Narrativa de las protagonistas trans en la teleserie Veneno
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Publicado
01-12-2021
Sergio Cobo-Durán
Sofía Otero-Escudero
Resumen
En este texto se estudia la construcción de las protagonistas trans en la teleserie Veneno (2020). Primero, se realiza un análisis semiótico de los personajes y su entorno centrado en tres niveles (persona, rol y actante). Posteriormente y tras una revisión bibliográfica se esboza una ficha de análisis que es aplicada en todos los episodios. Finalmente, se observan las características principales a través de un estudio apoyado en el análisis textual fílmico de escenas clave. Así, se concluye cómo la serie analizada, a excepción de ciertos aspectos positivos en el personaje de Valeria, perpetúa una construcción canónica del colectivo trans.
Cómo citar
Cobo Durán, S., & Otero Escudero, S. (2021). Narrativa de las protagonistas trans en la teleserie Veneno. ZER: Revista De Estudios De Comunicación = Komunikazio Ikasketen Aldizkaria, 26(51). https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.23007 (Original work published 30 de noviembre de 2021)
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Keywords
serie de televisión; trans; personajes; narrativa; Veneno, Series de televisión, Trans, personajes, narrativa, Veneno
References
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Baril, A. y Trevenen K. (2014). Exploring ableism and cisnormativity in the conceptualization of identity and sexuality ‘disorders’. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 11(1), 389-416.
Bernini, L. (2018). Las teorías queer. Una introducción. Barcelona: Egales.
Carter, J. (2014). Transition. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1–2), 235–237. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400145
Copier, L. y Steinbock, E. (2018). On not really being there: trans*presence/absence in Dallas Buyers Club, Feminist Media Studies, 18(5), 923-941. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1393833
Cotten, T. T. (2014). Surgery. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1–2), 205–207. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400028
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Dubrofsky, R. (2013). Jewishness, whiteness, and blackness on glee: Singing to the tune of postracism. Communication, Culture & Critique, 6, 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12002
Engdahl, U. (2014). Wrong body. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1-2), 267-269. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400226
Enke, A.F. (2012). Introduction Transfeminist Perspectives. En A.F. Enke (Ed.), Transfeminist Perspectives. In and beyond Transgender and Gender Studies. (pp.1-15). Temple University Press.
Fellner, A. (2017) Trans Television Culture. Queer Politics, Gender Fluidity, and Quality TV. Oceánide, 9.
Galofre, P. y Missé, M. (2015). Políticas trans. Una antología de textos desde los estudios trans norteamericanos. Barcelona-Madrid: Egales.
García, A. (2018). Tacones, siliconas, hormonas: Etnografía, teoría feminista y experiencia trans. Bogotá: Siglo del hombre editores.
Garner, T. (2014). Becoming. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1-2), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399515
Gillig, T.K., Rosenthal, E.L., Murphy, S.T. y Langrall, K. More than a Media Moment: The Influence of Televised Storylines on Viewers’ Attitudes toward Transgender People and Policies. Sex Roles, 78, 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0816-1
Green, E.R. (2006). Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 10(1-2), 231-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J155v10n01_12
Halberstam, J. (2005). In a queer time and place. Transgender bodies, subcultural lives. Nueva York-Londres: New York University Press.
Halberstam, J. (2016). Chapter 7. Transgender in a Global Frame. En Horlacher, S. (coord.), Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives (pp.165-187). Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Heath, S. (1981). Questions of Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.
Hooks, b. (1984). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press Classics.
Horak, L. (2018). Trans Studies. Feminist Media Histories, 4(2), 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2018.4.2.201
Keegan, C. M. (2013). Moving bodies: Sympathetic migrations in transgender narrativity. Genders, 57.
Keegan, C.M., Horak, L. y Steinbock, L. (2018). Cinematic/Trans*/Bodies Now (and Then, and to Come). Somatechnics, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3366/soma.2018.0233
Koch-Rein, A., Haschemi, E., y Verlinden, J. J. (2020). Representing trans: Visibility and its discontents. European Journal of English Studies, 24(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825577.2020.1730040
Kociemba, D. This isn't something I can fake”: Reactions to Glee's representations of disability. Transformative Works and Cultures, 5. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2010.0225
Lovelock, M. (2017). Call me Caitlyn: Making and making over the «authentic» transgender body in Anglo-American popular culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 26(6), 675-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1155978
Mckee, R. (2011). El guión. Story. Madrid: Alba editorial.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Nordmarken, S. (2014). Microaggressions. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quartely, 1(1-2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399812
Reitz, N. (2017). The Representation of Trans Women in Film and Television. Cinesthesia, 7(1).
Rodemeyer, L.M. (2018). Feminist and Transgender Tensions: An Inquiry into History, Methodological Paradigms, and Embodiment. En C.Fischer y L.Dolezal (coords.) New Feminist Perspectives on Embodiment (pp.103-123). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Sandercock, T. (2015). Transing the small screen: loving and hating transgender youth in Glee and Degrassi. Journal of Gender Studies, 24(4), 436-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2015.1021307
Sears, C. (2018). All that glitters: Trans-ing California's gold rush migrations. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 14, 383-402. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-2007-038
Seger, L. (2002). Cómo crear personajes inolvidables: guía práctica para el desarrollo de personajes en cine, televisión, publicidad, novelas y narraciones cortas. Madrid: Paidós Ibérica.
Seid, D. M. (2014). Reveal. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quartely, 1(1-2), 176-177.
Steinbock, E. (2016). Trans. En R.Hoogland, I. van der Tuin y N. Fleetwood (coords.), Gender: Sources,
Perspectives, Methodologies (pp.377-392). Farmington: Macmillan Reference USA.
Steinbock, E. (2019). Towards Trans Cinema. En K. L. Hole, D. Jelaca, E. A. Kaplan, y P. Petro (coords.), The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Gender (pp. 395-406). Londres-Nueva York: Routledge.
Stone, S. (1992). The Empire Strickes Back: A Posttransexual Manifesto. Camera Obscura. Feminism, culture, and media studies, 10(2), 150-176. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10-2_29-150
Stryker, S. (2006). (De)Subjugated Knowledges. An Introduction to Transgender Studies. En S. Stryker y S. Whittle (coords.), The Transgender Studies Reader (pp. 1-18). Nueva York: Routledge.
Stryker, S. (2013). Christine in the Cutting Room: Cinema, Surgery, and Celebrity in the Career of Christine Jorgensen. Department of Media, Music, Communication and Cultural Studies Public Lecture Series. Disponible en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlqJ8B9dKCs&t=951s
Stryker, S. (2017). Historia de lo trans – Las raíces de la revolución de hoy. Madrid: Continta Me Tienes.
Stryker, S. y Bettcher, T.M. (2016). Introduction. Trans/Feminisms. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 3(1-2), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-3334127
Young, I.M. (2005). Breasted experience: The look and the feeling. En I.M. Young (coord.). On female body experience: Throwing like a girl and other essays (pp.75-96). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Baril, A. y Trevenen K. (2014). Exploring ableism and cisnormativity in the conceptualization of identity and sexuality ‘disorders’. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 11(1), 389-416.
Bernini, L. (2018). Las teorías queer. Una introducción. Barcelona: Egales.
Carter, J. (2014). Transition. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1–2), 235–237. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400145
Copier, L. y Steinbock, E. (2018). On not really being there: trans*presence/absence in Dallas Buyers Club, Feminist Media Studies, 18(5), 923-941. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1393833
Cotten, T. T. (2014). Surgery. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1–2), 205–207. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400028
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Dubrofsky, R. (2013). Jewishness, whiteness, and blackness on glee: Singing to the tune of postracism. Communication, Culture & Critique, 6, 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12002
Engdahl, U. (2014). Wrong body. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1-2), 267-269. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400226
Enke, A.F. (2012). Introduction Transfeminist Perspectives. En A.F. Enke (Ed.), Transfeminist Perspectives. In and beyond Transgender and Gender Studies. (pp.1-15). Temple University Press.
Fellner, A. (2017) Trans Television Culture. Queer Politics, Gender Fluidity, and Quality TV. Oceánide, 9.
Galofre, P. y Missé, M. (2015). Políticas trans. Una antología de textos desde los estudios trans norteamericanos. Barcelona-Madrid: Egales.
García, A. (2018). Tacones, siliconas, hormonas: Etnografía, teoría feminista y experiencia trans. Bogotá: Siglo del hombre editores.
Garner, T. (2014). Becoming. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1-2), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399515
Gillig, T.K., Rosenthal, E.L., Murphy, S.T. y Langrall, K. More than a Media Moment: The Influence of Televised Storylines on Viewers’ Attitudes toward Transgender People and Policies. Sex Roles, 78, 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0816-1
Green, E.R. (2006). Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 10(1-2), 231-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J155v10n01_12
Halberstam, J. (2005). In a queer time and place. Transgender bodies, subcultural lives. Nueva York-Londres: New York University Press.
Halberstam, J. (2016). Chapter 7. Transgender in a Global Frame. En Horlacher, S. (coord.), Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives (pp.165-187). Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Heath, S. (1981). Questions of Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.
Hooks, b. (1984). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press Classics.
Horak, L. (2018). Trans Studies. Feminist Media Histories, 4(2), 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2018.4.2.201
Keegan, C. M. (2013). Moving bodies: Sympathetic migrations in transgender narrativity. Genders, 57.
Keegan, C.M., Horak, L. y Steinbock, L. (2018). Cinematic/Trans*/Bodies Now (and Then, and to Come). Somatechnics, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3366/soma.2018.0233
Koch-Rein, A., Haschemi, E., y Verlinden, J. J. (2020). Representing trans: Visibility and its discontents. European Journal of English Studies, 24(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825577.2020.1730040
Kociemba, D. This isn't something I can fake”: Reactions to Glee's representations of disability. Transformative Works and Cultures, 5. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2010.0225
Lovelock, M. (2017). Call me Caitlyn: Making and making over the «authentic» transgender body in Anglo-American popular culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 26(6), 675-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1155978
Mckee, R. (2011). El guión. Story. Madrid: Alba editorial.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Nordmarken, S. (2014). Microaggressions. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quartely, 1(1-2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399812
Reitz, N. (2017). The Representation of Trans Women in Film and Television. Cinesthesia, 7(1).
Rodemeyer, L.M. (2018). Feminist and Transgender Tensions: An Inquiry into History, Methodological Paradigms, and Embodiment. En C.Fischer y L.Dolezal (coords.) New Feminist Perspectives on Embodiment (pp.103-123). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Sandercock, T. (2015). Transing the small screen: loving and hating transgender youth in Glee and Degrassi. Journal of Gender Studies, 24(4), 436-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2015.1021307
Sears, C. (2018). All that glitters: Trans-ing California's gold rush migrations. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 14, 383-402. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-2007-038
Seger, L. (2002). Cómo crear personajes inolvidables: guía práctica para el desarrollo de personajes en cine, televisión, publicidad, novelas y narraciones cortas. Madrid: Paidós Ibérica.
Seid, D. M. (2014). Reveal. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quartely, 1(1-2), 176-177.
Steinbock, E. (2016). Trans. En R.Hoogland, I. van der Tuin y N. Fleetwood (coords.), Gender: Sources,
Perspectives, Methodologies (pp.377-392). Farmington: Macmillan Reference USA.
Steinbock, E. (2019). Towards Trans Cinema. En K. L. Hole, D. Jelaca, E. A. Kaplan, y P. Petro (coords.), The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Gender (pp. 395-406). Londres-Nueva York: Routledge.
Stone, S. (1992). The Empire Strickes Back: A Posttransexual Manifesto. Camera Obscura. Feminism, culture, and media studies, 10(2), 150-176. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10-2_29-150
Stryker, S. (2006). (De)Subjugated Knowledges. An Introduction to Transgender Studies. En S. Stryker y S. Whittle (coords.), The Transgender Studies Reader (pp. 1-18). Nueva York: Routledge.
Stryker, S. (2013). Christine in the Cutting Room: Cinema, Surgery, and Celebrity in the Career of Christine Jorgensen. Department of Media, Music, Communication and Cultural Studies Public Lecture Series. Disponible en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlqJ8B9dKCs&t=951s
Stryker, S. (2017). Historia de lo trans – Las raíces de la revolución de hoy. Madrid: Continta Me Tienes.
Stryker, S. y Bettcher, T.M. (2016). Introduction. Trans/Feminisms. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 3(1-2), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-3334127
Young, I.M. (2005). Breasted experience: The look and the feeling. En I.M. Young (coord.). On female body experience: Throwing like a girl and other essays (pp.75-96). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
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