert group meeting "Towards UNESCO guidelines on Language Policies: a Tool for Language Assessment and Planning. Available at www.unescobkk.org/.../public_service_broadcasting.pdf
UNESCO (2011b). UNESCO's Language Vitality and Endangerment Methodological Guideline: Review of Application and Feedback since 2003. Available at http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/unesco_language_vitaly_and_endangerment_methodological_guideline.pdf
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