Klik kimika: erabilera askotariko erreakzio Nobel sariduna

Abstract

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Carolyn R. Bertozzy, Morten Meldal and Karl B. Sharpless for the development of a novel procedure enabling effective and quickly synthesis of diverse compounds, known as Click Chemistry. Click reactions offer numerous advantages, for example, they are experimentally easy, they tolerate a wide range of reaction conditions as well as oxygen and water, they exhibit high selectivity and regiospecificity, provide quantitative yields and they involve easy purification processes. Moreover, click reactions can be categorized into four primary groups: nucleophilic ring opening reactions, cycloadditions, carbonyl no aldolic reactions and addition reactions on C-C multiple bonds. Among click reactions, the copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction stands out as the most known click reaction. Indeed, it has found extensive application in diverse fields including material chemistry, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry. For instance, it is frequently employed in bioconjugation reactions, binding covalently biologically active molecules onto metallic or polymeric surfaces. Furthermore, this reaction plays a crucial role in the synthesis of drugs, or in the development of improved thermostable materials as well as or in the crosslinking of hydrogels that can be used as catalyst. Moreover, Bertozzi expanded the realm of click chemistry by pioneering the copper-free click reaction, in biology media, thereby developing bio-orthogonal chemistry.