Factores explicativos de la intención de emprender en la mujer. Aspectos diferenciales en la población universitaria según la variable género
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Publicado
12-03-2013
Rafael Ventura Fernández
María José Quero Gervilla
Resumen
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es arrojar luz sobre los factores que explican la menor intencionalidad en la población femenina para involucrarse en procesos de creación de empresas. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que identifica un conjunto de variables que permiten explicar la intención de emprender en la población potencialmente emprendedora. La validación del modelo se ha realizado mediante una encuesta realizada a 1222 estudiantes de 12 titulaciones diferentes de la Universidad de Málaga. La aplicación del modelo a las poblaciones masculina y femenina ha permitido apreciar diferencias significativas en los patrones de comportamiento en función del género, identificando un proceso más complejo y necesitado de apoyo externo en la población femenina con respecto a la masculina.
Cómo citar
Ventura Fernández, R., & Quero Gervilla, M. J. (2013). Factores explicativos de la intención de emprender en la mujer. Aspectos diferenciales en la población universitaria según la variable género. Cuadernos De Gestión, 13(1), 127–149. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.100271rv
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Keywords
Género, estudio de actitudes, modelo de intenciones, comportamiento emprendedor
References
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BAUMOL, W.J. (1990): Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98. 893-921.
BIRD, B. (1988): Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13. pp 442-454.
BIRD, B. (1992): The operation of intentions in time: the emergence of the new venture. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 17. pp 11-20.
BOYD, N.G. y VOZIKIS, G.S. (1994): The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18. 63-77.
BROWNE, M. W. y CUDECK, R. (1989): Single sample cross – validation indices for covariance structures, Multivariate Behavioral Research, Nº. 24, pp. 445 – 455.
BRUNI, A.; GHERARDI, S. y POGGIO, B. (2004): Entrepreneur-mentality, gender and the study of women entrepreneurs. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 17, Nº. 3.
BRUSH, C. (1992): Research on women business owners: past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16. 5-30.
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CARTER, S. y SHAW, E. (2006): Women’s business ownership: recent research and policy development. Report to the Small Business Service.
CHAGANTI, R. (1986): Management in women-owned enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, Octubre. 18-29.
CLARK, T. y JANES, F. (1992): Women-owned businesses: dimensions and policy issues. Economic Development Quarterly, 6. 25-40
COLEMAN, S. (2000): Access to capital and terms of credit: A comparison of men and women-owned small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 38. 37-52
COOPER, A.; WOO, C. y DUNKELBERG, W. (1989): Entrepreneurship and the initial size of firms. Journal of Business Venturing. 4. 317-332.
CRANT, J.M. (1996): The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal Small Business Management, 34. 42-49.
DAVIDSSON, P. y HONIG, B. (2003): The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (3), 301-331.
GELGADO, M.I.; GÓMEZ, L.; ROMERO, A.M. y VÁZQUEZ, E. (2008): Determinantes sociales y cognitivos en el espíritu emprendedor. Cuadernos de Gestión, 8 (1), 11 – 24.
DELMAR, F. y DAVIDSSON, P. (2000): Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascents entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship &Regional Development, 12. 1-23.
DOUGLAS, E.J. y SHEPHERD, D.A. (1999): Entrepreneurship as a Utility Maximizing Response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15. 231-251.
DUBINI, P. (1988): The influence of motivations and environment ob business start-ups: some hints for public policies. Journal of Business Venturing, 4. 11-26.
DUTTON, J. (1993): The making of organizational opportunities: Interpretive pathway to organizational change. En Staw, B.; Cummings, L. (Eds.): Research in Organizational Behavior. Greenwich: JAI, 15.
DYER, W.G. (1992): The Entrepreneurial Experience. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
EISENHAUER, J.G. (1995): The entrepreneurial decision: Economic Theory and empirical evidence. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Summer, 67-79.
FAYOLLE, A. y GAILLY, B. (2004): Creation and returns of social capital: a new research program. Routledge, London.
FELDMAN, D.C. y BOLINO, M.C. (2000): Career patterns of the self-employed: career motivations and career outcomes. Journal Small Business Management, 38, 53-67.
FORNAHL, D. (2003): Entrepreneurial activities in a regional context. En D. Fornahl y T. Brener (Eds), Cooperation, Networks, and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 38-57.
FORNELL, C. y LARCKER, D. (1981): Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, Nº. 1, pp. 39 – 50.
FORSON, C. y ÖZBILGIN, M. (2003): Dot-com women entrepreneurs in the UK. Entrepreneurship and Innovation. February. 13-24
FRANKE, N. y LUTHJE, C. (2004): Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students. A Benchmarking Study. International Journal of innovation and Technology Management, 1/3, 269-288.
GIFFORD, S. (1993): Heterogeneus Ability, Career Choice, and Firm Size. Small Business Economics, 5. 249-259.
GILL, R. y GANESH, S. (2007): Enpowerment, Constraint, and the entrepreneurial self: a study of white women entrepreneurs. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35, 3, 268-293.
GONZÁLEZ, O. (2001). Actitudes hacia el trabajo y la creación de empresas según género. Boletín Económico del ICE, Nº 2709.
GROMB, D. y SCHAFERSTEIN, D. (2002): Entrepreneurship in equilibrium. NBER Working Paper 9001.
HAMILTON , B.H. (2000): Does entrepreneurship pay? An empirical analysis of the returns to self employment. Journal of Political Economy, 108. 604-631.
HERRON, L. y SAPIENZA, H.J. (1992): The entrepreneur and the initiation of new venture launch activities. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 17. 49-55.
HISRICH, R. y BRUSH, C. (1984): The women entrepreneur. Management kills and business problems. Journal of Small Business management, 22. 30-37.
HOLMES, T.J. y SCHMITZ, J.A. (1990): A Theory of Entrepreneurship and its application to the study of business transfers. Journal of Political Economy, 98. 265-294.
HUMPHREYS, M.A. y MCCLUNG, H. (1981): “Women entrepreneurs in Oklahoma”. Review of regional Economics and Business, Vol. 6, Nº.2, 13-20.
HYDE, J.S. y KLING, K.C. (2001): Women, innovation and achievement. Psychology of women Quarterly, 25. 364-378.
JACK, S.L. y ANDERSON, A.R. (2002): The effects of Embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 17. 467-487.
KALLENBERG, A.L. y LEICHT, K.T. (1991): Gender and organizational performance: Determinants of small business survival and success. Academy of Management Journal, 34. 136-161
KATZ, J. (1994): Modeling entrepreneurial career progressions: concepts and considerations. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 19. 23-39.
KIRZNER, I.M. (1973): Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago II. University of Chicago Press.
KRUEGER, N. (1993): The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 18. 5-21.
KRUEGER, N. y CARSRUD. A.L. (1993): Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behavior. Entrepreneurial Regional Development, 5. 315-330.
KRUEGER, N. y DICKSON, P. (1994): How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: Sel-efficacy and perceptions of opportunity and threat. Decision Sciences, 25. 385-400.
KRUEGER, N.F.; REILLY, M.D. y CARSRUD, A.L. (2000): Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15. 411-432.
KRUEGER, N.F. (2003): The cognitive psychology of entrepreneurship. En Z.J. Acs y D. B. Audretchs (eds). Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. 105-140.
LEARNED, K.E. (1992): What happened before the organization?. A model of organization formation. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 17. 39-48.
LEAZAR, E.P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. NBER Working Paper, N 9109.
LEE , S.H. y WONG, P.K. (2004): An exploratory study of technoempreneurial intentions: a carree anchor perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 7-28.
LIÑÁN, F. y SANTOS, F.J. (2006): La influencia del capital social sobre los empresarios potenciales. Estudios de Economía Aplicada, Vol. 24, pp. 459-489.
LOW, M.B. y MACMILLAN, I.C. (1988): Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management. 35. 139-161.
LUQUE, T. (2000): Técnicas de análisis de datos en investigación de mercados. Ed. Pirámide, Madrid.
MARTINEZ, J.; MIRA, I. y GÓMEZ, J.M. (2010): Nascent Entrepreneurship and perceptual variables from a gender overview. Differences in diferent economic climates. V Workshop de Investigación basada en GEM, Cádiz.
MINNITI, M.; ARENIUS, P. y LANGOWITZ, N. (2005): Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2004 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship. Center for Women’s Leadership at Babson College.
MINNITI, M.; ALLEN, I. y LANGOWITZ, N. (2006): Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2005 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship. Center for Women’s Leadership at Babson College.
MINNITI, M. y NARDONE, C. (2007): Being in someone else’s shoes: the role of gender in nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, Vol. 28, Nº 2/3, pp. 223-238.
MURAVYEV, A.; TALAVERA, O. y SCHÄFER, D. (2009): Entrepreneurs’ gender and financial constraints: evidence form international data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37, 270-286
RUIZ, J.; ROJAS, A. y SUÁREZ, A. (2008): Actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios de Andalucía ante la creación de empresas. Universidad de Cádiz, Servicios de Publicaciones.
OTANI, K. (1996): A human capital approach to entrepreneurial capacity. Economica, 63. 273-289.
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