Hominoideoen analisi filogenomikoa: sei tximu espezietan hautespen positiboa detektatzeko azterketa eta portaera-azalpen posibleak

Abstract

Primates are mammals that exhibit extreme ethological and biological diversity, including some of the genetically best-known animals, thanks to their comparative genomics. This has in some cases allowed us to understand when positive selection has been given. In primates, positive selection signals have been identified in genes related to sensory reception, metabolism, immunology, and reproduction. Thus, the purpose of this research has been to conduct a phylogenomic analysis of hominoids to detect selection in this phylogenetic group. Using more than half a million transcripts of nine primate-species, orthologues have been inferred, a species tree has been constructed, gene trees have been selected, and a selection test has been applied on these genes. Thus, for five hominoid genes (ZP1, OR4D5, GPR151, PP1R3A, and HTR1B), positive selection has been concluded to be given (BRANCH and BRANCH-SITES, p 0.05). ZP1 is linked to reproduction; OR4D5 is one of the genes that allows perception of smell; GPR151 is linked to nociception; HTR1B participates in serotonin reception; and PP1R3A is related to energetic metabolism. In this study, we have attempted to find a sense proposal to explain the signals of positive selection in these genes, in those species which have significantly been selected. Looking to the future, it would be very interesting to develop automated analysis methods to try to detect the signs of selection even in genes that shew gene tree-species tree discordance, and to understand the adaptive processes that this group of primates have undergone. At the same time, in order to accept the established hypotheses, we propose a more numerous ethological studies.