Measuring and evaluating occupational impact 4.0: an example in the food sector
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Published
14-04-2024
Jose Luis Lopez Carmona
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-7116
Abstract
This article presents the use of a proprietary and original methodology for the measurement and evaluation of the change in occupations and jobs because of the digitalization of companies. This procedure is the result of research that underpinned the author's doctoral thesis. By considering three dimensions and 10 indicators, the Occupational Impact 4.0 is calculated, which, individually and for each job, measures the degree and characteristics of the changes that occur in working conditions and qualifications because of the digitalization of the workplace in which it is located. In addition, an example of the application of the methodology in a plant for the production and packaging of consumer products, belonging to a multinational in the food sector, is presented.
How to Cite
Lopez Carmona, J. L. (2024). Measuring and evaluating occupational impact 4.0: an example in the food sector. Lan Harremanak. https://doi.org/10.1387/lan-harremanak.26027
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Keywords
Occupational Impact, Working Conditions, Digitalization, Fourth Industrial Revolution
References
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ANNOSI, María Carmela, BRUNETTA, Federica., BIMBO, Francesco., & KOSTOULA, Marianthi (2021). “Digitalization within food supply chains to prevent food waste”. Drivers, barriers and collaboration practices, En. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 93, pp. 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.01.005
ARANA-LANDÍN, Germán, LASKURAIN-ITURBE, Iker, ITURRATE, Mikel., & LANDETA-MANZANO, Beñat (2023). Assessing the influence of industry 4.0 technologies on occupational health and safety. Heliyon, 9(3), e13720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13720
AZTI. (2019). “Transformación digital: Reto para la industria alimentaria”. Disponible en https://www.azti.es/la-transformacion-digital-reto-pendiente-para-la-industria-alimentaria/
BARILE, Domenica, SECUNDO, Giustina, & DEL VECCHIO, Pasquale (2022). “Food 4.0 for competing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experimenting digitalization in family firms”, En. European Journal of Innovation Management. Emerald Group Publishing LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2022-0373
BATISTA-FOGUET, Joan Mamuel, COENDERS, Germà, & ALONSO, Jordi (2004). “Análisis factorial confirmatorio. Su utilidad en la validación de cuestionarios relacionados con la salud”. Medicina Clínica, 122, Número S1, pp. 21-27.
CEA D’ANCONA, María Ángeles. (2001). Metodología cuantitativa: Estrategias y técnicas de investigación social: 1. Síntesis.
CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL. (2019). Informe sobre la industria en España; propuestas para su desarrollo (Número 04/2019). http://www.ces.es/documents/10180/5209150/Inf0419.pdf
DONG, Yan, AHMAD, Sayed Fayad, IRSHAD, Muhammad, AL-RAZGAN, Muna, ALI, Yaser A., & AWWAD, Emad Marous (2023). “The Digitalization Paradigm: Impacts on Agri-Food Supply Chain Profitability and Sustainability”, En. Sustainability, Vol. 15, Número 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115627
ESTRADA, Bruno (2016). Disrupciones tecnológicas y empleo. Diagnóstico y propuestas. https://www.fundacionalternativas.org/recursos/disrupciones-tecnologicas-y-empleo-diagnostico-y-propuestas
EUROFOUND. (2018). Game changing technologies: Exploring the impact on production processes and work. Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea;
EUROFOUND. (2019). The future of manufacturing in Europe. Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea.
FERNÁNDEZ-MACÍAS, Enrique, & BISELLO, MARTINA. 2016. «A framework for measuring tasks across occupations». VoxEU.org. Recuperado 26 de marzo de 2024. (https://voxeu.org/article/framework-measuring-tasks-across-occupations).
GEORGE, Darren, & MALLERY, Paul (2002). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Allyn & Bacon
GIROTTO, Francesca, GALEAZZI, Andrea, MANENTI, Flavio, GUEGUEN, Sophie, & PIAZZA, Laura (2022). “Water-food-energy nexus: Assessing challenges in the trend toward digitalization: The case study of an Italian winemaking industry”, En. Enviromental Progress & Sustainble Energy. Vol. 41, Número 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13893
GRAU-NOGUER, Eduard, SUPPI, Remo RODRIGUEZ-SANZ, Maica, SERRATOSA, Jordi, BOLAO, Assun, LUNDEN, Janne, HAU, Patrick, de VASCONCELOS, Filipa Melo, ABERG, Riikka, BLOMGREN, Cecilia, LAMBERT, Michael, LEPPIK, Keidi, VAGSHOLM, Ivar, KAUTTO, Arja Helena, LUECKL, Johannes, ABELN-RICHTER, Sara, KAMPHAUSEN, Rolf, BAMMENS, Erno, GEORGIADES, Filippos, … PORTANA, Samuel (2023). “Digitalization and official food safety inspections at retail establishments”, En. Food Control, Vol. 154). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109950
HEIJS, Joost, MOLES, Gabriel, & IGLESIA-VILLASOL, María Covadonga (2015). El impacto de las innovaciones de producto y de proceso sobre el empleo industrial. Documento Trabajo IAIF No 97.
JORGE-VAZQUEZ, Javier, CHIVITE-CEBOLLA, Ma Peana, & SALINAS-RAMOS, Francisco (2021). “The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies”, En. Agriculture-Basel, Vol. 11, Número 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060514
KOSIOR, Katarzyna. (2022). “The advancement of digitalization processes in food industry enterprises in the European Union”. En Zagadnienia Eknomiki Rolnej, Vol. 371, Número 2, pp. 28-46. https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/146782
LAHERA SÁNCHEZ, Arturo. (2005). Enriquecer el Factor Humano: Vol. VI. Fundación de Investigaciones Marxistas.
LÓPEZ CARMONA, José Luis (2023a). “Más allá de la automatización. Impacto de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial sobre las condiciones de trabajo y la cualificación”. Sociología del Trabajo, 103, 29-42. https://doi.org/10.5209/stra.92439
LÓPEZ CARMONA, José Luis (2023b). Trabajar en la Industria 4.0. Medición del impacto ocupacional como consecuencia de la transformación digital de las empresas en el sector manufacturero español. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Tesis doctoral dirigida por Arturo Lahera Sánchez.
MARIC, Drazen, VUKMIROVIC, Goran, MARIC, Radenko, NUSEVA, Daniela, LEKOVIC, Ksenija, VUCENOVIC, Sonja, & TESTA, Ricardo (2024). “Analysis of Food Supply Chain Digitalization Opportunities in the Function of Sustainability of Food Placement in the Western Balkans Region”. En Sustainability, Vol. 16, Número 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010002
MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE. (2012). Manufacturing the future: The next era of global growth and innovation. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Operations/Our%20Insights/The%20future%20of%20manufacturing/MGI_Manufacturing%20the%20future_Executive%20summary_Nov%202012.pdf
MICHEL-VILLARREAL, Rosario, VILALTA-PERDOMO, Eliseo Luis, CANAVARI, Maurizio, & HINGLEY, Martin (2021). “Resilience and Digitalization in Short Food Supply Chains: A Case Study Approach”, En Sustainability, Vol. 13, Número 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115913
PÉREZ GIL, José Antonio, CHACÓN MOSCOSO, Salvador, & MORENO RODRÍGUEZ, Rafael (2000). “Validez de constructo: El uso de análisis factorial exploratorio-confirmatorio para obtener evidencias de validez”. Psicothema, 12(Su2). Disponible en https://www.psicothema.com/pdf/601.pdf
PÉREZ ZAPATA, Oscar, & ÁLVAREZ HERNÁNDEZ, Gloria (2021). “Empleo, trabajo y riesgos para la salud mental: Análisis y propuestas de intervención”. Panorama social, 34, 77-103.
PIHIR, Igor, TOMICIC-PUPEK, Katarina, & FURJAN, Martina Tomicic (2019). Digital transformation playground: Literature review and framework of concepts. https://doi.org/10.31341/jios.43.1.3
REJEB, Abderahman, REJEB, Karim, ABDOLLAHI, Alireza, ZAILANI, Suhaiza, IRANMANESH, Mohammad, & GHOBAKHLOO, Morteza (2022). “Digitalization in Food Supply Chains: A Bibliometric Review and Key-Route Main Path Analysis”, En. Sustainability, Vol. 14, Número 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010083
ROLAND BERGER (2015). The digital transformation of industry. www. rolandberger.com/publications/publication_pdf/roland_berger_ digital_transformation_of _industry_20150315. pdf
SCHNEIDER, Tanja, & ELI, Karin (2023). “The digital labor of ethical food consumption: A new research agenda for studying everyday food digitalization”, En. Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 40, Número 2, pp. 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10390-7
STOIAN, Mirela, DOBRE, Iuliana, POPESCU, Cristian George, COSMIN, Marius Vasile, DIMITRIU, Anton Theodor, & ION, Ana (2022). “Increasing sustainability of food production and ensuring human health through agriculture digitalization”, En. Ekonomika Poljoprivreda-economics of agriculture, Vol. 69, Número 4, pp. 1209-1223). https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj2204209S
VILALTA-PERDOMO, Eliseo, SALINAS-NAVARRO, David E., MICHEL-VILLARREAL, Rosario, & GARCIA BUSTAMANTE, Rocio (2023). “Digitalization of the Logistics Process in Short Food Supply Chains. An online Viable System Model application during the COVID-19 pandemic”, En. Systemic practice and Action Research, Vol. 36, Número 4, pp. 509-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-022-09619-7
ALVIRA MARTÍN, Francisco Ricardo, & AGUILAR, María José (2015). “La evaluación de intervenciones sociales: Proyectos, programas y políticas”, En. M. GARCÍA FERRANDO, F. ALVIRA MARTÍN, L. E. ALONSO, & M. ESCOBAR (Eds.), El análisis de la realidad social: Métodos y técnicas de investigación (pp. 270-294).
ANNOSI, María Carmela, BRUNETTA, Federica., BIMBO, Francesco., & KOSTOULA, Marianthi (2021). “Digitalization within food supply chains to prevent food waste”. Drivers, barriers and collaboration practices, En. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 93, pp. 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.01.005
ARANA-LANDÍN, Germán, LASKURAIN-ITURBE, Iker, ITURRATE, Mikel., & LANDETA-MANZANO, Beñat (2023). Assessing the influence of industry 4.0 technologies on occupational health and safety. Heliyon, 9(3), e13720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13720
AZTI. (2019). “Transformación digital: Reto para la industria alimentaria”. Disponible en https://www.azti.es/la-transformacion-digital-reto-pendiente-para-la-industria-alimentaria/
BARILE, Domenica, SECUNDO, Giustina, & DEL VECCHIO, Pasquale (2022). “Food 4.0 for competing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experimenting digitalization in family firms”, En. European Journal of Innovation Management. Emerald Group Publishing LTD. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2022-0373
BATISTA-FOGUET, Joan Mamuel, COENDERS, Germà, & ALONSO, Jordi (2004). “Análisis factorial confirmatorio. Su utilidad en la validación de cuestionarios relacionados con la salud”. Medicina Clínica, 122, Número S1, pp. 21-27.
CEA D’ANCONA, María Ángeles. (2001). Metodología cuantitativa: Estrategias y técnicas de investigación social: 1. Síntesis.
CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL. (2019). Informe sobre la industria en España; propuestas para su desarrollo (Número 04/2019). http://www.ces.es/documents/10180/5209150/Inf0419.pdf
DONG, Yan, AHMAD, Sayed Fayad, IRSHAD, Muhammad, AL-RAZGAN, Muna, ALI, Yaser A., & AWWAD, Emad Marous (2023). “The Digitalization Paradigm: Impacts on Agri-Food Supply Chain Profitability and Sustainability”, En. Sustainability, Vol. 15, Número 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115627
ESTRADA, Bruno (2016). Disrupciones tecnológicas y empleo. Diagnóstico y propuestas. https://www.fundacionalternativas.org/recursos/disrupciones-tecnologicas-y-empleo-diagnostico-y-propuestas
EUROFOUND. (2018). Game changing technologies: Exploring the impact on production processes and work. Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea;
EUROFOUND. (2019). The future of manufacturing in Europe. Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea.
FERNÁNDEZ-MACÍAS, Enrique, & BISELLO, MARTINA. 2016. «A framework for measuring tasks across occupations». VoxEU.org. Recuperado 26 de marzo de 2024. (https://voxeu.org/article/framework-measuring-tasks-across-occupations).
GEORGE, Darren, & MALLERY, Paul (2002). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Allyn & Bacon
GIROTTO, Francesca, GALEAZZI, Andrea, MANENTI, Flavio, GUEGUEN, Sophie, & PIAZZA, Laura (2022). “Water-food-energy nexus: Assessing challenges in the trend toward digitalization: The case study of an Italian winemaking industry”, En. Enviromental Progress & Sustainble Energy. Vol. 41, Número 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13893
GRAU-NOGUER, Eduard, SUPPI, Remo RODRIGUEZ-SANZ, Maica, SERRATOSA, Jordi, BOLAO, Assun, LUNDEN, Janne, HAU, Patrick, de VASCONCELOS, Filipa Melo, ABERG, Riikka, BLOMGREN, Cecilia, LAMBERT, Michael, LEPPIK, Keidi, VAGSHOLM, Ivar, KAUTTO, Arja Helena, LUECKL, Johannes, ABELN-RICHTER, Sara, KAMPHAUSEN, Rolf, BAMMENS, Erno, GEORGIADES, Filippos, … PORTANA, Samuel (2023). “Digitalization and official food safety inspections at retail establishments”, En. Food Control, Vol. 154). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109950
HEIJS, Joost, MOLES, Gabriel, & IGLESIA-VILLASOL, María Covadonga (2015). El impacto de las innovaciones de producto y de proceso sobre el empleo industrial. Documento Trabajo IAIF No 97.
JORGE-VAZQUEZ, Javier, CHIVITE-CEBOLLA, Ma Peana, & SALINAS-RAMOS, Francisco (2021). “The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies”, En. Agriculture-Basel, Vol. 11, Número 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060514
KOSIOR, Katarzyna. (2022). “The advancement of digitalization processes in food industry enterprises in the European Union”. En Zagadnienia Eknomiki Rolnej, Vol. 371, Número 2, pp. 28-46. https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/146782
LAHERA SÁNCHEZ, Arturo. (2005). Enriquecer el Factor Humano: Vol. VI. Fundación de Investigaciones Marxistas.
LÓPEZ CARMONA, José Luis (2023a). “Más allá de la automatización. Impacto de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial sobre las condiciones de trabajo y la cualificación”. Sociología del Trabajo, 103, 29-42. https://doi.org/10.5209/stra.92439
LÓPEZ CARMONA, José Luis (2023b). Trabajar en la Industria 4.0. Medición del impacto ocupacional como consecuencia de la transformación digital de las empresas en el sector manufacturero español. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Tesis doctoral dirigida por Arturo Lahera Sánchez.
MARIC, Drazen, VUKMIROVIC, Goran, MARIC, Radenko, NUSEVA, Daniela, LEKOVIC, Ksenija, VUCENOVIC, Sonja, & TESTA, Ricardo (2024). “Analysis of Food Supply Chain Digitalization Opportunities in the Function of Sustainability of Food Placement in the Western Balkans Region”. En Sustainability, Vol. 16, Número 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010002
MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE. (2012). Manufacturing the future: The next era of global growth and innovation. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Operations/Our%20Insights/The%20future%20of%20manufacturing/MGI_Manufacturing%20the%20future_Executive%20summary_Nov%202012.pdf
MICHEL-VILLARREAL, Rosario, VILALTA-PERDOMO, Eliseo Luis, CANAVARI, Maurizio, & HINGLEY, Martin (2021). “Resilience and Digitalization in Short Food Supply Chains: A Case Study Approach”, En Sustainability, Vol. 13, Número 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115913
PÉREZ GIL, José Antonio, CHACÓN MOSCOSO, Salvador, & MORENO RODRÍGUEZ, Rafael (2000). “Validez de constructo: El uso de análisis factorial exploratorio-confirmatorio para obtener evidencias de validez”. Psicothema, 12(Su2). Disponible en https://www.psicothema.com/pdf/601.pdf
PÉREZ ZAPATA, Oscar, & ÁLVAREZ HERNÁNDEZ, Gloria (2021). “Empleo, trabajo y riesgos para la salud mental: Análisis y propuestas de intervención”. Panorama social, 34, 77-103.
PIHIR, Igor, TOMICIC-PUPEK, Katarina, & FURJAN, Martina Tomicic (2019). Digital transformation playground: Literature review and framework of concepts. https://doi.org/10.31341/jios.43.1.3
REJEB, Abderahman, REJEB, Karim, ABDOLLAHI, Alireza, ZAILANI, Suhaiza, IRANMANESH, Mohammad, & GHOBAKHLOO, Morteza (2022). “Digitalization in Food Supply Chains: A Bibliometric Review and Key-Route Main Path Analysis”, En. Sustainability, Vol. 14, Número 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010083
ROLAND BERGER (2015). The digital transformation of industry. www. rolandberger.com/publications/publication_pdf/roland_berger_ digital_transformation_of _industry_20150315. pdf
SCHNEIDER, Tanja, & ELI, Karin (2023). “The digital labor of ethical food consumption: A new research agenda for studying everyday food digitalization”, En. Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 40, Número 2, pp. 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10390-7
STOIAN, Mirela, DOBRE, Iuliana, POPESCU, Cristian George, COSMIN, Marius Vasile, DIMITRIU, Anton Theodor, & ION, Ana (2022). “Increasing sustainability of food production and ensuring human health through agriculture digitalization”, En. Ekonomika Poljoprivreda-economics of agriculture, Vol. 69, Número 4, pp. 1209-1223). https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj2204209S
VILALTA-PERDOMO, Eliseo, SALINAS-NAVARRO, David E., MICHEL-VILLARREAL, Rosario, & GARCIA BUSTAMANTE, Rocio (2023). “Digitalization of the Logistics Process in Short Food Supply Chains. An online Viable System Model application during the COVID-19 pandemic”, En. Systemic practice and Action Research, Vol. 36, Número 4, pp. 509-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-022-09619-7
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