Reconstrucción sintáctica e indoeuropeo: estado de la cuestión
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Publicado
13-12-2016
Thórhallur Eythórsson
Jóhanna Barðdal
Resumen
El interés por la reconstrucción sintáctica estaba presente en la obra de los padres fundadores del Método Comparativo, incluidos Franz Bopp y sus contemporáneos. Los neogramáticos retomaron este interés por las cuestiones sintácticas, y se centraron especialmente en la sintaxis descriptiva comparada. En el siglo xx, la investigación de corte tipológico dio lugar a varias propuestas de reconstrucción de un orden de palabras no marcado. Esta labor encontró la oposición crítica de Watkins (1976), lo cual tuvo la desafortunada consecuencia de que el trabajo en reconstrucción lingüística fue prácticamente abandonado. Sin embargo, los trabajos pioneros de Hale (1987a), Garrett (1990) y Harris & Campbell (1995) mostraron que la reconstrucción sintáctica podía ser abordada de modo satisfactorio. A día de hoy, la reconstrucción sintáctica se lleva a cabo en tres corrientes lingüísticas: (i) la indoeuropeística tradicional, (ii) la lingüística formal-generativa, (iii) la gramática de construcciones. Las propuestas derivadas de las dos primeras escuelas lingüísticas resultan ser incompletas, bien por la falta de una representación formal explícita, bien por la falta de adecuación representacional necesaria para explicar los detalles de las correspondencias entre forma y significado que subyacen a cualquier análisis de reconstrucción lingüística. Por el contrario, la gramática de construcciones tiene a su disposición un formalismo representacional elaborado en el que todos los aspectos gramaticales pueden ser explicitados, de modo que es posible la formulación exacta de las correspondencias entre forma y significado que es necesaria para llevar a cabo una reconstrucción completa. Todo esto se va a ilustrar en este artículo con la reconstrucción de varias relaciones gramaticales del proto-germánico en las que están implicadas una serie de construcciones de estructura argumental y los tests de sujeto que se aplican en la gramática de la proto-lengua.
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References
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Hale, M., 2015, «The Comparative Method: Theoretical Issues», in C. Bowern & B. Evans (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics, London: Routledge, 146-160.
Harris, A. C., 1985, Diachronic Syntax: The Kartvelian Case, New York: Academic Press.
Harris, A. C., 2008, «Reconstruction in Syntax: Reconstruction of Patterns», in G. Ferraresi & M. Goldbach (eds.),Principles of Syntactic Reconstruction, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 73-95.
Harris, A. C., & L. Campbell 1995, Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Havers, W., 1911, Untersuchungen zur Kasussyntax der idg. Sprachen, Strassburg: Trübner.
Hermann, E., 1895, «Gab es im Indogermanischen Nebensätze?», Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen 33.4, 481-534.
Hock, H. H., 1986, Principles of Historical Linguistics, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hock, H. H., 2006, «The Insular Celtic Absolute: Conjunct Distinction Once Again: A Prosodic Proposal», in K. Jones-Bley, M. E. Huld, A. Della Volpe & M. Robbins Dexter, Proceedings of the 16th UCLA IndoEuropean Conference. Los Angeles, Nov. 5-6, 2005, Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 153-172.
Hock, H. H., 2013, «Reconstruction, Typology, Validation», Journal of Historical Linguistics 3.1, 49-76.
Jeffers, R. J., 1976, «Syntactic change and syntactic reconstruction», in W. M. Christie, Jr. (ed.), Current Progress in Historical Linguistics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1-15.
Jolly, J., 1872, Ein Kapitel vergleichender Syntax: Der Conjunktiv und Optativ und die Nebensätze im Zend und Altpersischen, Munich: Ackermann.
Keydana, G., 2013, Infinitive im Rigveda: Formen, Funktion, Diachronie, Leiden: Brill.
Kikusawa, R., 2002, Proto Central Pacific Ergativity: Its Reconstruction and Development in the Fijian, Rotuman and Polynesian languages, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Kikusawa, R., 2003, «The Development of Some Indonesian Pronominal Systems», in B. J. Blake, K. Burridge & J. Taylor (eds.), Historical Linguistics 2001: Selected Papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Melbourne, 13-17 August 2001, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 237-268.
Klein, J. S., 1992, On Verbal Accentuation in the Rigveda (= American Oriental Society Essay, 11), New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society.
Kulikov, L., & N. Lavidas, 2013a, «Reconstructing Passive and Voice in Proto-Indo-European», Journal of Historical Linguistics 3.1, 101-124.
Kulikov, L., & N. Lavidas (eds.) 2013b, «Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development», a guest-edited issue of Journal of Historical Linguistics 3.1, 1-152.
Lehmann, W. P., 1974, Proto-Indo-European Syntax, Austin: University of Texas Press.
Lightfoot, D. W., 1979, Principles of Diachronic Syntax, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lightfoot, D. W., 2002a, «Myths and the Prehistory of Grammars», Journal of Linguistics 38.1, 113-136.
Lightfoot, D. W., 2002b, «More Myths», Journal of Linguistics 38.3, 619-626.
Lühr, R., 2008, «Competitive Indo-European Syntax», in G. Ferraresi & M. Goldbach, Principles of Syntactic Reconstruction, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 121-159.
Luján, E. R., J. Barðdal & S. Gildea (eds.), 2017, Reconstructing Syntax, Leiden: Brill.
Luján, E. R., & Á. López Chala 2017, «Reconstructing Semantic Roles: Proto-Indo-European *-bhi as a Case Study», to appear in E. R. Luján, J. Barðdal & S. Gildea (eds.), Reconstructing Syntax, Brill: Leiden.
Luraghi, S., 2017, «External Possessor Constructions in Indo-European», to appear in E. R. Luján, J. Barðdal & S. Gildea (eds.), Reconstructing Syntax, Brill: Leiden.
Mendoza, J., 1998, Sintaxis. Manual de Lingüística Indoeuropea III, en F. R. Adrados, A. Bernabé & J. Mendoza, Madrid: Ediciones Clásicas, 141-246.
Mengden, F. von. 2008, «Reconstructing Complex Structures: A Typological Perspective», in G. Ferraresi & M. Goldbach (eds.), Principles of Syntactic Reconstruction, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 97-119.
Miller, D. G., 1975, «Indo-European: VSO, SOV, SVO, or all three?», Lingua 37, 31-52.
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Sección
Dossier monográfico: Franz Bopp and his Comparative Grammar model (1816-2016)
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