Linking transformational leadership and organizational trust: has organizational commitment a mediating effect on it?
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
18-09-2018
Orlando Manuel Martins Marques De Lima Rua
João Manuel Costa Araújo
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to analyze how organizational commitment has a mediating effect on the rela¬tion between transformational leadership and organizational trust.
Therefore we developed an organization analysis based on a survey that was used to collect primary data from a sample of 58 employees. We obtained a 71% response rate and these data were analyzed using quantita¬tive methodological techniques and linear regression. The research was conducted at the Serralves Foundation (Porto, Portugal) to empirically test the proposed research model and its hypotheses.
The empirical results confirm that transformational leadership positively enhances organizational trust. However, transformational leadership and organizational trust are not significantly influenced by organizational commitment, thus not having a mediating effect on this relationship. Such results assume particular relevance because they become a basis for comparative studies in similar organizations.
This study brings some theoretical contributions to the literature by analyzing the mediating effect of organ¬izational commitment on the relation between transformational leadership and organizational trust in cultural organizations and has also some practical management implications, as it draws attention to the importance of a set of practices, job satisfaction oriented, which can effectively lead to organizational commitment intervention in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational trust.
How to Cite
Martins Marques De Lima Rua, O. M., & Costa Araújo, J. M. (2018). Linking transformational leadership and organizational trust: has organizational commitment a mediating effect on it?. Cuadernos De Gestión, 16(1), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.140484om
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Transformational leadership, organizational trust, organizational commitment
References
Abrell, C., Rowold, J., Weibler, J. and Moenninghoff, M., 2011. Evaluation of a Longterm Transformational Leadership Development Program. Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 25 (3), 205-224.
Alexander, K. and Tyree, J.R., 1996. Conceptualizing and measuring commitment to high school teaching. Journal of Educational Research, 89, 295-304.
Avolio, B. and Bass, B., 1991. Full-Range Training of Leadership: Manual. Binghamton, NY: Bass/Avolio & Associates.
Bambacas, M. and Patrickson, M., 2008. Interpersonal communication skills that enhance organizational commitment. Journal of Communication Management, 12 (1), 51-72.
Baron, R.M. and Kenny, D.A., 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Barney, J. and Hansen, M., 1994. Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 175-190.
Bass, B., 1985. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bibb, S. and Kourdi, J., 2004. Trust Matters for Organizational and Personal Success. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Blomqvist, K., 2002. Partnering in the dynamic environment: the role of trust in asymmetric technology partnership formation. PhD thesis. Lappeenranta University of Technology.
Bryman, A. and Cramer, D., 2005. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 12 and 13: A Guide for Social Scientists. London: Routledge.
Burns, J., 1978. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper Row.
Cherry, K., 2010. What Is Transformational Leadership?Available from: http://psychology. about.com/od/leadership/a/transformational.htm [Accessed 22 December 2011].
Connel, N. and Mannion, R., 2006. Conceptualizations of trust in the organizational literature. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 20 (5), 417-433.
Conger, J.A., 1999. Charismatic and Transformational Leadership in Organizations: An Insider’s Perspective on Developing Streams of Research. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 145-179.
Costa, A., 2002. Promover a confiança em contextos organizacionais: um imperativo da prática de gestão. In: Cunha, M.P. and Rodrigues, S.B. (Org.). Manual de estudos organizacionais. Lisboa: Editora RH, 207-222.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., Piccolo, R. F., Zapata, C. P. and Rich, B. L., 2012. Explaining the Justice-Performance Relationship: Trust as Exchange Deepener or Trust as Uncertainty Reducer? Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 1-15.
Cotovio, V., 2007. Procura de si e liderança. Lisboa: Editorial Caminho, S.A.
Dias, H., 2010. Liderança, confiança e desempenho organizacional percebido. Tese de Mestrado, Faculdade de Economia Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
Dirks, K. and Ferrin, D., 2001. The role of trust in organisational settings. Organisation Science, 12 (4), 450-67.
Ellonen, R., Blomqvist, K. and Puumalainen, K., 2008. The role of trust in organizational innovativeness. European Journal of Innovation Management, 11 (2), 160-181.
Freire, C., 2008. Confiança nas Equipas de I&D: Operacionalização de um Constructo. Revista de Estudos Politécnicos, VI (10), 165-188.
Fukuyama, F., 1995. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: The Free Press.
Huang, T., Lawler, J. and Lei, C., 2007. The effects of quality of work life on commitment and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality, 35 (6), 735-750. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2007.35.6.735
Judge, T. and Piccolo, R., 2004. Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89 (5), 755-768.
Kanungo, R., 2001. Ethical Values of Transactional and Transformational Leaders. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 18, 257-265.
Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2002. The Dual Effect of Transformational Leadership: Priming Relational and Collective Selves and Further Effects on Followers. In: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. (eds.). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 67-91.
Keating, J., Silva, I. and Veloso, A., 2010. Confiança organizacional: teste de um modelo. Actas do VII Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
Kerce, E.W. and Booth-Kewley, S., 1993. Quality of work life surveys in organisations: Methods & Benefits. In: Rosenfeld, P., Edwards, J.E. and Thomas M.D. (Eds.), Improving organisational surveys: New direction, methods and applications. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 158-209.
Koh, H. and Boo, E., 2004. Organisational ethics and employee satisfaction and commitment. Management Decision, 42 (5), 677-693.
Lane, C. and Bachmann, R., 1996. The social constitution of trust: supplier relations in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies, 17 (3), 365-395.
Leite, R., 2006. O empenhamento dos indivíduos nas organizações e nas profissões: uma avaliação dos efeitos das actividades extra-laborais. Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
Lewicki, R.J., Tomlinson, E.C. and Gillespie, N., 2006. Models of Interpersonal Trust Development: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions. Journal of Management, 32, 991-1022.
Long, C.P., Sitkin, S.B. and Cardinal, L.B., 2003. Managerial action to build control, trust, and fairness in organizations: The effect of conflict. Paper presented at the International Association of Conflict Management Conference, 15–18 June 2003, Melbourne, Australia, 1-57.
Machado, C., 2008. Comprometimento é fundamental para conquistas. Available from: http://www.artigonal.com/administracaoartigos/comprometimento-e-fundamentalpara-conquistas-519240.html [Accessed 10 September 2011].
Maroco, J., 2007 Análise Estatística com utilização do SPSS. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo, Lda.
Martins, N., and Von der Ohe, H., 2002. Trust as a factor in determining how to attract, motivate and retain talent. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 28 (4), 49-57. DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v28i4.79
May, B.E., Lau, R.S. and Johnson, S.K., 1999. A longitudinal study of quality of work life and business performance. South Dakota Business Review, 58 (2), 3-7.
Mayer, R. and Gavin, M., 2005. Trust in management and performance: who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 48 (5), 874-888.
Mayer, R., Davis, J. and Schoorman, D., 1995. An integrative model of organizational trust, Academy of Management Review, 20 (3), 709-734.
Mayer, R. and Davies, J.,1999. The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84 (1), 123-136.
Mehrabi, J., Javadi, M.H.M., AliAbadi, K., Tanhaei, M.H. and Samangoei, B., 2012. Studying Relationships between Tools of Ethics Management and Organizational Trust of Education Organization in City of Kermanshah Province. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2 (1), 139-146.
Meyer, J. and Allen, N., 1991. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1 (1), 61-89.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W., 1979. The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Pestana, M. and Gageiro, J., 2002. Análise de dados para ciências sociais. A complementaridade do SPSS. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Moorman, R. and Fetter, R., 1990. Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior, Leadership Quarterly, 1 (2), 107-142.
Politis, J., 2003. The connection between trust and knowledge management: What are its implications for team performance? Journal of Knowledge Management, 7 (5), 55-66. DOI: 10.1108/13673270310505386
Rego, A. and Cunha, M., 2007. A Essência da Liderança – Mudança, Resultados, Integridade. (3.ª ed.), Lisboa: Editora RH.
Rezende, H., 2010. A Liderança Transformacional e Transaccional e as suas Influências nos Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional. Dissertação de mestrado. ISCTE--IUL, Lisboa.
Rua, O. and Araújo, J., 2013. The influence of the transformational leadership in the organizational trust. Harvard Deusto Business Research, II (I), 55-66.
Sá, M. and Lemoine, C., 1998. O estilo de liderança como factor de comprometimento na empresa. XXII Encontro Anual da ANPAD, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil.
Schwepker Jr, C. and Good, D., 2010. Transformational Leadership and Its Impact on Sales Force Moral Judgment, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 30 (4), 299-318.
Serralves, 2011. Relatório e Contas 2010 da Fundação de Serralves. Available from: http://www.serralves.pt/FLIPBOOK/ReC_2010/files/relatorio%20e%20contas%202010_versao%20final.pdf [Accessed 7 March 2011].
Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K. and Winograd, G., 2000. Organisational trust: what it is, why it matters. Organisation Development Journal, 18 (4), 35-48.
Soltani, M., 2004. Ethics management in the organizations, Tadbir, 132.
Thomas, G.F., Zolin, R. and Hartman, J.L., 2009. The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and Its Effect on Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 46, 287-310.
Tyler, T., 2003. Trust within organisations. Personnel Review, 32 (5), 556-568.
Van der Berg, Y. and Martins, N., 2013. The relationship between organisational trust and quality of work life. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 11 (1), 1-13. DOI: 10.4102/ sajhrm.v11i1.392
Yang, J. and Mossholder, K.W., 2010. Examining the Effects of Trust in Leaders: A Bases-and-Foci Approach. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 50-63.
Yukl, G.A., 1989. Leadership in Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zand, D., 1997. The leadership trial: knowledge, trust, and power. New York: Oxford Press.
Zhu, Y. and Akhtar, S., 2014. The mediating effects of cognition-based trust and affect-based trust in transformational leadership’s dual processes: evidence from China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (20), 2755-2771. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2014.934885
Alexander, K. and Tyree, J.R., 1996. Conceptualizing and measuring commitment to high school teaching. Journal of Educational Research, 89, 295-304.
Avolio, B. and Bass, B., 1991. Full-Range Training of Leadership: Manual. Binghamton, NY: Bass/Avolio & Associates.
Bambacas, M. and Patrickson, M., 2008. Interpersonal communication skills that enhance organizational commitment. Journal of Communication Management, 12 (1), 51-72.
Baron, R.M. and Kenny, D.A., 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Barney, J. and Hansen, M., 1994. Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 175-190.
Bass, B., 1985. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bibb, S. and Kourdi, J., 2004. Trust Matters for Organizational and Personal Success. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Blomqvist, K., 2002. Partnering in the dynamic environment: the role of trust in asymmetric technology partnership formation. PhD thesis. Lappeenranta University of Technology.
Bryman, A. and Cramer, D., 2005. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 12 and 13: A Guide for Social Scientists. London: Routledge.
Burns, J., 1978. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper Row.
Cherry, K., 2010. What Is Transformational Leadership?Available from: http://psychology. about.com/od/leadership/a/transformational.htm [Accessed 22 December 2011].
Connel, N. and Mannion, R., 2006. Conceptualizations of trust in the organizational literature. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 20 (5), 417-433.
Conger, J.A., 1999. Charismatic and Transformational Leadership in Organizations: An Insider’s Perspective on Developing Streams of Research. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 145-179.
Costa, A., 2002. Promover a confiança em contextos organizacionais: um imperativo da prática de gestão. In: Cunha, M.P. and Rodrigues, S.B. (Org.). Manual de estudos organizacionais. Lisboa: Editora RH, 207-222.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., Piccolo, R. F., Zapata, C. P. and Rich, B. L., 2012. Explaining the Justice-Performance Relationship: Trust as Exchange Deepener or Trust as Uncertainty Reducer? Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 1-15.
Cotovio, V., 2007. Procura de si e liderança. Lisboa: Editorial Caminho, S.A.
Dias, H., 2010. Liderança, confiança e desempenho organizacional percebido. Tese de Mestrado, Faculdade de Economia Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
Dirks, K. and Ferrin, D., 2001. The role of trust in organisational settings. Organisation Science, 12 (4), 450-67.
Ellonen, R., Blomqvist, K. and Puumalainen, K., 2008. The role of trust in organizational innovativeness. European Journal of Innovation Management, 11 (2), 160-181.
Freire, C., 2008. Confiança nas Equipas de I&D: Operacionalização de um Constructo. Revista de Estudos Politécnicos, VI (10), 165-188.
Fukuyama, F., 1995. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: The Free Press.
Huang, T., Lawler, J. and Lei, C., 2007. The effects of quality of work life on commitment and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality, 35 (6), 735-750. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2007.35.6.735
Judge, T. and Piccolo, R., 2004. Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89 (5), 755-768.
Kanungo, R., 2001. Ethical Values of Transactional and Transformational Leaders. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 18, 257-265.
Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2002. The Dual Effect of Transformational Leadership: Priming Relational and Collective Selves and Further Effects on Followers. In: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. (eds.). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 67-91.
Keating, J., Silva, I. and Veloso, A., 2010. Confiança organizacional: teste de um modelo. Actas do VII Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
Kerce, E.W. and Booth-Kewley, S., 1993. Quality of work life surveys in organisations: Methods & Benefits. In: Rosenfeld, P., Edwards, J.E. and Thomas M.D. (Eds.), Improving organisational surveys: New direction, methods and applications. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 158-209.
Koh, H. and Boo, E., 2004. Organisational ethics and employee satisfaction and commitment. Management Decision, 42 (5), 677-693.
Lane, C. and Bachmann, R., 1996. The social constitution of trust: supplier relations in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies, 17 (3), 365-395.
Leite, R., 2006. O empenhamento dos indivíduos nas organizações e nas profissões: uma avaliação dos efeitos das actividades extra-laborais. Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
Lewicki, R.J., Tomlinson, E.C. and Gillespie, N., 2006. Models of Interpersonal Trust Development: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions. Journal of Management, 32, 991-1022.
Long, C.P., Sitkin, S.B. and Cardinal, L.B., 2003. Managerial action to build control, trust, and fairness in organizations: The effect of conflict. Paper presented at the International Association of Conflict Management Conference, 15–18 June 2003, Melbourne, Australia, 1-57.
Machado, C., 2008. Comprometimento é fundamental para conquistas. Available from: http://www.artigonal.com/administracaoartigos/comprometimento-e-fundamentalpara-conquistas-519240.html [Accessed 10 September 2011].
Maroco, J., 2007 Análise Estatística com utilização do SPSS. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo, Lda.
Martins, N., and Von der Ohe, H., 2002. Trust as a factor in determining how to attract, motivate and retain talent. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 28 (4), 49-57. DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v28i4.79
May, B.E., Lau, R.S. and Johnson, S.K., 1999. A longitudinal study of quality of work life and business performance. South Dakota Business Review, 58 (2), 3-7.
Mayer, R. and Gavin, M., 2005. Trust in management and performance: who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 48 (5), 874-888.
Mayer, R., Davis, J. and Schoorman, D., 1995. An integrative model of organizational trust, Academy of Management Review, 20 (3), 709-734.
Mayer, R. and Davies, J.,1999. The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84 (1), 123-136.
Mehrabi, J., Javadi, M.H.M., AliAbadi, K., Tanhaei, M.H. and Samangoei, B., 2012. Studying Relationships between Tools of Ethics Management and Organizational Trust of Education Organization in City of Kermanshah Province. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2 (1), 139-146.
Meyer, J. and Allen, N., 1991. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1 (1), 61-89.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W., 1979. The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Pestana, M. and Gageiro, J., 2002. Análise de dados para ciências sociais. A complementaridade do SPSS. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Moorman, R. and Fetter, R., 1990. Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior, Leadership Quarterly, 1 (2), 107-142.
Politis, J., 2003. The connection between trust and knowledge management: What are its implications for team performance? Journal of Knowledge Management, 7 (5), 55-66. DOI: 10.1108/13673270310505386
Rego, A. and Cunha, M., 2007. A Essência da Liderança – Mudança, Resultados, Integridade. (3.ª ed.), Lisboa: Editora RH.
Rezende, H., 2010. A Liderança Transformacional e Transaccional e as suas Influências nos Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional. Dissertação de mestrado. ISCTE--IUL, Lisboa.
Rua, O. and Araújo, J., 2013. The influence of the transformational leadership in the organizational trust. Harvard Deusto Business Research, II (I), 55-66.
Sá, M. and Lemoine, C., 1998. O estilo de liderança como factor de comprometimento na empresa. XXII Encontro Anual da ANPAD, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil.
Schwepker Jr, C. and Good, D., 2010. Transformational Leadership and Its Impact on Sales Force Moral Judgment, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 30 (4), 299-318.
Serralves, 2011. Relatório e Contas 2010 da Fundação de Serralves. Available from: http://www.serralves.pt/FLIPBOOK/ReC_2010/files/relatorio%20e%20contas%202010_versao%20final.pdf [Accessed 7 March 2011].
Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K. and Winograd, G., 2000. Organisational trust: what it is, why it matters. Organisation Development Journal, 18 (4), 35-48.
Soltani, M., 2004. Ethics management in the organizations, Tadbir, 132.
Thomas, G.F., Zolin, R. and Hartman, J.L., 2009. The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and Its Effect on Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 46, 287-310.
Tyler, T., 2003. Trust within organisations. Personnel Review, 32 (5), 556-568.
Van der Berg, Y. and Martins, N., 2013. The relationship between organisational trust and quality of work life. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 11 (1), 1-13. DOI: 10.4102/ sajhrm.v11i1.392
Yang, J. and Mossholder, K.W., 2010. Examining the Effects of Trust in Leaders: A Bases-and-Foci Approach. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 50-63.
Yukl, G.A., 1989. Leadership in Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zand, D., 1997. The leadership trial: knowledge, trust, and power. New York: Oxford Press.
Zhu, Y. and Akhtar, S., 2014. The mediating effects of cognition-based trust and affect-based trust in transformational leadership’s dual processes: evidence from China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (20), 2755-2771. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2014.934885
Issue
Section
Articles
Authors retain copyright of its works. Management Letters/Cuadernos de Gestión publications are licensed under Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC-ND, granting open access rights to society.
Specifically, CC-BY-NC-ND license permits any kind of use, distribution, publicize and copy the article, as long as the original author and source are properly recognized and for Non Commercial purposes.
The author can use the article freely always indicating that it has been published in Management Letters/Cuadernos de Gestión. Any re-edition of the article must be approved by the journal editorial team.