Basque as a language with intermediate rhythm in the isosyllabic-isomoraic continuum: A comparison with Spanish and Japanese
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Published
04-03-2021
Sergio Robles-Puente
Abstract
The current study employs multiple techniques (C%, V%, DC, DV, nPVI C, nPVI V, Varco DC, Varco DV) designed to detect rhythmic similarities and differences in order to compare the linguistic rhythm of Basque to those of Spanish and Japanese. The analysis of the productions of 24 Spanish/Basque bilinguals (twelve with Basque as their L1 and twelve as their L2), and nine native speakers of Japanese revealed that, although Spanish and Basque have generally been considered syllable-timed languages, the latter resembles moraic languages due to the length and variability of its vocalic intervals. At the same time, the similarities of the rhythmic properties of the euskaldunberri speakers (Basque as L2) and the euskaldunzaharra speakers (Basque as L1) suggest that inter-linguistic rhythmic transfers are not noticeable and that rhythmic characteristic in Spanish and Basque are connected to their respective syllabic preferences and not to phonological or phonetic processes implemented by the speakers.
How to Cite
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2021. “Basque As a Language With Intermediate Rhythm in the Isosyllabic-Isomoraic Continuum: A Comparison With Spanish and Japanese”. Anuario Del Seminario De Filología Vasca "Julio De Urquijo" 53 (1/2):107-26. https://doi.org/10.1387/asju.22413.
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References
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Arvaniti, Amalia. 2009. Rhythm, timing and the timing of rhythm. Phonetica 66. 46-63.
Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1988. Reflections on the dichotomy ‘stress’ vs. ‘syllable-timing’. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica 2. 59-84.
Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2018. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [software]. http://www.praat.org/.
Brown, Jason & Sam Mandal. 2013. Rhythm, metrics, and the link to phonology. In Sarvnaz Karimi & Karin Verspoor (eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop (ALTA 2013), 112-117. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology.
Carter, Phillip M. 2005. Quantifying rhythmic differences between Spanish, English, and Hispanic English. In Randall Gess & Edward J. Rubin (eds.), Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 34th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, 63-75. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
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Dauer, Richard. 1983. Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed. Journal of Phonetics 11. 51-62.
Dellwo, Volher, Adrian Fourcin & Evelyn Abberton. 2007. Rhythmical classification based on voice parameters. In Jurgen Trouvain & William J. Barry (eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1129-1132. Saarbrucken: Universitat des Saarlandes.
Donegan, Patricia. 1993. R hythm and vocalic drift in Munda and Mon-Khmer. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 16(1). 1-43.
Gago, Clara. 2018. El ritmo lingüístico del español en el País Vasco y el euskera. Manuscrito inédito, West Virginia University.
Grabe, Esther, Brechtje Post & Ian Watson. 1999. The acquisition of rhythmic patterns in English and French. In John J. Ohala, Yoko Hasegawa, Manjari Ohala, Daniel Granville & Ashlee C. Bailey (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1201-1204. ICPhS Archive, http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs/icphs1999.
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Gut, Ulrike. 2003. Prosody in second language speech production: The role of the native language. Fremdsprachen Lehren und Lernen 32. 133-152.
Hiki, Shizuo, Kuniko Kakita & Hideo Okada. 2011. A panphonic version of the text of ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ for the illustration of the IPA of Japanese (Tokyo Dialect) consonants. In Wai Sum Lee & Eric Zee (eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 871-873. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong. https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Hiki/Hiki.pdf.
Hurch, Bernhard. 1988. Is Basque a syllable-timed language?. Anuario del Seminario de Filologia Vasca «Julio de Urquijo» 22(3). 813-825.
Jun, Sun Ah (ed.). 2005. Prosodic typology: The phonology of intonation and phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Low, Ee Ling, Esther Grabe & Francis Nolan. 2000. Quantitative characterizations of speech rhythm: syllable-timing in Singapore English. Language and Speech 43(4). 377-401.
Molnar, Monika, Judit Gervain & Manuel Carreiras. 2011. Language separation in monolingual and bilingual infants of Spanish-Basque. Trabajo presentado en Neurobiology of Language Conference, Annapolis, EE.UU.
Molnar, Monika, Judit Gervain & Manuel Carreiras. 2013. Within-rhythm class native language discrimination abilities of Basque-Spanish monolingual and bilingual infants at 3.5 months of age. Infancy 19. 326-337.
Nava, Emily. 2010. Connecting phrasal and rhythmic events: Evidence from second language speech. Los Angeles, CA: Tesis doctoral de la University of Southern California.
Nava, Emily & Maria Luisa Zubizarreta. 2009. Order of acquisition of prosodic prominence patterns: Evidence from L1Spanish/L2English Speech. In Jean Crawford, Koichi Otaki & Masahiko Takahashi (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA 2008), 175-187. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Navarro Tomás, Tomás. 1925. Pronunciación guipuzcoana. Contribución al estudio de la fonética vasca. Homenaje a Menendez Pidal, vol. 3, 593-653. Madrid: Hernando.
Nespor, Marina, Mohinish Shukla & Jacques Mehler. 2011. Stress-timed vs. syllable-timed languages. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology 2. 1147-1159.
Ortega, Ane, Jacqueline Urla, Estibaliz Amorrortu, Jone Goirigolzarri & Belen Uranga. 2015. Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015 (231). 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0033.
Pike, Kenneth. 1945, The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Ramus, Franck. 2002. Acoustic correlates of linguistic rhythm: Perspectives. In Bernard Bel & Isabel Marlin (eds.), Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2002, 115-120. Aix-en-Provence: Universite de Provence.
Ramus, Franck. Marina Nespor & Jacques Mehler. 1999. Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition 73. 265-292.
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2014. Prosody in contact: Spanish in Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA: Tesis doctoral de la University of Southern California.
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2019. Rhythmic Variability in Spanish/English Bilinguals in California. In Yolanda Congosto & Laure Morgenthaler (eds.), Prosodic Issues in Language Contact Situations, 419-437. Philadelphia & Amsterdam: John Benjamins (= numero especial de Spanish in Context 16(3)).
Somers, Harold. 2006. Faking it: synthetic text-to-speech synthesis for under-resourced languages. Experimental design. In Timothy Baldwin, James Curran & Menno van Zaanen (eds.), Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop 2005, 71-77. Sydney: University of Sydney. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/U05-1000.pdf.
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai. 1992 [1938]. Principios de fonologia. Madrid: Editorial Cincel.
Adsett, Connie R. 2008. Automatic syllabification in European languages: a comparison of data-driven methods. Halifax, Nueva Escocia: tesis de master de Dalhousie University.
Arvaniti, Amalia. 2009. Rhythm, timing and the timing of rhythm. Phonetica 66. 46-63.
Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1988. Reflections on the dichotomy ‘stress’ vs. ‘syllable-timing’. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica 2. 59-84.
Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2018. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [software]. http://www.praat.org/.
Brown, Jason & Sam Mandal. 2013. Rhythm, metrics, and the link to phonology. In Sarvnaz Karimi & Karin Verspoor (eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop (ALTA 2013), 112-117. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology.
Carter, Phillip M. 2005. Quantifying rhythmic differences between Spanish, English, and Hispanic English. In Randall Gess & Edward J. Rubin (eds.), Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 34th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, 63-75. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cenoz, Jasone. 2008. Achievements and challenges in bilingual and multilingual education in the Basque Country. AILA Review 21. 13-30.
Dauer, Richard. 1983. Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed. Journal of Phonetics 11. 51-62.
Dellwo, Volher, Adrian Fourcin & Evelyn Abberton. 2007. Rhythmical classification based on voice parameters. In Jurgen Trouvain & William J. Barry (eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1129-1132. Saarbrucken: Universitat des Saarlandes.
Donegan, Patricia. 1993. R hythm and vocalic drift in Munda and Mon-Khmer. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 16(1). 1-43.
Gago, Clara. 2018. El ritmo lingüístico del español en el País Vasco y el euskera. Manuscrito inédito, West Virginia University.
Grabe, Esther, Brechtje Post & Ian Watson. 1999. The acquisition of rhythmic patterns in English and French. In John J. Ohala, Yoko Hasegawa, Manjari Ohala, Daniel Granville & Ashlee C. Bailey (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1201-1204. ICPhS Archive, http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs/icphs1999.
Grabe, Esther & Ee Ling Low. 2002. Durational variability in speech and the rhythm class hypothesis. In Carlos Gussenhoven & Nastasha Warner (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology 7, 377-401. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gut, Ulrike. 2003. Prosody in second language speech production: The role of the native language. Fremdsprachen Lehren und Lernen 32. 133-152.
Hiki, Shizuo, Kuniko Kakita & Hideo Okada. 2011. A panphonic version of the text of ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ for the illustration of the IPA of Japanese (Tokyo Dialect) consonants. In Wai Sum Lee & Eric Zee (eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 871-873. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong. https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Hiki/Hiki.pdf.
Hurch, Bernhard. 1988. Is Basque a syllable-timed language?. Anuario del Seminario de Filologia Vasca «Julio de Urquijo» 22(3). 813-825.
Jun, Sun Ah (ed.). 2005. Prosodic typology: The phonology of intonation and phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Low, Ee Ling, Esther Grabe & Francis Nolan. 2000. Quantitative characterizations of speech rhythm: syllable-timing in Singapore English. Language and Speech 43(4). 377-401.
Molnar, Monika, Judit Gervain & Manuel Carreiras. 2011. Language separation in monolingual and bilingual infants of Spanish-Basque. Trabajo presentado en Neurobiology of Language Conference, Annapolis, EE.UU.
Molnar, Monika, Judit Gervain & Manuel Carreiras. 2013. Within-rhythm class native language discrimination abilities of Basque-Spanish monolingual and bilingual infants at 3.5 months of age. Infancy 19. 326-337.
Nava, Emily. 2010. Connecting phrasal and rhythmic events: Evidence from second language speech. Los Angeles, CA: Tesis doctoral de la University of Southern California.
Nava, Emily & Maria Luisa Zubizarreta. 2009. Order of acquisition of prosodic prominence patterns: Evidence from L1Spanish/L2English Speech. In Jean Crawford, Koichi Otaki & Masahiko Takahashi (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA 2008), 175-187. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Navarro Tomás, Tomás. 1925. Pronunciación guipuzcoana. Contribución al estudio de la fonética vasca. Homenaje a Menendez Pidal, vol. 3, 593-653. Madrid: Hernando.
Nespor, Marina, Mohinish Shukla & Jacques Mehler. 2011. Stress-timed vs. syllable-timed languages. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology 2. 1147-1159.
Ortega, Ane, Jacqueline Urla, Estibaliz Amorrortu, Jone Goirigolzarri & Belen Uranga. 2015. Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015 (231). 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0033.
Pike, Kenneth. 1945, The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Ramus, Franck. 2002. Acoustic correlates of linguistic rhythm: Perspectives. In Bernard Bel & Isabel Marlin (eds.), Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2002, 115-120. Aix-en-Provence: Universite de Provence.
Ramus, Franck. Marina Nespor & Jacques Mehler. 1999. Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition 73. 265-292.
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2014. Prosody in contact: Spanish in Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA: Tesis doctoral de la University of Southern California.
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2019. Rhythmic Variability in Spanish/English Bilinguals in California. In Yolanda Congosto & Laure Morgenthaler (eds.), Prosodic Issues in Language Contact Situations, 419-437. Philadelphia & Amsterdam: John Benjamins (= numero especial de Spanish in Context 16(3)).
Somers, Harold. 2006. Faking it: synthetic text-to-speech synthesis for under-resourced languages. Experimental design. In Timothy Baldwin, James Curran & Menno van Zaanen (eds.), Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop 2005, 71-77. Sydney: University of Sydney. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/U05-1000.pdf.
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai. 1992 [1938]. Principios de fonologia. Madrid: Editorial Cincel.
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