A comparison of sustainability attitudes and intentions across generations and gender: a perspective from U.S. consumers
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
19-01-2023
Bridget Satinover Nichols
Jennifer Wehr Holt
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-4112
Jennifer Wehr Holt
Abstract
As firms increasingly focus on corporate sustainability initiatives and offer more sustainability-related products, there is a need to continually assess consumer attitudes towards and involvement in sustainable consumption. Additionally, there is a need to determine if some consumer characteristics may typify how they think, feel, and behave towards sustainability initiatives. Based on an online sample of 1,250 U.S. consumers, this present research utilizes a cross-sectional design to examine whether generational cohort and gender help explain variations in how consumers react to the notion of sustainability. This research is also focused on sustainability in the food and grocery industry. The findings suggest that attitudes towards sustainability and the degree to which consumers feel sustainability is important is more positive for younger consumers and women. The Baby Boomer generation is less interested in sustainable consumption and less likely to be persuaded by sustainability claims. The main limitations of this study are that data were collected only through self-reporting from consumers in the United States. For marketers promoting sustainability-related products, this data should help them better understand segments of the U.S. market and develop more successful promotional initiatives. Knowing the nuances of how generational cohorts think about sustainability and how they may consider it when making purchase decisions should motivate marketers to utilize these differences when creating their marketing mix. Though some marketers are moving away from gender-based promotional tactics, the findings also suggest that gender segmentation could still be useful when it comes to sustainability-related products.
How to Cite
Satinover Nichols, B., & Wehr Holt, J. (2023). A comparison of sustainability attitudes and intentions across generations and gender: a perspective from U.S. consumers. Cuadernos De Gestión, 23(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.211647bs
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Sustainability, Grocery, Triple bottom line, Cohort theory, Shopper behavior, Sustainability attitudes
References
Abbey, J. D., and Meloy, M. G. (2017). Attention by design: Using attention checks to detect inattentive respondents and improve data quality. Journal of Operations Management, 53, 63-70.
Accenture (2017). Gen Z and Millennials leaving older shoppers and many retailers in their digital dust. Retrieved October 15, 2021 from: https://www.accenture.com/t20170210T012359__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-44/Accenture-Retail-Customer-Research-Executive-Summary-2017.pdf
Bloodhart, B., & Swim, J. K. (2020). Sustainability and consumption: What’s gender got to do with it. Journal of Social Issues, 76(1), 101-113.
Bucic, T., Harris, J. and Arli, D. (2012). Ethical consumers among the Millennials: A cross-national study. Journal of business ethics, 110(1), 113–131.
Briceno, T., and Stagl, S. (2006). The role of social processes for sustainable consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(17), 1541-1551.
Brough, A. R., Wilkie, J. E., Ma, J., Isaac, M. S. and Gal, D. (2016). Is eco-friendly unmanly? The green-feminine stereotype and its effect on sustainable consumption. Journal of consumer research, 43(4), 567-582.
Bulut, Z. A., Kökalan Çımrin, F.,and Doğan, O. (2017). Gender, generation and sustainable consumption: Exploring the behaviour of consumers from Izmir, Turkey. International journal of consumer studies, 41(6), 597-604.
Carr J., Gotlieb, M.R., Lee, N. and et al. (2012). Examining overconsumption, competitive consumption, and conscious consumption from 1994 to 2004: Disentangling cohort and period effects. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 644(1), 220–233.
Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A. and Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevalua-tion of the role of norms in human behavior. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Cambridge: Academic Press, 201-234.
Cialdini, Robert B. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in psychological science, 12(4), 105–109.
Cottrell, S. P. (2003). Influence of sociodemographics and environmental attitudes on general responsible environmental behavior among recreational boaters. Environment and behavior, 35(3), 347–75.
Dabija, D. C., Bejan, B. M. and Dinu, V. (2019). How sustainability oriented is Generation Z in retail? A literature re-view. Transformations in business and economics, 18(2).
Diddi, S., Yan, R. N., Bloodhart, B., Bajtelsmit, V. and McShane, K. (2019). Exploring young adult consumers’ sustainable clothing consumption intention-behavior gap: A behavioral reasoning theory perspective. Sustainable production and consumption, 18, 200-209.
Dietz, T., Kalof, L. and Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, values, and environmentalism. Social science quarterly, 83(1), 353–64.
Diprose, K., Valentine, G., Vanderbeck, R. M., Liu, C., & McQuaid, K. (2019). Building common cause towards sustainable consump-tion: A cross-generational perspective. Environment and planning E: nature and space, 2(2), 203–228.
Elkington, J. (2013). Enter the triple bottom line. In Henriques, A. and Richardson, J., eds. The triple bottom line. Does it all add up?: New York: Earthscan, 1-16.
Federal Reserve (2022). Distributional Financial Accounts. Retrieved June 6, 2022 from https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/table/#quarter:119;series:Net%20worth;demographic:generation;population:all;units:levels.
Fien, J., Neil, C. and Bentley, M. (2008). Youth can lead the way to sustainable consumption. Journal of education for sustainable development, 2(1), 51–60.
Fischer, D., Böhme,T. and Geiger, S.M. (2017). Measuring young consumers’ sustainable consumption behavior: Development and validation of the YCSCB scale. Young consumers, 18(3), 312-326.
Geiger, S. M., Fischer, D. and Schrader, U. (2018). Measuring what matters in sustainable consumption: An integrative framework for the selection of relevant behaviors. Sustainable development, 26(1), 18-33.
Gelski, J. (2019, January 10), Sustainable product market could hit $150 billion in U.S. by 2021, Food business news. Retrieved from https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/13133-sustainable-product-market-could-hit-150-billion-in-us-by-2021.
Gelski, J. (2020, January 23), Interest in sustainable food choices increases 23%. Food business news. Retrieved from https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/15266-interest-in-sustainable-food-choices-increases-23.
Gray, S.G., Raimi, K.T., Wilson, R. and Árvai, J. (2019). Will Millennials save the world? The effect of age and generational differences on environmental concern. Journal of environmental management, 242, 394-402.
Hanss, D. and Böhm, G. (2012). Sustainability seen from the perspective of consumers. International journal of consumer stu-dies, 36(6), 678-687.
Haws, K. L., Winterich, K. P. and Naylor, R. W. (2014). Seeing the world through GREEN-tinted glasses: green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products. Journal of consumer psychology, 24(3), 336-354.
Hampl, N. and Loock, M. (2013). Sustainable development in retailing: What is the impact on store choice? Business strategy and the environment, 22(3), 202-216.
Heo, J. and Muralidharan, S. (2019). What triggers young Millennials to purchase eco-friendly products? The interrelationships among knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern. Journal of marketing communications, 25(4), 421–437.
Herbes, C., Beuthner, C. and Ramme, I. (2018). Consumer attitudes towards biobased packaging–A cross-cultural comparative stu-dy. Journal of cleaner production, 194, 203-218.
Honnold, J. (1984). Age and environmental concern some specification of effects, Journal of environmental education, 16(1), 4-9.
Huttunen, K. and Autio, M. (2010). Consumer ethoses in Finnish consumer life stories–Agrarianism, economism and green consu-merism. International journal of consumer studies, 34(2), 146-152.
Hwang, J. and Griffiths, M. A. (2017). Share more, drive less: Millennials value perception and behavioral intent in using collaborati-ve consumption services. Journal of consumer marketing, 34(2), 132–146.
Inglehart, R. (1977). The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni-versity Press.
Jerónimo, H.M., Henriques, P.L., de Lacerda, T.C., da Silva, F.P. and Vieira, P.R. (2020). Going green and sustainable: The influence of green HR practices on the organizational rationale for sustainability. Journal of business research, 112, pp.413-421.
Kadic-Maglajlic, S., Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., Micevski, M., Dlacic, J. and Zabkar, V. (2019). Being engaged is a good thing: Unders-tanding sustainable consumption behavior among young adults. Journal of business research, 104, 644-654.
Kamenidou, I.C., Mamalis, S.A., Pavlidis, S. and Bara, E.Z.G. (2019). Segmenting the generation Z cohort university students based on sustainable food consumption behavior: A preliminary study. Sustainability, 11(3), 83.
Kamenidou, I.C., Stavrianea, A. and Bara, E-Z. (2020). Generational differences toward organic food behavior: Insights from five generational cohorts. Sustainability, 12(6):2299.
Kronthal-Sacco, R. and Levin, L. (2021). Sustainably marketed products continue to grow in importance for CPG sales and margins. (blog) Retrieved from https://www.iriworldwide.com/en-us/insights/blog
Kushwah, S., Dhir, A., Sagar, M. and Gupta, B. (2019). Determinants of organic food consumption. A systematic literature review on motives and barriers. Appetite, 143, 104402.
Leary, R. B., Vann, R. J., Mittelstaedt, J. D., Murphy, P. E. and Sherry Jr, J. F. (2014). Changing the marketplace one behavior at a time: Perceived marketplace influence and sustainable consumption. Journal of business research, 67(9), 1953-1958.
Lee, J.A. and Holden S.J.S. (1999). Understanding the determinants of environmentally conscious behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 16(5), 373–92.
Liang, J. and Xu, Y. (2018). Second‐hand clothing consumption: A generational cohort analysis of the Chinese market. International journal of consumer studies, 42(1), 120-130.
Lim, W. M. (2017). Inside the sustainable consumption theoretical toolbox: Critical concepts for sustainability, consumption, and marketing. Journal of business research, 78, 69-80.
Ma, X., Park, C. and Moultrie, J. (2020). Factors for eliminating plastic in packaging: The European FMCG experts’ view. Journal of cleaner production, 256, 120492.
Modlinska, K., Adamczyk, D., Maison, D., and Pisula, W. (2020). Gender differences in attitudes to vegans/vegetarians and their food preferences, and their implications for promoting sustainable dietary patterns–A systematic review. Sustainability, 12(16), 6292.
Morelli, J. (2011). Environmental sustainability: A definition for environmental professionals. Journal of environmental sustainabili-ty, 1(1), 1-7.
McCollough, J. (2010). Consumer discount rates and the decision to repair or replace a durable product: A sustainable consumption issue. Journal of economic issues, 44(1), 183-204.
NielsenIq.com (2019). Sustainability continues to drive sales across the CPG landscape. Retrieved March 13, 2021 from https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/analysis/2019/sustainability-continues-to-drive-sales-across-the-cpg-landscape/.
Obal, M. and Kunz, W. (2013). Trust development in e‐services: A cohort analysis of millennials and baby boomers. Journal of service management, 24(1), 45-63.
Olsson, D. and Gericke, N. (2017). The effect of gender on students’ sustainability consciousness: A nationwide Swedish study. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(5), 357-370.
Park, H. J. and Lin, L. M. (2020). Exploring attitude–behavior gap in sustainable consumption: Comparison of recycled and upcycled fashion products. Journal of business research, 117, 623-628.
Rossiter, J. R. and Bergkvist, L. (2009). The importance of choosing one good item for single-item measures of attitude towards the ad and attitude towards the brand and its generalization to all measures. Transfer: Werbeforschung & praxis, 55(2), 8-18.
Sánchez-Bravo, P., Chambers, E., Noguera-Artiaga, L., Sendra, E., Chambers IV, E. and Carbonell-Barrachina, Á. A. (2021). Con-sumer understanding of sustainability concept in agricultural products. Food quality and preference, 89, 104136.
Şener, A. and Hazer, O. (2008). Values and sustainable consumption behavior of women: A Turkish sample. Sustainable Develop-ment, 16(5), 291-300.
Severo, E. A., De Guimarães, J. C. F. and Dellarmelin, M. L. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: Evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of cleaner production, 286, 124947.
Shrestha, B., Bajracharya, S.B., Keitsch, M. M. and Tiwari, S. R. (2020). Gender differences in household energy decision making and impacts in energy saving to achieve sustainability: A case of Kathmandu. Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1049-1062.
Stranieri, S., Ricci, E. C., and Banterle, A. (2017). Convenience food with environmentally-sustainable attributes: A consumer pers-pective. Appetite, 116, 11-20.
Tait,P., Saunders,C. Dalziel, P., Rutherford, P., Driver, T., Guenther, M. (2020). Comparing generational preferences for individual components of sustainability schemes in the Californian wine market, Applied economics letters, 27(13), 1091-1095.
Van Loo, E. J., Hoefkens, C. and Verbeke, W. (2017). Healthy, sustainable and plant-based eating: Perceived (mis) match and invol-vement-based consumer segments as targets for future policy. Food policy, 69, 46-57.
Wan, C., Shen, G. Q. and Choi, S. (2017). Experiential and instrumental attitudes: Interaction effect of attitude and subjective norm on recycling intention. Journal of environmental psychology, 50, 69-79.
Wiernik,B., Ones, D., & Dilchert, S. (2013). Age and environmental sustainability: a meta-analysis. Journal of managerial psychology, 28(7/8) 826-856.
Yamane, T. and Kaneko, S. (2021). Is the younger generation a driving force toward achieving the sustainable development goals? Survey experiments. Journal of cleaner production, 292, 125932.
Yang, K. and Jolly, L. D. (2008). Age cohort analysis in adoption of mobile data services: Gen Xers versus baby boomers. Journal of consumer marketing, 25(5), 272 – 280.
Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P.P. and Aldrich, C. (2000). Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism, Journal of social issues, 56(3), 443-457.
Accenture (2017). Gen Z and Millennials leaving older shoppers and many retailers in their digital dust. Retrieved October 15, 2021 from: https://www.accenture.com/t20170210T012359__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-44/Accenture-Retail-Customer-Research-Executive-Summary-2017.pdf
Bloodhart, B., & Swim, J. K. (2020). Sustainability and consumption: What’s gender got to do with it. Journal of Social Issues, 76(1), 101-113.
Bucic, T., Harris, J. and Arli, D. (2012). Ethical consumers among the Millennials: A cross-national study. Journal of business ethics, 110(1), 113–131.
Briceno, T., and Stagl, S. (2006). The role of social processes for sustainable consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(17), 1541-1551.
Brough, A. R., Wilkie, J. E., Ma, J., Isaac, M. S. and Gal, D. (2016). Is eco-friendly unmanly? The green-feminine stereotype and its effect on sustainable consumption. Journal of consumer research, 43(4), 567-582.
Bulut, Z. A., Kökalan Çımrin, F.,and Doğan, O. (2017). Gender, generation and sustainable consumption: Exploring the behaviour of consumers from Izmir, Turkey. International journal of consumer studies, 41(6), 597-604.
Carr J., Gotlieb, M.R., Lee, N. and et al. (2012). Examining overconsumption, competitive consumption, and conscious consumption from 1994 to 2004: Disentangling cohort and period effects. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 644(1), 220–233.
Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A. and Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevalua-tion of the role of norms in human behavior. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Cambridge: Academic Press, 201-234.
Cialdini, Robert B. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in psychological science, 12(4), 105–109.
Cottrell, S. P. (2003). Influence of sociodemographics and environmental attitudes on general responsible environmental behavior among recreational boaters. Environment and behavior, 35(3), 347–75.
Dabija, D. C., Bejan, B. M. and Dinu, V. (2019). How sustainability oriented is Generation Z in retail? A literature re-view. Transformations in business and economics, 18(2).
Diddi, S., Yan, R. N., Bloodhart, B., Bajtelsmit, V. and McShane, K. (2019). Exploring young adult consumers’ sustainable clothing consumption intention-behavior gap: A behavioral reasoning theory perspective. Sustainable production and consumption, 18, 200-209.
Dietz, T., Kalof, L. and Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, values, and environmentalism. Social science quarterly, 83(1), 353–64.
Diprose, K., Valentine, G., Vanderbeck, R. M., Liu, C., & McQuaid, K. (2019). Building common cause towards sustainable consump-tion: A cross-generational perspective. Environment and planning E: nature and space, 2(2), 203–228.
Elkington, J. (2013). Enter the triple bottom line. In Henriques, A. and Richardson, J., eds. The triple bottom line. Does it all add up?: New York: Earthscan, 1-16.
Federal Reserve (2022). Distributional Financial Accounts. Retrieved June 6, 2022 from https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/table/#quarter:119;series:Net%20worth;demographic:generation;population:all;units:levels.
Fien, J., Neil, C. and Bentley, M. (2008). Youth can lead the way to sustainable consumption. Journal of education for sustainable development, 2(1), 51–60.
Fischer, D., Böhme,T. and Geiger, S.M. (2017). Measuring young consumers’ sustainable consumption behavior: Development and validation of the YCSCB scale. Young consumers, 18(3), 312-326.
Geiger, S. M., Fischer, D. and Schrader, U. (2018). Measuring what matters in sustainable consumption: An integrative framework for the selection of relevant behaviors. Sustainable development, 26(1), 18-33.
Gelski, J. (2019, January 10), Sustainable product market could hit $150 billion in U.S. by 2021, Food business news. Retrieved from https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/13133-sustainable-product-market-could-hit-150-billion-in-us-by-2021.
Gelski, J. (2020, January 23), Interest in sustainable food choices increases 23%. Food business news. Retrieved from https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/15266-interest-in-sustainable-food-choices-increases-23.
Gray, S.G., Raimi, K.T., Wilson, R. and Árvai, J. (2019). Will Millennials save the world? The effect of age and generational differences on environmental concern. Journal of environmental management, 242, 394-402.
Hanss, D. and Böhm, G. (2012). Sustainability seen from the perspective of consumers. International journal of consumer stu-dies, 36(6), 678-687.
Haws, K. L., Winterich, K. P. and Naylor, R. W. (2014). Seeing the world through GREEN-tinted glasses: green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products. Journal of consumer psychology, 24(3), 336-354.
Hampl, N. and Loock, M. (2013). Sustainable development in retailing: What is the impact on store choice? Business strategy and the environment, 22(3), 202-216.
Heo, J. and Muralidharan, S. (2019). What triggers young Millennials to purchase eco-friendly products? The interrelationships among knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern. Journal of marketing communications, 25(4), 421–437.
Herbes, C., Beuthner, C. and Ramme, I. (2018). Consumer attitudes towards biobased packaging–A cross-cultural comparative stu-dy. Journal of cleaner production, 194, 203-218.
Honnold, J. (1984). Age and environmental concern some specification of effects, Journal of environmental education, 16(1), 4-9.
Huttunen, K. and Autio, M. (2010). Consumer ethoses in Finnish consumer life stories–Agrarianism, economism and green consu-merism. International journal of consumer studies, 34(2), 146-152.
Hwang, J. and Griffiths, M. A. (2017). Share more, drive less: Millennials value perception and behavioral intent in using collaborati-ve consumption services. Journal of consumer marketing, 34(2), 132–146.
Inglehart, R. (1977). The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni-versity Press.
Jerónimo, H.M., Henriques, P.L., de Lacerda, T.C., da Silva, F.P. and Vieira, P.R. (2020). Going green and sustainable: The influence of green HR practices on the organizational rationale for sustainability. Journal of business research, 112, pp.413-421.
Kadic-Maglajlic, S., Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., Micevski, M., Dlacic, J. and Zabkar, V. (2019). Being engaged is a good thing: Unders-tanding sustainable consumption behavior among young adults. Journal of business research, 104, 644-654.
Kamenidou, I.C., Mamalis, S.A., Pavlidis, S. and Bara, E.Z.G. (2019). Segmenting the generation Z cohort university students based on sustainable food consumption behavior: A preliminary study. Sustainability, 11(3), 83.
Kamenidou, I.C., Stavrianea, A. and Bara, E-Z. (2020). Generational differences toward organic food behavior: Insights from five generational cohorts. Sustainability, 12(6):2299.
Kronthal-Sacco, R. and Levin, L. (2021). Sustainably marketed products continue to grow in importance for CPG sales and margins. (blog) Retrieved from https://www.iriworldwide.com/en-us/insights/blog
Kushwah, S., Dhir, A., Sagar, M. and Gupta, B. (2019). Determinants of organic food consumption. A systematic literature review on motives and barriers. Appetite, 143, 104402.
Leary, R. B., Vann, R. J., Mittelstaedt, J. D., Murphy, P. E. and Sherry Jr, J. F. (2014). Changing the marketplace one behavior at a time: Perceived marketplace influence and sustainable consumption. Journal of business research, 67(9), 1953-1958.
Lee, J.A. and Holden S.J.S. (1999). Understanding the determinants of environmentally conscious behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 16(5), 373–92.
Liang, J. and Xu, Y. (2018). Second‐hand clothing consumption: A generational cohort analysis of the Chinese market. International journal of consumer studies, 42(1), 120-130.
Lim, W. M. (2017). Inside the sustainable consumption theoretical toolbox: Critical concepts for sustainability, consumption, and marketing. Journal of business research, 78, 69-80.
Ma, X., Park, C. and Moultrie, J. (2020). Factors for eliminating plastic in packaging: The European FMCG experts’ view. Journal of cleaner production, 256, 120492.
Modlinska, K., Adamczyk, D., Maison, D., and Pisula, W. (2020). Gender differences in attitudes to vegans/vegetarians and their food preferences, and their implications for promoting sustainable dietary patterns–A systematic review. Sustainability, 12(16), 6292.
Morelli, J. (2011). Environmental sustainability: A definition for environmental professionals. Journal of environmental sustainabili-ty, 1(1), 1-7.
McCollough, J. (2010). Consumer discount rates and the decision to repair or replace a durable product: A sustainable consumption issue. Journal of economic issues, 44(1), 183-204.
NielsenIq.com (2019). Sustainability continues to drive sales across the CPG landscape. Retrieved March 13, 2021 from https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/analysis/2019/sustainability-continues-to-drive-sales-across-the-cpg-landscape/.
Obal, M. and Kunz, W. (2013). Trust development in e‐services: A cohort analysis of millennials and baby boomers. Journal of service management, 24(1), 45-63.
Olsson, D. and Gericke, N. (2017). The effect of gender on students’ sustainability consciousness: A nationwide Swedish study. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(5), 357-370.
Park, H. J. and Lin, L. M. (2020). Exploring attitude–behavior gap in sustainable consumption: Comparison of recycled and upcycled fashion products. Journal of business research, 117, 623-628.
Rossiter, J. R. and Bergkvist, L. (2009). The importance of choosing one good item for single-item measures of attitude towards the ad and attitude towards the brand and its generalization to all measures. Transfer: Werbeforschung & praxis, 55(2), 8-18.
Sánchez-Bravo, P., Chambers, E., Noguera-Artiaga, L., Sendra, E., Chambers IV, E. and Carbonell-Barrachina, Á. A. (2021). Con-sumer understanding of sustainability concept in agricultural products. Food quality and preference, 89, 104136.
Şener, A. and Hazer, O. (2008). Values and sustainable consumption behavior of women: A Turkish sample. Sustainable Develop-ment, 16(5), 291-300.
Severo, E. A., De Guimarães, J. C. F. and Dellarmelin, M. L. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: Evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of cleaner production, 286, 124947.
Shrestha, B., Bajracharya, S.B., Keitsch, M. M. and Tiwari, S. R. (2020). Gender differences in household energy decision making and impacts in energy saving to achieve sustainability: A case of Kathmandu. Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1049-1062.
Stranieri, S., Ricci, E. C., and Banterle, A. (2017). Convenience food with environmentally-sustainable attributes: A consumer pers-pective. Appetite, 116, 11-20.
Tait,P., Saunders,C. Dalziel, P., Rutherford, P., Driver, T., Guenther, M. (2020). Comparing generational preferences for individual components of sustainability schemes in the Californian wine market, Applied economics letters, 27(13), 1091-1095.
Van Loo, E. J., Hoefkens, C. and Verbeke, W. (2017). Healthy, sustainable and plant-based eating: Perceived (mis) match and invol-vement-based consumer segments as targets for future policy. Food policy, 69, 46-57.
Wan, C., Shen, G. Q. and Choi, S. (2017). Experiential and instrumental attitudes: Interaction effect of attitude and subjective norm on recycling intention. Journal of environmental psychology, 50, 69-79.
Wiernik,B., Ones, D., & Dilchert, S. (2013). Age and environmental sustainability: a meta-analysis. Journal of managerial psychology, 28(7/8) 826-856.
Yamane, T. and Kaneko, S. (2021). Is the younger generation a driving force toward achieving the sustainable development goals? Survey experiments. Journal of cleaner production, 292, 125932.
Yang, K. and Jolly, L. D. (2008). Age cohort analysis in adoption of mobile data services: Gen Xers versus baby boomers. Journal of consumer marketing, 25(5), 272 – 280.
Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P.P. and Aldrich, C. (2000). Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism, Journal of social issues, 56(3), 443-457.
Issue
Section
Articles
Authors retain copyright of its works. Management Letters/Cuadernos de Gestión publications are licensed under Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC-ND, granting open access rights to society.
Specifically, CC-BY-NC-ND license permits any kind of use, distribution, publicize and copy the article, as long as the original author and source are properly recognized and for Non Commercial purposes.
The author can use the article freely always indicating that it has been published in Management Letters/Cuadernos de Gestión. Any re-edition of the article must be approved by the journal editorial team.