Impacto de la formación multifuncional en la resiliencia organizacional: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Publicado 16-04-2026
Sofía García-Manglano
Julien Maheut
Julio Juan Garcia-Sabater
Angel Ruiz

Resumen

Esta revisión sistemática analiza cómo la formación multifuncional (FM) contribuye a la resiliencia organizacional (RO) y cómo se ha modelizado y medido esta relación. Siguiendo PRISMA, se sintetizan 87 estudios mediante análisis descriptivo y codificación cualitativa estructurada en torno a tres preguntas. Primero, se revisan los enfoques metodológicos sobre la relación FM-RO y el grado en que incorporan explícitamente incertidumbre y dimensiones humanas y organizativas. Segundo, se sintetizan facilitadores y barreras para implantar y operacionalizar la FM, codificando solo mecanismos modelizados, medidos o reportados empíricamente. Tercero, se integran las familias de métricas empleadas para evaluar la contribución de la FM a la RO. Los resultados muestran que la literatura operacionaliza mayoritariamente la FM como arquitectura de cobertura de competencias y evalúa la resiliencia con indicadores indirectos de desempeño operativo bajo variabilidad (p. ej., tiempo de flujo, WIP, retrasos, nivel de servicio). Las barreras explícitas se vinculan sobre todo a fricciones de coste y factibilidad (coste de formación, pérdida de productividad, compromisos robustez-coste…), mientras que mecanismos de coordinación, condiciones organizativas y dinámicas de competencias se formalizan de forma irregular. La evidencia apunta a una brecha de medición: los beneficios en resiliencia se reportan ampliamente, pero rara vez se cuantifican bajo incertidumbre incorporando capacidad de despliegue y dinámicas humanas. Se propone una agenda para integrar modelización sensible a la incertidumbre con realismo organizativo y conductual, habilitando evaluaciones comparables y relevantes para la toma de decisiones sobre la FM como estrategia de resiliencia.

Cómo citar

García-Manglano, S., Maheut, J., Garcia-Sabater, J. J., & Ruiz, A. (2026). Impacto de la formación multifuncional en la resiliencia organizacional: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Cuadernos De Gestión, 26(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.252468jm
Abstract 25 | PDF (English) Downloads 15 Supplementary File (English) Downloads 0

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Keywords

Resiliencia organizacional, Formación multifuncional, Cross-training, Flexibilidad laboral, Incertidumbre, Variabilidad de la demanda

References
Adrian, B. (2014). The management of resilience in organisations. In S. Ionescu, M. Tomita, & S. Cace (Eds), Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu (pp. 1311-1314). (WOS:000342208700247).
Alvarez Gallo, S., & Maheut, J. (2023). Multi-criteria analysis for the evaluation of urban freight logistics solutions: A systematic literature review. Mathematics, 11(19), 4089. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11194089
Azizi, N., & Liang, M. (2013). An integrated approach to worker assignment, workforce flexibility acquisition, and task rotation. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 64(2), 260-275. https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.2012.30
Badakhshan, E., Mustafee, N., & Bahadori, R. (2024). Application of simulation and machine learning in supply chain management: A synthesis of the literature using the Sim-ML literature classification framework. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 198, P. 110649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2024.110649
Beltrán-Martín, I., & Roca-Puig, V. (2013). Promoting Employee Flexibility Through Hr Practices. Human Resource Management, 52(5), 645-674. (WOS:000325112100001). https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21556
Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBMa). (n.d.). CEBMa’s Methodological Search Filters. Retrieved https://cebma.org/resources/tools/cebmas-methodological-search-filters/
Coates, A., Fuad, A.-O., Hodgson, A., & Bourgeault, I. L. (2021). Health workforce strategies in response to major health events: A rapid scoping review with lessons learned for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00698-6
Day, L. (2022). Adaptive Staffing Models and their Translation to Future Disaster Response: What Can Be Learned from COVID Unit Staffing? Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 20(1). (WOS:000807709300015). https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2022.2142
de Carvalho, P., Righi, A., Huber, G., Lemos, C., Jatoba, A., & Gomes, J. (2018). Reflections on work as done (WAD) and work as imagined (WAI) in an emergency response organization: A study on firefighters training exercises. Applied Ergonomics, 68, 28-41. (WOS:000426224900004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.016
Felan, J. T., & Fry, T. D. (2001). Multi-level heterogeneous worker flexibility in a Dual Resource Constrained (DRC) job-shop. International Journal of Production Research, 39(14), 3041-3059. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540110047702
González, M. C. (2006). Flexibilización de las relaciones laborales: Una perspectiva teórica postfordista. Gaceta Laboral, 12(1), 33-69.
Graham, M. B., & Rosenthal, S. R. (1986). Flexible manufacturing systems require flexible people. Human Systems Management, 6(3), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-1986-6304
Henao, C. A., Batista, A., Porto, A. F., & González, V. I. (2022). Multiskilled personnel assignment problem under uncer-tain demand: A benchmarking analysis. Math. Biosci. Eng, 19(5), 4946-4975. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022232
Henao, C. A., Ferrer, J. C., Muñoz, J. C., & Vera, J. (2016). Multiskilling with closed chains in a service industry: A robust optimization approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 179, 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.06.013
Hopp, W. J., & Oyen, M. P. (2004). Agile workforce evaluation: A framework for cross-training and coordination. Iie Transactions, 36(10), 919-940. https://doi.org/10.1080/07408170490487759
Iravani, S. M., & Krishnamurthy, V. (2007). Workforce agility in repair and maintenance environments. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 9(2), 168-184. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.1060.0132
Marin-Garcia, J. A. (2021). Three-stage publishing to support evidence-based management practice. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 12(2), 56-95. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.11755
McCreery, J. K., & Krajewski, L. J. (1999). Improving performance using workforce flexibility in an assembly environment with learning and forgetting effects. International Journal of Production Research, 37(9), 2031-2058. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075499190897
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., & Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic re-views. Bmj, 372.
Porto, A. F., Henao, C. A., Lusa, A., Mejía, O. P., & Solano, R. P. (2022). Solving a staffing problem with annualized hours, multiskilling with 2-chaining, and overtime: A retail industry case. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 167, 107999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.107999
Porto, A. F., Lusa, A., Herazo, S. A., & Henao, C. A. (2025). Improving the robustness of retail workforce management with a labor flexibility strategy and consideration of demand uncertainty. Operations Research Perspectives, 15, 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2025.100345
Sawhney, R. (2013). Implementing labor flexibility: A missing link between acquired labor flexibility and plant perform-ance. Journal of Operations Management, 31(1-2), 98-108. (WOS:000315306700010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2012.11.003
Slomp, J., & Suresh, N. C. (2005). The shift team formation problem in multi-shift manufacturing operations. European Journal of Operational Research, 165(3), 708-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.01.034
Su, Y., Wang, L., Chen, T., Liao, L., Hu, S., & Yang, Y. (2023). Development and validation of the Nurse Team Resil-ience Scale (NTRS) in the context of public health emergencies. BMC NURSING, 22(1). (WOS:001128692800001). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01627-9
Talab, F., Ahadinezhad, B., Khosravizadeh, O., & Amerzadeh, M. (2024). A model of the organizational resilience of hospitals in emergencies and disasters. BMC Emergency Medicine, 24(1). (WOS:001253227200001). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-01026-6
Vogus, T. J., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Organizational resilience: Towards a theory and research agenda. 3418-3422. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4414160
Wise, S., Duffield, C., Fry, M., & Roche, M. (2020). Clarifying workforce flexibility from a division of labor perspective: A mixed methods study of an emergency department team. Human Resources for Health, 18(1). (WOS:000519011300002). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-0460-7
Sección
Artículos