El rol de los contratos en viticultura
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Publicado
18-09-2018
Marta Fernández Olmos
Resumen
A pesar de que los economistas han dedicado enorme esfuerzo a examinar la racionalidad de los contratos en agricultura, pocos estudios se han llevado a cabo en viticultura. Sin embargo, se observan diferencias contractuales en la producción de uva y vino. En el presente trabajo se analizan las estructuras contractuales actualmente utilizadas en varias regiones vitivinícolas. Independientemente de las características inherentes en los contratos, se obtiene que estos mecanismos permiten a las bodegas articular sus requisitos con respecto a la calidad de las uvas producidas por los agricultores. Asimismo, este análisis permite concluir que los contratos son un medio para transferir riesgo y definir las responsabilidades de producción en un sistema de producción de vino. También se observa un número de cuestiones teóricas que necesitan ser analizadas. En particular, los contratos facilitan la coordinación de la relación, pero no aseguran un éxito a largo plazo. También se discute el papel que la reputación desempeña en estas relaciones contractuales.
Cómo citar
Fernández Olmos, M. (2018). El rol de los contratos en viticultura. Cuadernos De Gestión, 8(2), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19119mf
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Keywords
Coordinación vertical, relación contractual, calidad de uva, reputación
References
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ALLEN, D., LUECK, D. (2003): The Nature of the Farm: Contracts, Risk and Organization in Agriculture, MIT Press: Cambridge
ANDERSSON, H. (1995): «Primary and secondary producers: Economic implications of contracts in the food marketing chain», European Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 310-320.
BARCO, E., PINILLOS, M., NAVARRO, M.C. (2006): «Estrategias de diferenciación versus estrategias de tamaño», Cuaderno de Campo, No.34, pp.12-16.
BARZEL, Y. (1982): «Measurement Costs and the Organization of Markets,» Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 27-48.
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CHAMBERS, W. KING, R. (2002): «Changing Agricultural Markets: Industrialization and Vertical Coordination in the Dry Edible Bean Industry», Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 495-511.
CROCKER, K.J., MASTEN, S.C. (1991): Pretia ex machina? Prices and process in long-term contracts, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 34, pp. 270-300
DOWNEY, W. (1996): «The Challenge of Food and Agri Products Supply Chains», In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Chain Management in Agri-and Food Businesses, Conference held et Ede, Netherlands, 30-31, May, 1996
DRESCHER, K. (2000): «Assessing Aspects of Agricultural Contracts: An Application to German Agriculture», Agribusiness, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 385-398
DUBOIS, P., VUKINA, T. (2004): «Grower risk aversion and the cost of moral hazard in livestock production contracts», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 835-841.
FRASER, I. (2002): «Contractual Relations Between Wine Grape Growers and Wineries in Australia: Survey Results», Australian Viticulture, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 68-79
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FRASER, I. (2005): «Microeconomic analysis of wine grape supply contracts in Australia», The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 49, pp. 23-46
GOODHUE, R. (2000): «Broiler Production Contracts as a Multi-agent Problem: Common Risk, Incentives and Heterogeneity», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 606-22
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GOODHUE, R., HEIEN, D., LEE, H., SUMNER, D. (2002): «Contract use widespread in wine grape industry», California Agriculture, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 97-102.
HOBBS, J., YOUNG, L. (2000): « Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply chains: a conceptual framework and some preliminary evidence», Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp.131-142
HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (1999): «Producer price risk and quality measurement», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 81, pp. 512-524.
HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (2001): «Agricultural markets as relative performance evaluation», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 318-328.
HUETH, B., MELKONIAN, T. (2004): «Multi-Tasking, Identity Preservation, and Contract Design in Agriculture», American Journal of Agricultural Economics , Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 842-847.
HUETH, B., LIGON, E., WOLF, S., WU, S. (1999): «Incentive Instruments in Fruit and Vegetable Contracts: Input Control, Monitoring, Measuring, and Price Risk,» Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 21, pp. 374-389.
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LEVIN, J. (2003): «Relational Incentive Contracts», The American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 835-857
LÓPEZ-BAYÓN, S., VENTURA VICTORIA, J. (2001): «La Subcontratación en la industria electrónica. Determinantes de la duración de los contratos», Economía Industrial, No. 341
MACNEIL, I.R. (1977-78): «Contracts: Adjustment or long-term economic relations under classical, neoclassical, and relational contract law», Northwestern University law reviews, Vol. 72, pp. 854-905
MACNEIL, I.R. (1978): Contracts-exchange, transaction and relations. Foundation Press: Mineola, NY
MASTEN, S.E. (1998): «A legal basis of the fi rm», Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Vol. 4, pp. 181-198
MÉNARD, C. (2002): «The Governance of Hybrid Organizations», LINKS Conference, Copenhagen, 1-2, November, 2002
MIGHELL, R.L., JONES, L.A. (1963): «Vertical Coordination in Agriculture». U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report, No. 19, February.
MONTAIGNE, E., SIDLOVITS, D. (2003): «Long Term Contracts and Quality in the Wine Supply Chain: Case of the Appellation «Vins des Sables du Golfe du Lion», 7th Annual Conference of the International Society for New Institutional Economics», Contracts and Organization, September 11-13, Budapest University of Economics, Budapest, Hungary
OCZKOWSKI, E. (2001): «Hedonic wine price functions and measurement error», The Economic Record, Vol. 77, No. 239, pp.374-382.
SCALES, W., CROSER, B., FREEBAIRN, J. (1995): Winegrape and Wine Industry in Australia, Report by the Committee of Inquiry into the Winegrape and Wine Industry, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
SHERSTYUK, K. (2000): «Performance standards and incentive pay in agency contracts», Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 725-736.
SWANN, M. (2002): «Contracting around the world», Australian Viticulture, November-December, pp.58-67.
TIROLE, J. (1999): «Incomplete contracts: where do we stand?». Econometrica, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 741-781.
TSOULOUHAS, T., VUKINA, T. (2001): «Regulating broiler contracts: Tournaments versus fi xed performance standards», American Journal of Agricultural Contracts, Vol. 83, No.4, pp. 1062-1073
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1975): Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, New York: Free Press
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1985): The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, Free Press: New York
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1996): The Mechanisms of Governance, Oxford University Press: New York
WOLF, S.B., HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (2001): «Policing mechanisms in agricultural contracts», Rural Sociology, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 359-381
ALLEN, D., LUECK, D. (2003): The Nature of the Farm: Contracts, Risk and Organization in Agriculture, MIT Press: Cambridge
ANDERSSON, H. (1995): «Primary and secondary producers: Economic implications of contracts in the food marketing chain», European Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 310-320.
BARCO, E., PINILLOS, M., NAVARRO, M.C. (2006): «Estrategias de diferenciación versus estrategias de tamaño», Cuaderno de Campo, No.34, pp.12-16.
BARZEL, Y. (1982): «Measurement Costs and the Organization of Markets,» Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 27-48.
BOGETOFT, P., OLESEN, H. (2002):»Ten rules of thumb in contract design: lessons from Danish agriculture», European Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 185-204
BRUNKE, H., MUELLER, R., SUMNER, D. (2008): «California Wine and the E.U. Wine Policy Reform», Agricultural Issues Center, University of California, No. 34, pp. 1-5.
CAMPBELL, G., GUIBERT, N. (20069: «Introduction: Old World Strategies against New World competition in a globalizing wine industry», British Food Journal, Vol.108, No. 4, pp. 233-242.
CHAMBERS, W. KING, R. (2002): «Changing Agricultural Markets: Industrialization and Vertical Coordination in the Dry Edible Bean Industry», Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 495-511.
CROCKER, K.J., MASTEN, S.C. (1991): Pretia ex machina? Prices and process in long-term contracts, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 34, pp. 270-300
DOWNEY, W. (1996): «The Challenge of Food and Agri Products Supply Chains», In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Chain Management in Agri-and Food Businesses, Conference held et Ede, Netherlands, 30-31, May, 1996
DRESCHER, K. (2000): «Assessing Aspects of Agricultural Contracts: An Application to German Agriculture», Agribusiness, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 385-398
DUBOIS, P., VUKINA, T. (2004): «Grower risk aversion and the cost of moral hazard in livestock production contracts», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 835-841.
FRASER, I. (2002): «Contractual Relations Between Wine Grape Growers and Wineries in Australia: Survey Results», Australian Viticulture, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 68-79
FRASER, I. (2003): «The Role of Contracts in Wine Grape Supply Coordination: An Overview», Agribusiness Review, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 1-16
FRASER, I. (2005): «Microeconomic analysis of wine grape supply contracts in Australia», The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 49, pp. 23-46
GOODHUE, R. (2000): «Broiler Production Contracts as a Multi-agent Problem: Common Risk, Incentives and Heterogeneity», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 606-22
GOODHUE, R., HEIEN, D., LEE, H., SUMNER, D. (1999): «Contract use in the California Winegrape Economy», AIC Issues Brief, 11.
GOODHUE, R., HEIEN, D., LEE, H., SUMNER, D. (2002): «Contract use widespread in wine grape industry», California Agriculture, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 97-102.
HOBBS, J., YOUNG, L. (2000): « Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply chains: a conceptual framework and some preliminary evidence», Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp.131-142
HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (1999): «Producer price risk and quality measurement», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 81, pp. 512-524.
HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (2001): «Agricultural markets as relative performance evaluation», American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 318-328.
HUETH, B., MELKONIAN, T. (2004): «Multi-Tasking, Identity Preservation, and Contract Design in Agriculture», American Journal of Agricultural Economics , Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 842-847.
HUETH, B., LIGON, E., WOLF, S., WU, S. (1999): «Incentive Instruments in Fruit and Vegetable Contracts: Input Control, Monitoring, Measuring, and Price Risk,» Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 21, pp. 374-389.
JOSKOW, P.L. (1987): « Contract Duration and Relationship –Specifi c Investments: Empirical Evidence from Coal Markets», The American Economic Review, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp.168-185
KLEIN, B., CRAWFORD, R., ALCHIAN, A. (1978): «Vertical integration, appropriable rents and the competitive contracting process», Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 297-326.
LEVIN, J. (2003): «Relational Incentive Contracts», The American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 835-857
LÓPEZ-BAYÓN, S., VENTURA VICTORIA, J. (2001): «La Subcontratación en la industria electrónica. Determinantes de la duración de los contratos», Economía Industrial, No. 341
MACNEIL, I.R. (1977-78): «Contracts: Adjustment or long-term economic relations under classical, neoclassical, and relational contract law», Northwestern University law reviews, Vol. 72, pp. 854-905
MACNEIL, I.R. (1978): Contracts-exchange, transaction and relations. Foundation Press: Mineola, NY
MASTEN, S.E. (1998): «A legal basis of the fi rm», Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Vol. 4, pp. 181-198
MÉNARD, C. (2002): «The Governance of Hybrid Organizations», LINKS Conference, Copenhagen, 1-2, November, 2002
MIGHELL, R.L., JONES, L.A. (1963): «Vertical Coordination in Agriculture». U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report, No. 19, February.
MONTAIGNE, E., SIDLOVITS, D. (2003): «Long Term Contracts and Quality in the Wine Supply Chain: Case of the Appellation «Vins des Sables du Golfe du Lion», 7th Annual Conference of the International Society for New Institutional Economics», Contracts and Organization, September 11-13, Budapest University of Economics, Budapest, Hungary
OCZKOWSKI, E. (2001): «Hedonic wine price functions and measurement error», The Economic Record, Vol. 77, No. 239, pp.374-382.
SCALES, W., CROSER, B., FREEBAIRN, J. (1995): Winegrape and Wine Industry in Australia, Report by the Committee of Inquiry into the Winegrape and Wine Industry, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
SHERSTYUK, K. (2000): «Performance standards and incentive pay in agency contracts», Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 725-736.
SWANN, M. (2002): «Contracting around the world», Australian Viticulture, November-December, pp.58-67.
TIROLE, J. (1999): «Incomplete contracts: where do we stand?». Econometrica, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 741-781.
TSOULOUHAS, T., VUKINA, T. (2001): «Regulating broiler contracts: Tournaments versus fi xed performance standards», American Journal of Agricultural Contracts, Vol. 83, No.4, pp. 1062-1073
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1975): Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, New York: Free Press
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1985): The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, Free Press: New York
WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1996): The Mechanisms of Governance, Oxford University Press: New York
WOLF, S.B., HUETH, B., LIGON, E. (2001): «Policing mechanisms in agricultural contracts», Rural Sociology, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 359-381
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