La “sabiduría de las multitudes” y su conocimiento de los desafíos de Puerto Rico a seis meses del huracán María: reflexiones sobre el experimento de David Begnaud sobre “crowdsourcing” periodístico
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Publicado
30-11-2022
Carlos Yordan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-2168
Resumen
Este artículo analiza el experimento del corresponsal de CBS News, David Begnaud, con el “crowdsourcing” periodístico para su reportaje sobre los desafíos de Puerto Rico seis meses después del huracán María. Esta investigación contesta dos preguntas. Primero, examina por qué los periodistas y las organizaciones de medios han experimentado con estrategias de “crowdsourcing” y si otros periodistas podrían copiar el experimento de Begnaud y lograr resultados similares. En segundo lugar, utilizando metodologías de texto como datos (i.e. “text as data”), el artículo cuestiona la inteligencia colectiva de las personas que respondieron a la solicitud de información de Begnaud. Con base en los hallazgos, el artículo muestra que el conocimiento colectivo de los seguidores evaluó adecuadamente los muchos desafíos de Puerto Rico y algunos de los municipios más afectados por el huracán. Aunque el periodismo de crowdsourcing no es siempre fácil, este artículo demuestra que, cuando se hace bien, puede mejorar el proceso periodístico.
Cómo citar
Yordan, C. (2022). La “sabiduría de las multitudes” y su conocimiento de los desafíos de Puerto Rico a seis meses del huracán María: reflexiones sobre el experimento de David Begnaud sobre “crowdsourcing” periodístico. ZER: Revista De Estudios De Comunicación = Komunikazio Ikasketen Aldizkaria, 27(53), 259–285. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.23398
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Keywords
crowdsourcing, periodismo, inteligencia colectiva, huracan Maria, texto como datos, Puerto Rico
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FURUICHI, K. & SEIDEL, I. (2017). “In Search of Best Practices for Journalist Crowdsourcing,” Knight Lab (2017), https://studio.knightlab.com/projects/crowdsourcing-for-journalism/, accessed on 20 May 2020.
GONZALEZ AGUILAR, O. (2021). “Crowd Modelling: Aggregating Non-Expert Views as a Method for Theorizing,” International Journal of Crowd Science (online first), https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCS-04-2021-0015, accessed 27 October 2021.
HO, K. (2018). “Q&A: CBS’s David Begnaud on Covering Puerto Rico When Few Others Did,” Columbia Journalism Review (4 June), https://www.cjr.org/q_and_a/cbs-correspondent-david-begnaud.php, accessed 30 September 2021.
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MEHTA, D. (2017). “The Media Really Has Neglected Puerto Rico,” FiveThirtyEight (28 September), https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-really-has-neglected-puerto-rico/, accessed 15 October 2021.
MUTHUKUMARASWAMY, K. (2010). “When the media meet crowds of wisdom,” Journalism
Practice 4(1), 48-65, https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780903068874, accessed on 11 January 2019.
NGUYEN, V.D. & MERAYO, M. (2017). “Intelligent Collective: Some Issues with Collective Cardinality,” Journal of Information Technology, 1(2): 127-140, https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2017.1323702, accessed 30 September 2021.
NPRDINC (2018). “Esaí Morales, Zuleyka Rivera, Ismael Miranda and David Begnaud to lead the Procession of the 2018 National Puerto Rican Day Parade” (24 May), https://www.nprdpinc.org/parade_press/esai-morales-zuleyka-rivera-ismael-miranda-and-david-begnaud-to-lead-the-procession-of-the-2018-national-puerto-rican-day-parade/, accessed on 31 October 2021.
ONUHOA, M., PINDER, J. & SCHAFFER, J. (2015). Guide to Crowdsourcing (New York, NY: Columbia Journalism School, Tow Center for Digital Journalism), https://doi.org/10.7916/D81G0ZG1, accessed on 11 January 2019.
PREPA (2018). Puerto Rico Power Authority: Fiscal Plan (1 August), https://aeepr.com/es-pr/Documents/Exhibit-1-FiscalPlan_2018_(PREPA)-20180801.pdf, accessed on 15 October 2021.
ROOTHMAN, M. (2018). “Crowdsourcing: How The Guardian, ProPublica and Vox Media are Doing It” (30 April), https://www.fipp.com/news/opinion/crowdsourcing-the-guardian-propublica-vox-media, accessed on 11 January 2019
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SHAH, A., KOA, A. & PEINADO, F. (2017). “The mainstream media didn’t care about Puerto Rico until it became a Trump story,” Washington Post (27 November),
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/11/27/the-mainstream-media-didnt-care-about-puerto-rico-until-it-became-a-trump-story/, accessed on 15 October 2021.
SPRINGER, N. (2019). “Crowdsourcing” in Tim Vos and Folker Hanuch (eds) The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell).
SUROWIECKI, J. (2005). The Wisdom of Crowds (New York, NY: Anchor Books).
VAN DER HAAK, B., PARKS, M. & CASTELLS, M. (2012). “The Future of Journalism: Networked Journalism.” International Journal of Communication vol. 6, https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1750/832, accessed on 11 January 2019.
VEHKOO, J. (2013). Crowdsourcing in Investigative Journalism (Oxford, England: The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism), https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:727c20b5-8112-4a87-9816-7fbc0ad71e1a/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Crowdsourcing%2Bin%2BInvestigative%2BJournalism&type_of_work=Report, accessed on 20 July 2019.
WADHA, T. (2013). “Lessons from Crowdsourcing The Boston Bombing Investigation,” Forbes (22 April), https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarunwadhwa/2013/04/22/lessons-from-crowdsourcing-the-boston-marathon-bombings-investigation/?sh=6ebb37294424, accessed on July 12, 2021.
WALDOW, J. (2018). “How the Media Failed Puerto Rico in the Maria Aftermath,” CNN (1 June), https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/01/media/reliable-sources-podcast-david-begnaud/index.html, accessed 30 September 2021.
WATANABE, K. & MÜLLER, S. (2021a). “Construct a FCM” in Quanteda Tutorials, https://tutorials.quanteda.io/basic-operations/fcm/fcm/, accessed on 15 October 2021.
WATANABE, K. & MÜLLER, S. (2021b). “Keyword-in-Context” in Quanteda Tutorials, https://tutorials.quanteda.io/basic-operations/tokens/kwic/, 15 October 2021.
WATANABE, K. & MÜLLER, S. (2021c). “Compound Multi-Level Expressions” in Quanteda Tutorials, https://tutorials.quanteda.io/advanced-operations/compound-mutiword-expressions/, 15 October 2021.
WELBERS, K., VAN ATTEVELDT, W. & BENOIT, K. (2017). “Text Analysis in R,” Communication Methods and Measures, 11(4): 245-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238.
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