How to be impolite in ancient Greek: silencers and dismissals in Greek comedy
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Publicado
21-02-2022
Paola Dardano
Resumen
This paper examines impoliteness in ancient Greek, taking into account the linguistic structure of silencers and dismissals, their communicative functions and their gender distribution in three comedies by Aristophanes. Silencers and dismissals serve a number of different communicative goals: reinforcing disagreement, creating comic effect, and advancing the plot. We will analyse the possibilities that speakers have at their disposal to express them, and the interference that occurs with other speech acts that are conceptualised in a similar way.
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References
Austin, C., & S. D. Olson, 2004, Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae edited with Introduction and commentary, Oxford: OUP.
Bax, M., & D. Z. Kádár, 2012, Understanding historical (im)politeness, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bousfield, D., 2008, Impoliteness in Interaction, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bousfield, D., & M. A. Locher (eds.), 2008, Impoliteness in Language. Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brown, P., & S. C. Levinson, 1978, Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena, in: E. N. Goody (ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction, Cambridge: CUP, 56-311.
Brown, P., & S. C. Levinson, 1987, Politeness. Some universals in language usage, Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J., 1996, «Towards an anatomy of impoliteness», Journal of Pragmatics 25, 349-367.
Culpeper, J., 2005, «Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link», Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture 1, 35-72.
Culpeper, J., 2010a, «Conventionalised Impoliteness Formulae», Journal of Pragmatics 42, 3232-3245.
Culpeper, J., 2010b, «Researching Impoliteness and Rudeness: Issues and Definitions», EN M. Locher, S. L. Graham (eds.), Interpersonal Pragmatics, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 101-134.
Culpeper, J., 2011, Impoliteness. Using Language to Cause Offence, Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J., M. Haugh & D. Kádár (eds.), 2017, The Palgrave handbook of linguistic (im)politeness, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Culpeper, J., & D. Z. Kádár (eds.), 2010, Historical (im)politeness, Bern: Peter Lang.
Denizot, C., 2011, Donner des orders en grec ancient: étude linguistique des formes de l’injonction, Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses des Universités de Rouen et du Havre.
Denizot, C., 2012, «Impolite Orders in Ancient Greek: The οὐκ ἐρεῖς; type», Journal of Historical Pragmatics 13/1, 110-128.
Dickey, E., 1995, «Forms of Address and Conversational Language in Aristophanes and Menander», Mnemosyne 48, 257-271.
Dickey, E., 1996, Greek forms of address. From Herodotus to Lucian, Oxford: OUP.
Eelen, G., 2001, A Critique of Politeness Theories, Manchester: St. Jerome.
Ehlich, K., 1992, «On the historicity of politeness», en R. Watts, S. Ide, K. Ehlich (eds.), Politeness in language: studies in its history, Berlin – New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 71-107.
Fögen, Th., 2004, «Gender-specific communication in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. With a research bibliography», Historiographia Linguistica 31/1, 199-276.
Fögen, Th., 2010, «Female Speech», en E. J. Bakker (ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 311-326.
Holmes, J., 1995, Women, Men and Politeness, London, New York: Longman.
Kienpointner, M., 1997, «Varieties of rudeness: Types and functions of impolite utterances», Functions of Language 4/2, 251-287.
Leech, G.N., 1983, Principles of Pragmatics, London, New York: Longman.
Lloyd, M., 2006, «Sophocles in the light of face-threat Politeness Theory», en I. J. F. de Jong, A. Rijksbaron (eds.), Sophocles and the Greek language, Leiden – Boston: Brill, 225-239.
McDonald K., 2016, «The sociolinguistics of gender, social status and masculinity in Aristophanes», Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 2/2, 155-188.
Mills, S., 2003, Gender and Politeness, Cambridge: CUP.
Poccetti, P., 2014, «Politeness/Courtesy Expressions», EN G. Giannakis et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, vol. 3, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 112-114.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1990, Lysistrata, Warminster: Aris & Philips.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1995, «The language of Athenian women», en F. De Martino, A. H. Sommerstein (a cura di), Lo spettacolo delle voci, Parte II, Bari: Laterza, 61-85.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1998, Ecclesiazusae, Warminster: Aris & Philips.
Unceta Gómez L., 2018, «Gli studi sulla (s)cortesia linguistica in latino. Possibilità di analisi e proposte per il futuro», Studi e Saggi Linguistici 56/2, 9-37.
Watts, R. J., 2003, Politeness, Cambridge: CUP.
Willi, A., 2003, The languages of Aristophanes: Aspects of linguistic variation in Classical Attic Greek, Oxford: OUP.
Wilson, N. G., 2007, Aristophanis Fabulae, Recognovit Brevique Adnotatione Critica Instruxit, Tomus II, Oxford: Oxford Classical Texts.
Bax, M., & D. Z. Kádár, 2012, Understanding historical (im)politeness, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bousfield, D., 2008, Impoliteness in Interaction, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bousfield, D., & M. A. Locher (eds.), 2008, Impoliteness in Language. Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brown, P., & S. C. Levinson, 1978, Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena, in: E. N. Goody (ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction, Cambridge: CUP, 56-311.
Brown, P., & S. C. Levinson, 1987, Politeness. Some universals in language usage, Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J., 1996, «Towards an anatomy of impoliteness», Journal of Pragmatics 25, 349-367.
Culpeper, J., 2005, «Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link», Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture 1, 35-72.
Culpeper, J., 2010a, «Conventionalised Impoliteness Formulae», Journal of Pragmatics 42, 3232-3245.
Culpeper, J., 2010b, «Researching Impoliteness and Rudeness: Issues and Definitions», EN M. Locher, S. L. Graham (eds.), Interpersonal Pragmatics, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 101-134.
Culpeper, J., 2011, Impoliteness. Using Language to Cause Offence, Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J., M. Haugh & D. Kádár (eds.), 2017, The Palgrave handbook of linguistic (im)politeness, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Culpeper, J., & D. Z. Kádár (eds.), 2010, Historical (im)politeness, Bern: Peter Lang.
Denizot, C., 2011, Donner des orders en grec ancient: étude linguistique des formes de l’injonction, Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses des Universités de Rouen et du Havre.
Denizot, C., 2012, «Impolite Orders in Ancient Greek: The οὐκ ἐρεῖς; type», Journal of Historical Pragmatics 13/1, 110-128.
Dickey, E., 1995, «Forms of Address and Conversational Language in Aristophanes and Menander», Mnemosyne 48, 257-271.
Dickey, E., 1996, Greek forms of address. From Herodotus to Lucian, Oxford: OUP.
Eelen, G., 2001, A Critique of Politeness Theories, Manchester: St. Jerome.
Ehlich, K., 1992, «On the historicity of politeness», en R. Watts, S. Ide, K. Ehlich (eds.), Politeness in language: studies in its history, Berlin – New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 71-107.
Fögen, Th., 2004, «Gender-specific communication in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. With a research bibliography», Historiographia Linguistica 31/1, 199-276.
Fögen, Th., 2010, «Female Speech», en E. J. Bakker (ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 311-326.
Holmes, J., 1995, Women, Men and Politeness, London, New York: Longman.
Kienpointner, M., 1997, «Varieties of rudeness: Types and functions of impolite utterances», Functions of Language 4/2, 251-287.
Leech, G.N., 1983, Principles of Pragmatics, London, New York: Longman.
Lloyd, M., 2006, «Sophocles in the light of face-threat Politeness Theory», en I. J. F. de Jong, A. Rijksbaron (eds.), Sophocles and the Greek language, Leiden – Boston: Brill, 225-239.
McDonald K., 2016, «The sociolinguistics of gender, social status and masculinity in Aristophanes», Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 2/2, 155-188.
Mills, S., 2003, Gender and Politeness, Cambridge: CUP.
Poccetti, P., 2014, «Politeness/Courtesy Expressions», EN G. Giannakis et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, vol. 3, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 112-114.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1990, Lysistrata, Warminster: Aris & Philips.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1995, «The language of Athenian women», en F. De Martino, A. H. Sommerstein (a cura di), Lo spettacolo delle voci, Parte II, Bari: Laterza, 61-85.
Sommerstein, A. H., 1998, Ecclesiazusae, Warminster: Aris & Philips.
Unceta Gómez L., 2018, «Gli studi sulla (s)cortesia linguistica in latino. Possibilità di analisi e proposte per il futuro», Studi e Saggi Linguistici 56/2, 9-37.
Watts, R. J., 2003, Politeness, Cambridge: CUP.
Willi, A., 2003, The languages of Aristophanes: Aspects of linguistic variation in Classical Attic Greek, Oxford: OUP.
Wilson, N. G., 2007, Aristophanis Fabulae, Recognovit Brevique Adnotatione Critica Instruxit, Tomus II, Oxford: Oxford Classical Texts.
Sección
"New Insights into Politeness and Impoliteness"
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