Determinantes sociales y cognitivos en el espíritu emprendedor: un estudio exploratorio entre estudiantes argentinos
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Publicado
18-09-2018
María Isabel Delgado Piña
Luis Gómez Martínez
Ana María Romero Martínez
Elena Vázquez Inchausti
Resumen
En este artículo analizamos las intenciones de emprender un negocio por parte de un grupo de estudiantes argentinos que cursaban la especialización en Dirección Estratégica de Recursos Humanos en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Los resultados del estudio muestran que estos estudiantes desean crear su propio negocio, pero las posibilidades de creación del mismo dependen de varios factores. Entre todos ellos destaca la autoeficacia; aquellos estudiantes que muestran puntuaciones más elevadas en esta variable son los que manifiestan más intención por crear un negocio.Esta intención, en contra de lo esperado, es menor para los alumnos que señalan poseer más apoyo social. No encontramos que las cargas familiares o la experiencia previa en creación de empresas tengan un efecto significativo.
Cómo citar
Delgado Piña, M. I., Gómez Martínez, L., Romero Martínez, A. M., & Vázquez Inchausti, E. (2018). Determinantes sociales y cognitivos en el espíritu emprendedor: un estudio exploratorio entre estudiantes argentinos. Cuadernos De Gestión, 8(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19105md
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Keywords
intención emprendedora, factores sociales, factores cognitivos
References
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ÁLVAREZ, J. L. (1993): «The popularization of business ideas: The case of entrepreneurship in the 1980s». Management Education and Development, vol. 24, nº 1, pp. 26-42.
BARON, R. A. (2004): «The cognitive perspective: a valuable tool for answering entrepreneurship´s basic «why» questions». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 19, pp. 221-239.
BAUGHN, C. C.; CAO, J.S. R.; LE, L. T. M.; LIM, V. A.; NEUPERT, K. E. (2006): «Normative, social and cognitive predictors of entrepreneurial interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, vol. 11, nº 1, pp. 57-77.
BECKER, G. S. (1964): Human Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
BEGLEY, T. M.; TAN, W.; SCHOCH, H. (2005): «Politico-economic factors associated with interest in starting a business: A multi-country study». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 29, nº 1, pp. 35-55.
BIRD, B. J.; JELINEK, M. (1988): «The Operation of Entrepreneurial Intentions». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 13 nº 2, pp 21-29.
BOURDIEU, P. (1983): «Forms of capital». En J. Richardson (Ed.): Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education., Nueva York: Greenwood Press, pp. 241-258.
BROCKHAUS, R. H.; NORD, W. R. (1979): «An exploration of factors affecting the entrepreneurial decision: personal characteristics versus environmental conditions». Academy of Management Conference, pp. 364-368.
BUSENITZ, L. W.; GÓMEZ, C.; SPENCER, J. (2000): «Country institucional profi les: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena». Academy of Management Journal, vol. 43, nº 5, pp. 994-1003.
BYGRAVE, W. D.; HOFER, C. W. (1991): «Theorizing about entrepreneurship». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 13-22.
COLEMAN, J. (1988): «Social capital in the creation of human capital». American Journal Sociology, vol. 94, pp. S95-S120.
COLEMAN, J. (1990): Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
CROMIE, S.; CALLAGHAN, I.; JANSEN, M. (1992): «The entrepreneurial tendencies of managers: A research note». British Journal of Management, vol. 3, pp. 1-5.
DAVIDSSON, P.; HONIG, B. (2003): «The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 18, pp. 301-331.
DE NOBLE, A. F.; JUNG, D.; EHRLICH, S. B. (1999): «Entrepreneurial self-effi cacy: The development of a measure and its relationship to entrepreneurial action». En P. Reynolds et al. (Eds.): Frontiers of entrepreneurship research. Babson College, MA: Babson Park, pp. 73-87.
DEMARTINO, R.; BARBATO, R. (2002): «An analysis of the motivational factors of intending entrepreneurs». Journal of Small Business Strategy, vol. 13, nº 2, pp. 26-36.
EDE, F. O.; PANIGRAHI, B.; CALCICH, S. E. (1998): «African american students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship education». Journal of Education for Business, vol. 73, pp. 291-296.
GREVE, A.; SALAFF, J. (2003): «Social networks and entrepreneurship». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 28, nº 1, pp. 1-22.
HENDERSON, R.; ROBERTSON, M. (1999): «Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adults’ attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career». Education & Training, vol. 41, nº 5, pp. 236-245.
HILLS, G. E.; WELSCH, H. (1986): «Entrepreneurship behavioural intentions and student independence, characteristics and experiences». En Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson Park, MA: Babson College, pp. 173-186.
JACKSON, J. E.; KLICH, J.; POZNANSKA, K. (1999): «Firm creation and economic transitions».
JOHANNISSON, B.; JOHNSSON, T. (1988): Företagsetablering I nät: En regional studie av kontakters betydelse inför och under företagsetableringen. Vaxjo College, Sweden. Working Paper. (Establishing fi rms in networks: A regional study of the impact of contacts before and during establishment of fi rms).
KRUEGER, N. F. (1993): «The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture desirability and feasibility». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, nº 1, pp. 5-21.
KRUEGER, N. F.; REILLY, M.; CARSRUD, A. (2000): «Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 15, pp. 411-432.
KRUEGER, N. J.; BRAZEAL, D. V. (1994): «Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, nº 3, pp. 91-103.
KRUEGER, N. J.; CARSRUD, A. (1993): «Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour». Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 5, pp. 315-330.
LARSON, A. (1991): «Partner networks: Leveraging external ties to improve entrepreneurial performance». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 6, nº 3, pp. 173-188.
LAW, M. B.; MACMILLAN, I. C. (1988): «Entrepreneurship past research and future challenges». Journal of Management, vol. 14, pp. 139-161.
LAZEAR, E. P. (2005): «Entrepreneurship». Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 23, nº 4, pp. 649-680
LIN, N.; ENTEL, W.; BAUGHN, J. (1981): «Social resources and strength of ties: structural factors in occupational status attainment». American Sociology Review, vol. 46, nº 4, pp. 393-405.
LOURY, G. (1987): «Why should we care about group inequality?» Social Philosophy Policy, vol. 5, pp. 249-271.
LUTHANS, F.; STAJKOVIC, A.; IBRAYEVA, E. (2000): «Environmental and psychological challenges facing entreprenerial development in transitional economics». Journal of World Business, vol. 35, nº 1, pp. 95-110.
MILLER, N. J.; WINTER, M.; FITZGERALD, M. A.; PAUL, J. (2000): «Family microenterprises: Strategies for coping with overlapping family and business demands». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, vol. 5, nº 2, pp. 87-113.
MINCER, J. (1974): Schooling, experience and earnings. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
PORTES, A. (1998): «Social capital». Annual Review Sociology, vol. 23, pp. 1-24.
PUTNAM, R. (2000): Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American Community. Nueva York: Simon and Schuster.
REYNOLDS, P. D.; CAMP, S. M.; BYGRAVE, W.; AUTIO, E.; HAY, M. (2001): Global entrepreneurship monitor 2001 Executive Report. Babson College, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership and London Business School.
ROSENBLATT, P. C.; DE MIK, L.; ANDERSON, R. M.; JOHNSON, P. A. (1985): The family in Business. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
SAGIE, A.; ELIZUR, D. (1999): «Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: A structural analysis». Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 20, pp. 375-387.
SCHULTZ, T. (1959): «Investment in man: An economist´s view». Social Service Review, vol. 33, nº 2, pp. 69-75.
SHANE, E. S.; VENKATARAMAN, S. (2000): «The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research». Academy of Management Review, vol. 26, nº 1, pp. 13-17.
STANWORTH, J.; STANWORTH, C.; GRANGER, B.; BLYTH, S. (1989): «Who becomes an entrepreneur?». International Small Business Journal, vol. 8, pp. 11-22.
VECIANA, J. (1999): «Creación de Empresas como Programa de Investigación Científi ca». Revista Europea de dirección y economía de la empresa, vol. 8 nº 3, pp. 11-36.
WILLIAMS, D. R. (2004): «Effects of childcare activities on the duration of self-employment in Europe». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 28, nº 5, pp. 467-485.
WINTER, M.; PUSPITAWATI, H.; HECK, R. K. Z.; STAFFORD, K. (1993): «Time-management strategies used by households with home-based work». Journal of Family and Economic Issues, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 69-92.
ÁLVAREZ, J. L. (1993): «The popularization of business ideas: The case of entrepreneurship in the 1980s». Management Education and Development, vol. 24, nº 1, pp. 26-42.
BARON, R. A. (2004): «The cognitive perspective: a valuable tool for answering entrepreneurship´s basic «why» questions». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 19, pp. 221-239.
BAUGHN, C. C.; CAO, J.S. R.; LE, L. T. M.; LIM, V. A.; NEUPERT, K. E. (2006): «Normative, social and cognitive predictors of entrepreneurial interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, vol. 11, nº 1, pp. 57-77.
BECKER, G. S. (1964): Human Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
BEGLEY, T. M.; TAN, W.; SCHOCH, H. (2005): «Politico-economic factors associated with interest in starting a business: A multi-country study». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 29, nº 1, pp. 35-55.
BIRD, B. J.; JELINEK, M. (1988): «The Operation of Entrepreneurial Intentions». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 13 nº 2, pp 21-29.
BOURDIEU, P. (1983): «Forms of capital». En J. Richardson (Ed.): Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education., Nueva York: Greenwood Press, pp. 241-258.
BROCKHAUS, R. H.; NORD, W. R. (1979): «An exploration of factors affecting the entrepreneurial decision: personal characteristics versus environmental conditions». Academy of Management Conference, pp. 364-368.
BUSENITZ, L. W.; GÓMEZ, C.; SPENCER, J. (2000): «Country institucional profi les: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena». Academy of Management Journal, vol. 43, nº 5, pp. 994-1003.
BYGRAVE, W. D.; HOFER, C. W. (1991): «Theorizing about entrepreneurship». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 13-22.
COLEMAN, J. (1988): «Social capital in the creation of human capital». American Journal Sociology, vol. 94, pp. S95-S120.
COLEMAN, J. (1990): Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
CROMIE, S.; CALLAGHAN, I.; JANSEN, M. (1992): «The entrepreneurial tendencies of managers: A research note». British Journal of Management, vol. 3, pp. 1-5.
DAVIDSSON, P.; HONIG, B. (2003): «The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 18, pp. 301-331.
DE NOBLE, A. F.; JUNG, D.; EHRLICH, S. B. (1999): «Entrepreneurial self-effi cacy: The development of a measure and its relationship to entrepreneurial action». En P. Reynolds et al. (Eds.): Frontiers of entrepreneurship research. Babson College, MA: Babson Park, pp. 73-87.
DEMARTINO, R.; BARBATO, R. (2002): «An analysis of the motivational factors of intending entrepreneurs». Journal of Small Business Strategy, vol. 13, nº 2, pp. 26-36.
EDE, F. O.; PANIGRAHI, B.; CALCICH, S. E. (1998): «African american students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship education». Journal of Education for Business, vol. 73, pp. 291-296.
GREVE, A.; SALAFF, J. (2003): «Social networks and entrepreneurship». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 28, nº 1, pp. 1-22.
HENDERSON, R.; ROBERTSON, M. (1999): «Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adults’ attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career». Education & Training, vol. 41, nº 5, pp. 236-245.
HILLS, G. E.; WELSCH, H. (1986): «Entrepreneurship behavioural intentions and student independence, characteristics and experiences». En Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson Park, MA: Babson College, pp. 173-186.
JACKSON, J. E.; KLICH, J.; POZNANSKA, K. (1999): «Firm creation and economic transitions».
JOHANNISSON, B.; JOHNSSON, T. (1988): Företagsetablering I nät: En regional studie av kontakters betydelse inför och under företagsetableringen. Vaxjo College, Sweden. Working Paper. (Establishing fi rms in networks: A regional study of the impact of contacts before and during establishment of fi rms).
KRUEGER, N. F. (1993): «The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture desirability and feasibility». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, nº 1, pp. 5-21.
KRUEGER, N. F.; REILLY, M.; CARSRUD, A. (2000): «Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 15, pp. 411-432.
KRUEGER, N. J.; BRAZEAL, D. V. (1994): «Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, nº 3, pp. 91-103.
KRUEGER, N. J.; CARSRUD, A. (1993): «Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour». Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 5, pp. 315-330.
LARSON, A. (1991): «Partner networks: Leveraging external ties to improve entrepreneurial performance». Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 6, nº 3, pp. 173-188.
LAW, M. B.; MACMILLAN, I. C. (1988): «Entrepreneurship past research and future challenges». Journal of Management, vol. 14, pp. 139-161.
LAZEAR, E. P. (2005): «Entrepreneurship». Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 23, nº 4, pp. 649-680
LIN, N.; ENTEL, W.; BAUGHN, J. (1981): «Social resources and strength of ties: structural factors in occupational status attainment». American Sociology Review, vol. 46, nº 4, pp. 393-405.
LOURY, G. (1987): «Why should we care about group inequality?» Social Philosophy Policy, vol. 5, pp. 249-271.
LUTHANS, F.; STAJKOVIC, A.; IBRAYEVA, E. (2000): «Environmental and psychological challenges facing entreprenerial development in transitional economics». Journal of World Business, vol. 35, nº 1, pp. 95-110.
MILLER, N. J.; WINTER, M.; FITZGERALD, M. A.; PAUL, J. (2000): «Family microenterprises: Strategies for coping with overlapping family and business demands». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, vol. 5, nº 2, pp. 87-113.
MINCER, J. (1974): Schooling, experience and earnings. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
PORTES, A. (1998): «Social capital». Annual Review Sociology, vol. 23, pp. 1-24.
PUTNAM, R. (2000): Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American Community. Nueva York: Simon and Schuster.
REYNOLDS, P. D.; CAMP, S. M.; BYGRAVE, W.; AUTIO, E.; HAY, M. (2001): Global entrepreneurship monitor 2001 Executive Report. Babson College, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership and London Business School.
ROSENBLATT, P. C.; DE MIK, L.; ANDERSON, R. M.; JOHNSON, P. A. (1985): The family in Business. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
SAGIE, A.; ELIZUR, D. (1999): «Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: A structural analysis». Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 20, pp. 375-387.
SCHULTZ, T. (1959): «Investment in man: An economist´s view». Social Service Review, vol. 33, nº 2, pp. 69-75.
SHANE, E. S.; VENKATARAMAN, S. (2000): «The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research». Academy of Management Review, vol. 26, nº 1, pp. 13-17.
STANWORTH, J.; STANWORTH, C.; GRANGER, B.; BLYTH, S. (1989): «Who becomes an entrepreneur?». International Small Business Journal, vol. 8, pp. 11-22.
VECIANA, J. (1999): «Creación de Empresas como Programa de Investigación Científi ca». Revista Europea de dirección y economía de la empresa, vol. 8 nº 3, pp. 11-36.
WILLIAMS, D. R. (2004): «Effects of childcare activities on the duration of self-employment in Europe». Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 28, nº 5, pp. 467-485.
WINTER, M.; PUSPITAWATI, H.; HECK, R. K. Z.; STAFFORD, K. (1993): «Time-management strategies used by households with home-based work». Journal of Family and Economic Issues, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 69-92.
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