Listu-biomarkatzaileak: hanturazko gaixotasunak diagnostikatzeko tresna ez-inbaditzailea

Abstract

Saliva is increasingly recognised as a valuable source of information for the diagnosis and monitoring of both oral and systemic diseases. This complex biological fluid contains a variety of biomarkers, molecules that can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the body. Its unique composition results from the exchange of substances between saliva and the bloodstream, making it a rich medium for detecting disease-related changes. One of saliva’s most notable advantages is its collection process—simple, non-invasive, and reproducible—making it an attractive alternative to traditional blood tests, particularly for frequent monitoring. Inflammation, a physiological response that often precedes chronic diseases, is one area where salivary biomarkers hold great promise. By analysing these salivary biomarkers, it may be possible to detect diseases at an earlier stage, monitor their progression, and assess the efficacy of treatments. Current research is focusing on the use of salivary biomarker analysis for conditions ranging from periodontal disease to systemic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. As techniques improve, saliva-based diagnostics could become an essential tool in clinical practice, offering a cost-effective, patient-friendly approach to personalised medicine and preventive healthcare.