Obozitoak in vitro heltzeko teknika (IVM): enbrioiaren garapen egokirako erronka

Abstract

Oocyte’s maturation is a very important process in fertility because it is necessary for subsequent fertilization. In addition, maturation process influences the embryo, since the quality of the developing embryo is directly related to the maturity and the quality of the oocyte. This growth culminates just prior to ovulation during oocyte maturation. Adequate nuclear and cytoplasmic changes associated with maturation process of oocytes are fundamental for correct ovulation and subsequent fertilization. One of the main challenges is to determine the molecular pathways that regulate that maturation process. In addition, to better understanding female reproductive physiology, we could help to optimize the reproductive techniques by modulating the process of oocyte in vitro maturation, through the IVM technique. This technique consists in turning immature oocytes to mature exogenously in a culture media supplemented with different molecules to promote maturation. The most important advantage of IVM method is that could be the only hope or, at least, an alternative for a high number of patients unable to tolerate high doses of gonadotropins. Among the ARTs, the in vitro maturation oocytes (IVM) is less developed than other techniques, but its implementation would entail a qualitative advance.