Euskal Telebista, the Basque public television company: entertainment as a core factor for minority language audiovisual media.
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Published
30-11-2022
Itziar Azpeitia Iruretagoiena
Abstract
The television landscape is undergoing tremendous and rapid changes. In this context public broadcasters are having great difficulties to fulfil their commitment to the public they serve. This task is even harder for those entities related to minority cultures and languages. In this paper we identify some of the ways in which entertainment content can contribute to fulfilling the missions of these types of companies. We will mainly focus on the Basque Public TV, Euskal Telebista, but the results and conclusions drawn can be applied to other public service media companies of similar types, too.
How to Cite
Azpeitia Iruretagoiena, I. (2022). Euskal Telebista, the Basque public television company: entertainment as a core factor for minority language audiovisual media. ZER - Journal of Communication Studies, 27(53), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.23310
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Keywords
Basque Television, Public Television, Entertainment, Minority Languages, Audiovisual Media, Euskal Telebista
References
Bibliography
Accenture - FORTA (2012). Informe sobre el papel de la Televisión Pública Autonómica en España.
Amezaga, J., Arana, E., Narbaiza, B. and Azpillaga, P. (2013). The Public Sphere and Normalization of Minority Languages. An Analysis of Basque Television in Light of Other Experiences in Europe. Trípodos,32, 93-111.
Arana, E. (2011). Estrategias de programación televisiva. Madrid: Sintesis.
Arriaza, K., Nowak, E., & Kuhn, R. (Eds.) (2015). Public Service Media in Europe: A Comparative Approach. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
Azpeitia, I. (2012). Euskal Telebista (Autonomous Public Television). Cultural identity, programming and programmes. Entertainment formats / Paper presented at XV Forum for Iberian Studies. National Identities at the Intersection: Literature and visual media. Oxford University. Oxford, UK. June 2012.
Azpeitia, I. (2016). TV Entertainment and the Basque Public Television, Euskal Telebista, in the digital era: Reflections about entertainment audiovisual content in Basque. Paper presented at DIGITARO – Euskarazko Komunikazioaren Nazioarteko II. Biltzarra. Bilbo, October 2016.
Azpeitia, I. (2019). Beyond negativity on television entertainment: positive perspectives and research on its contribution to public television. Additional analysis: the Basque night-show magazine Sorginen Laratza at Euskal Telebista. Doctoral Thesis. UPV/EHU. Leioa, Bizkaia. URI: https://addi.ehu.es/handle/10810/38589
Azpeitia, I. (2019b). Audiovisual content in Basque: TV matters in the digital era. Paper presented at Crowded out or limitless horizons? Minority language media in the digital age. University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. October 2019.
Azpeitia, I. (2020a). Research on Television: a Proposal for a Multidisciplinary Method. Comunicación y Métodos | Communication & Methods, 2(1),141-161. doi:10.35951/v2i1.72
Azpeitia, I. (2020b). Diseño y desarrollo de un método mixto y multidisciplinar para el estudio de la televisión. Paper presented at COIME 2020, VII. Congreso Internacional de Metodologías en Investigación de la Comunicación. UCM. November 2020.
Azpeitia, I. (2021a). Public broadcasting and minority languages in the current audio-visual context: facing new challenges and seeking opportunities in the new media ecosystem. Paper presented at ICML XVIII – 18th International Conference on Minority Languages. Bilbao, March 2021.
Azpeitia, I. (2021b). Un método mixto y multidisciplinar para el estudio de los programas de entretenimiento y la televisión pública. In Herramientas metodológicas para el estudio de la comunicación. Raul Eguizábal e Isidro Jiménez (Eds.). Fragua, Madrid 2021
BBC (2021). The BBC’s response to Ofcom’s ‘Small Screen: Big Debate’ consultation on the Future of Public Service Broadcasting. 16 March 2021.
Bennet, J. and Strange, N. (Eds.) (2012). Television as digital media. Durhman and London: Duke University Press.
Bignell, J. (2013). An Introduction to Television Studies. Third edition. London, New York: Routledge.
Blumler, J. G. and Katz, E. (Eds.) (1974). The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research. London: Sage.
Castells, M. (2010). The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. Volume II. UK: Blackwell.
Chalaby, J. K. (2013). Reflection i: Transnational TV Formats: Making the Local Visible and the Global Invisible. Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies, 8 (2), 54-56.
Chalaby, J. K. (2016). The Format Age. Television’s Entertainment Revolution. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
CIRCOM (2014). The Importance of Regional Public Service Media. A strategic view of the role of regional public media in Europe.
CIRCOM, European Association of Regional Television. November, 2014.
Cormack, M. and Hourigan, N. (Eds.) 2007. Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques and Case Studies. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Cooper, W. (2015). Why we watch television. informitv/Sony Professional Solutions Europe.
Deirdre, K. (2015). Snapshot: Regional and local television in Spain. European Audiovisual Observatory.
EBU-UER (2007). ESCORT 2007 – EBU System of Classification of Radio and Television Programmes. Geneva – October 2007.
EBU-MIS (2015) Public Service Media. Contribution to Society. Switzerland: Media Intelligence Service.
EBU-MIS (2021a). Market Insights. Public Service Media’s Competitive Environment. European Broadcasting Union - Media Intelligence Service. February 2021.
EBU-MIS (2021b). How Public Service Media Deliver Value. European Broadcasting Union - Media Intelligence Service. December 2021
EITB. Various documents and reports. https://www.eitb.eus/es/grupo-eitb/transparencia/
Esser, A. (2014). European Television Programming: Exemplifying and Theorizing Glocalization in the Media. In Roland Robertson (Ed.), European Glocalization in Global Context (pp. 82 – 102). Palgrave MacMillan.
Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco (2003). Libro Blanco del Sector Audiovisual en Euskadi. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza.
Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco (2005). Basque Plan For Culture. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia - Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2019). VI. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa 2016. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2020). CCIs in the Basque Country. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Kultura eta Hizkuntza Politika Saila.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2021). Agenda Estratégica del Euskera 2021-2024. Eusko Jaurlaritza – Kultura eta Hizkuntza Politika Saila.
FORTA - USC (2021). Informe Corporativo 2020-2021. Estudio de la situación y tendencias de los medios audiovisuales públicos europeos ante la sociedad digital.
Garitaonandia, C. and Casado, M.A. (2007). Television to Save a Language and a Culture: The Basque Case. In Fuller L.K. (Eds.) The Power of Global Community Media. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Iosifidis, P. (2012). Public Television in the Digital Era. London: Palgrave-macmillan.
Kulturaren Euskal Behatokia-Observatorio Vasco de la cultura & Eusko Jaurlaritza-Gobierno Vasco (2018c). Conceptual delimitation and definition of the CCI sectors in BASQUE COUNTRY.
Larrinaga, A. (2019). Euskal Telebistaren Sorrera, Garapen eta Funtzioa Euskararen Normalizazioaren Testuinguruan. Doctoral Thesis. UPV/EHU. Leioa – Bizkaia.
Longhurst, B., Smith, G., Bagnall, G., Crawford, G. and Ogborn, M. (2017). Introducing Cultural Studies. Third edition. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
Lusted, D. (1998). The Popular Culture Debate and Light Entertainment in Television. In Christine Geraghty and David Lusted (Eds.), The Television Studies Book (pp. 175-190). London: Edward Arnold.
McQuail, D., Blumler, J. and Brown, J. (1972). The television audience: A revised perspective. In Denis McQuail (Ed.), Sociology of mass communications (pp. 135–165). Middlesex, England: Penguin.
Miguel, J. C., Garitaonandia, C., Peña, S. y Casado, M.A. (2021). Mecanismos de participación ciudadana en la reforma de EITB en el contexto europeo. In Participación ciudadana y medios de comunicación públicos 1. Javier Marzal-Felici, Carlos López-Olano y María Soler-Campillo (editores) pp. 295 - 312. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades.
Miller, T. (2010). Television Studies: The Basics. London and New York: Routledge.
Miller, T. and McHoul, A.W. (1998). Popular Culture and Everyday Life. London, California, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Moragas de, M., Garitaonandia, C. and López, B. (1999). Television on Your Doorstep. Decentralization Experiences in the European Union. Luton: University of Luton Press.
Moran, A. and Keane, M. (2006). Cultural Power in International TV Format Markets. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 20 (1) , 71-86
Moran, A. (2005). Copycat TV: Globalisation, Program Formats and Cultural Identity. Luton, UK: University of Luton Press.
Moran, A. (2006). Understanding The Global TV Format. Bristol, UK: Intellect.
Moran, A. (2009). TV Formats Worldwide: Localizing Global Programs. Intellect.
Morley, D. (1986). Family television. Cultural power and domestic leisure. London: Routledge.
Morley, D. (1992). Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge.
Newcomb, H. (1974). TV: The Most Popular Art. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday Anchor.
Ofcom (2020). Small Screen: Big Debate – a five-year review of Public Service Broadcasting (2014-18). 27 February 2020.
Ofcom (2021). Small Screen: Big Debate. Recommendations to Government on the Future of Public Service Media. Statement published 15 July 2021.
Pavón, A. and Zuberogoitia, A. (2013). Multilingual Practice of the EITB Group and its TV Provision for Teenagers. In Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed (Eds.), Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries (pp. 224 – 236). UK, USA, Canada (Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto): Multilingual Matters.
Ruddock, A. (2002). Uses and Gratifications Research. In Toby Miller (Ed.), Television Studies (pp. 70-73). London: British Film Institute.
Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century. Mass Communication & Society, 3 (1), 3-37.
Sigismondi, P. (2012). The Digital Glocalization of Entertainment. New Paradigms in the 21st Century Global Mediascape. New York: Springer.
Straubhaar, J. (2007). World Television. From Global to local. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: SAGE.
S4C (2021). S4C’s response to “Small Screen: Big Debate” Ofcom’s Consultation on the Future of Public Service Media. 16 March 2021.
Thinkbox (2013). Screen Life: TV in demand.
Thinkbox (2018). The Age of Television.
Túñez, M., Rodriguez, M. and Campos F. (Eds.) (2021). The Values of Public Service Media in the Internet Society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wang, G., Servaes, J. and Goonasekera, A. (2002). The New Communications Landscape. Demystifying Media Globalization. London, New York: Routledge.
Williams, R. (1963). Culture and Society 1780-1950. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Williams, R. (1974). Television: Technology and cultural form. London: Wesleyan University Press.
Zallo, R. (2006). Basques, today. Culture, history and society in the age of diversity and knowledge. Alberdania.
Accenture - FORTA (2012). Informe sobre el papel de la Televisión Pública Autonómica en España.
Amezaga, J., Arana, E., Narbaiza, B. and Azpillaga, P. (2013). The Public Sphere and Normalization of Minority Languages. An Analysis of Basque Television in Light of Other Experiences in Europe. Trípodos,32, 93-111.
Arana, E. (2011). Estrategias de programación televisiva. Madrid: Sintesis.
Arriaza, K., Nowak, E., & Kuhn, R. (Eds.) (2015). Public Service Media in Europe: A Comparative Approach. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
Azpeitia, I. (2012). Euskal Telebista (Autonomous Public Television). Cultural identity, programming and programmes. Entertainment formats / Paper presented at XV Forum for Iberian Studies. National Identities at the Intersection: Literature and visual media. Oxford University. Oxford, UK. June 2012.
Azpeitia, I. (2016). TV Entertainment and the Basque Public Television, Euskal Telebista, in the digital era: Reflections about entertainment audiovisual content in Basque. Paper presented at DIGITARO – Euskarazko Komunikazioaren Nazioarteko II. Biltzarra. Bilbo, October 2016.
Azpeitia, I. (2019). Beyond negativity on television entertainment: positive perspectives and research on its contribution to public television. Additional analysis: the Basque night-show magazine Sorginen Laratza at Euskal Telebista. Doctoral Thesis. UPV/EHU. Leioa, Bizkaia. URI: https://addi.ehu.es/handle/10810/38589
Azpeitia, I. (2019b). Audiovisual content in Basque: TV matters in the digital era. Paper presented at Crowded out or limitless horizons? Minority language media in the digital age. University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. October 2019.
Azpeitia, I. (2020a). Research on Television: a Proposal for a Multidisciplinary Method. Comunicación y Métodos | Communication & Methods, 2(1),141-161. doi:10.35951/v2i1.72
Azpeitia, I. (2020b). Diseño y desarrollo de un método mixto y multidisciplinar para el estudio de la televisión. Paper presented at COIME 2020, VII. Congreso Internacional de Metodologías en Investigación de la Comunicación. UCM. November 2020.
Azpeitia, I. (2021a). Public broadcasting and minority languages in the current audio-visual context: facing new challenges and seeking opportunities in the new media ecosystem. Paper presented at ICML XVIII – 18th International Conference on Minority Languages. Bilbao, March 2021.
Azpeitia, I. (2021b). Un método mixto y multidisciplinar para el estudio de los programas de entretenimiento y la televisión pública. In Herramientas metodológicas para el estudio de la comunicación. Raul Eguizábal e Isidro Jiménez (Eds.). Fragua, Madrid 2021
BBC (2021). The BBC’s response to Ofcom’s ‘Small Screen: Big Debate’ consultation on the Future of Public Service Broadcasting. 16 March 2021.
Bennet, J. and Strange, N. (Eds.) (2012). Television as digital media. Durhman and London: Duke University Press.
Bignell, J. (2013). An Introduction to Television Studies. Third edition. London, New York: Routledge.
Blumler, J. G. and Katz, E. (Eds.) (1974). The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research. London: Sage.
Castells, M. (2010). The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. Volume II. UK: Blackwell.
Chalaby, J. K. (2013). Reflection i: Transnational TV Formats: Making the Local Visible and the Global Invisible. Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies, 8 (2), 54-56.
Chalaby, J. K. (2016). The Format Age. Television’s Entertainment Revolution. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
CIRCOM (2014). The Importance of Regional Public Service Media. A strategic view of the role of regional public media in Europe.
CIRCOM, European Association of Regional Television. November, 2014.
Cormack, M. and Hourigan, N. (Eds.) 2007. Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques and Case Studies. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Cooper, W. (2015). Why we watch television. informitv/Sony Professional Solutions Europe.
Deirdre, K. (2015). Snapshot: Regional and local television in Spain. European Audiovisual Observatory.
EBU-UER (2007). ESCORT 2007 – EBU System of Classification of Radio and Television Programmes. Geneva – October 2007.
EBU-MIS (2015) Public Service Media. Contribution to Society. Switzerland: Media Intelligence Service.
EBU-MIS (2021a). Market Insights. Public Service Media’s Competitive Environment. European Broadcasting Union - Media Intelligence Service. February 2021.
EBU-MIS (2021b). How Public Service Media Deliver Value. European Broadcasting Union - Media Intelligence Service. December 2021
EITB. Various documents and reports. https://www.eitb.eus/es/grupo-eitb/transparencia/
Esser, A. (2014). European Television Programming: Exemplifying and Theorizing Glocalization in the Media. In Roland Robertson (Ed.), European Glocalization in Global Context (pp. 82 – 102). Palgrave MacMillan.
Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco (2003). Libro Blanco del Sector Audiovisual en Euskadi. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza.
Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco (2005). Basque Plan For Culture. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia - Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2019). VI. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa 2016. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2020). CCIs in the Basque Country. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Kultura eta Hizkuntza Politika Saila.
Eusko Jaurlaritza – Gobierno Vasco (2021). Agenda Estratégica del Euskera 2021-2024. Eusko Jaurlaritza – Kultura eta Hizkuntza Politika Saila.
FORTA - USC (2021). Informe Corporativo 2020-2021. Estudio de la situación y tendencias de los medios audiovisuales públicos europeos ante la sociedad digital.
Garitaonandia, C. and Casado, M.A. (2007). Television to Save a Language and a Culture: The Basque Case. In Fuller L.K. (Eds.) The Power of Global Community Media. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Iosifidis, P. (2012). Public Television in the Digital Era. London: Palgrave-macmillan.
Kulturaren Euskal Behatokia-Observatorio Vasco de la cultura & Eusko Jaurlaritza-Gobierno Vasco (2018c). Conceptual delimitation and definition of the CCI sectors in BASQUE COUNTRY.
Larrinaga, A. (2019). Euskal Telebistaren Sorrera, Garapen eta Funtzioa Euskararen Normalizazioaren Testuinguruan. Doctoral Thesis. UPV/EHU. Leioa – Bizkaia.
Longhurst, B., Smith, G., Bagnall, G., Crawford, G. and Ogborn, M. (2017). Introducing Cultural Studies. Third edition. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
Lusted, D. (1998). The Popular Culture Debate and Light Entertainment in Television. In Christine Geraghty and David Lusted (Eds.), The Television Studies Book (pp. 175-190). London: Edward Arnold.
McQuail, D., Blumler, J. and Brown, J. (1972). The television audience: A revised perspective. In Denis McQuail (Ed.), Sociology of mass communications (pp. 135–165). Middlesex, England: Penguin.
Miguel, J. C., Garitaonandia, C., Peña, S. y Casado, M.A. (2021). Mecanismos de participación ciudadana en la reforma de EITB en el contexto europeo. In Participación ciudadana y medios de comunicación públicos 1. Javier Marzal-Felici, Carlos López-Olano y María Soler-Campillo (editores) pp. 295 - 312. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades.
Miller, T. (2010). Television Studies: The Basics. London and New York: Routledge.
Miller, T. and McHoul, A.W. (1998). Popular Culture and Everyday Life. London, California, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Moragas de, M., Garitaonandia, C. and López, B. (1999). Television on Your Doorstep. Decentralization Experiences in the European Union. Luton: University of Luton Press.
Moran, A. and Keane, M. (2006). Cultural Power in International TV Format Markets. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 20 (1) , 71-86
Moran, A. (2005). Copycat TV: Globalisation, Program Formats and Cultural Identity. Luton, UK: University of Luton Press.
Moran, A. (2006). Understanding The Global TV Format. Bristol, UK: Intellect.
Moran, A. (2009). TV Formats Worldwide: Localizing Global Programs. Intellect.
Morley, D. (1986). Family television. Cultural power and domestic leisure. London: Routledge.
Morley, D. (1992). Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge.
Newcomb, H. (1974). TV: The Most Popular Art. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday Anchor.
Ofcom (2020). Small Screen: Big Debate – a five-year review of Public Service Broadcasting (2014-18). 27 February 2020.
Ofcom (2021). Small Screen: Big Debate. Recommendations to Government on the Future of Public Service Media. Statement published 15 July 2021.
Pavón, A. and Zuberogoitia, A. (2013). Multilingual Practice of the EITB Group and its TV Provision for Teenagers. In Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed (Eds.), Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries (pp. 224 – 236). UK, USA, Canada (Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto): Multilingual Matters.
Ruddock, A. (2002). Uses and Gratifications Research. In Toby Miller (Ed.), Television Studies (pp. 70-73). London: British Film Institute.
Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century. Mass Communication & Society, 3 (1), 3-37.
Sigismondi, P. (2012). The Digital Glocalization of Entertainment. New Paradigms in the 21st Century Global Mediascape. New York: Springer.
Straubhaar, J. (2007). World Television. From Global to local. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: SAGE.
S4C (2021). S4C’s response to “Small Screen: Big Debate” Ofcom’s Consultation on the Future of Public Service Media. 16 March 2021.
Thinkbox (2013). Screen Life: TV in demand.
Thinkbox (2018). The Age of Television.
Túñez, M., Rodriguez, M. and Campos F. (Eds.) (2021). The Values of Public Service Media in the Internet Society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wang, G., Servaes, J. and Goonasekera, A. (2002). The New Communications Landscape. Demystifying Media Globalization. London, New York: Routledge.
Williams, R. (1963). Culture and Society 1780-1950. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Williams, R. (1974). Television: Technology and cultural form. London: Wesleyan University Press.
Zallo, R. (2006). Basques, today. Culture, history and society in the age of diversity and knowledge. Alberdania.
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