Forma-memoria ehun biobateragarrien ekoizpena

Abstract

The study of new materials has led to the creation of smart materials. These materials can reversely change one of their property when are exposed to external stimulus. Inside this wide group, shape-memory polyurethanes can be found which possess shape-memory effect. Thanks to this effect, when they are exposure to a heat source their original shape is change into a temporary one. Once the new shape is achieved, the heat source is removed in order to fix them in the new shape. Finally, reheating again their original shape is recovered. In this work, shape-memory polyurethanes (SMPU) have been synthesised using poly(methyl ether)glycol, isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate, and castor oil and 1,4-butanediol as chain-extenders. Biocompatible SMPUs were achieved using natural origin castor oil reagent during the synthesis. All polyurethanes have been characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) in order to know their physical-chemical features. FTIR technique was used for monitoring the reactions and to confirm that the isocyanate groups had completely reacted. DMA was used to know the glass transition temperature. It was check that decreasing the poliol molecular weight or increasing the stoichiometry value the glass-transition temperature value increases. Finally with TMA was evaluated that all synthesised polyurethanes had shape-memory effect. Polyurethanes can be applied in many application, thus, the objective has been the process of making biocompatible smart-textile. The process of getting textile started transforming the polymer into fibres. Due to this, electrospinning and extrusion techniques have been applied to process the fibres. Finally, fibres are woven to get textile using different methods.