Rural tourism as diversification strategy: determinants and performance in Galicia
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Published
18-09-2018
María Isabel Diéguez Castrillón
Ana Gueimonde Canto
Ana I. Sinde Cantorna
Abstract
Determinants and performance of diversification strategy have been approached frequently in the literature. Nevertheless, there are only a few studies that analyze the diversification in sectors where the impulse to diversify is not strictly economic, but political or social. Diversification of agricultural and farm activity towards the tourism in Galicia is a clear example. The aim of this paper is to determine the factors that motivate holders of farmers to initiating a strategy of diversification towards the tourism, as well as the dimensions of the managerial relevant results for the owners who diversify. Results of the analysis on a representative sample of rural tourism establishments of Galicia indicate the multidimensional and heterogeneity of the analyzed constructs. Social motivations acquire prominence, in the same way that subjective measures of performance related to the improvement of the environment and customer orientation.
How to Cite
Diéguez Castrillón, M. I., Gueimonde Canto, A., & Sinde Cantorna, A. I. (2018). Rural tourism as diversification strategy: determinants and performance in Galicia. Cuadernos De Gestión, 9(2), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19093md
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Keywords
Diversification, rural tourism, agrarian activity, determinant factors of diversification, performance
References
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BOTE V. (1996): «La investigación en España sobre el turismo y desarrollo económico», Estudios turísticos, nº 129, pp. 9-22.
BOWMAN, E. Y HELFAT, C. (2001): Does corporate strategy matter?, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 22, pp. 1-23.
CHRISTENSEN, H. K. Y MONTGOMERY, C. A. (1981): «Corporate economic performance: Diversification strategy versus market structure», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 2, pp. 327-343.
CLAVER, E.; ANDREU R.; QUER, D. (2006): «Las ventajas de la diversificación estratégica para las empresas turísticas españolas. Una visión desde la teoría de recursos», Cuadernos de turismo, nº 17, pp. 51-73.
CONSELLO GALEGO DE RELACIÓNS LABORAIS (2006): Situación Sociolaboral da Comunidade Autónoma Galega
DAMIANOS D.; SKURAS D. (1996): «Farm Business and the development of alternative faros enterprise: an empirical analysis in Greece», Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 12, nº3, pp.273-283.
DASKALOPOULOU, I.; PETROU, A. (2002): «Utilising a farm typology to identify potential adopters of alternative farming activities in Greek agriculture», Journal of Rural Studies, nº 18, pp. 95-103.
DETHIER, J. L. (coord.) (1999): Ex-post evaluation of the LEADER I Community Iniciative 1989-1993. European Comission and DG Agriculture, Bruselas
ESTEBAN A. (2000): «La investigación turística en la universidad española» Estudios turísticos, nº 144-145, pp. 155-180.
EVANS, N.J.; ILBERY, B.W. (1989): «A conceptual framework for investigating Farm-Based Accommodation and Tourism in Britain», Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 5, nº 3, pp. 257-66.
FIGUEROLA M (2000): «Los trabajos de investigación de la economía del turismo en el Instituto de Estudios Turísticos (1974-1993)» Estudios turísticos, nº 144-145, pp. 17-45.
GRANT, R.M. (2002): «Corporate strategy: managing scope and strategy content». En PETTIGREW, A.; THOMAS, H. Y WHITTINGTON, R. (eds.), Handbook of Strategy and Management. Sage Publications. Londres: pp. 72-97.
HABER, S.; REICHEL, A. (2005): «Identifying Performance Measures of Small Ventures – The case of tourism industry», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 43, nº 3, pp. 257-283.
HEGARTY, C.; PRZEZBORSKA, L. (2005): «Rural agri-tourism as a tool for reorganising rural areas in old and new member states – a comparison study of Ireland and Poland- « International Journal of Tourism Research, nº 7, pp. 63-77.
HOSKISSON, R.E. Y HITT, M.A. (1990). «Antecedents and performance outcomes of diversification: a review and critique of theoretical perspectives», Journal of Management, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 461-509.
ILBERY, B; BOWLER, I.; CLARCK, G; Crockett, A.; Shaw, A. (1998): «Farm-based tourism as a alternative farm enterprise: A case study from the Northern Pennines, England», Regional Studies, vol. 32, pp.355-364.
INSTITUTO GALEGO DE ESTADÍTICA (IGE): http://www.ige.eu
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MCCOOL, S.; MOISERY N. (2001): Tourism Recreation and Sustainability: Linking Culture and the Environment, CABI Publishing.
MCGEHEE, N; KIM, K. (2004): «Motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 43, pp. 161-170.
MCGEHEE, N; KIM, K.; JENNINGS, G. (2006): «Gender and motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship», Tourism Management, vol. 28, nº 1, pp. 280-289.
MCNALLY, S. (2001): «Farm diversification in England and Wales – what can we learn from the farm business survey?», Journal of Rural Studies, nº 17, pp. 247-257.
MONTGOMERY, C. A. (1985): «Product–market diversification and market power», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 8, pp. 789-798.
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PARK, C. (2002): «The effects of prior performance on the choice between related and unrelated acquisitions: Implications for the performance consequences of diversification strategy», Journal of Management Studies, vol. 39, nº 7, pp. 1003-1019.
PARK, C. (2003): «Research notes and commentaries: Prior performance characteristics of related and unrelated acquirers», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 24, pp. 471-480.
PENROSE, E. T. (1959): The theory of the growth of the firm, Wiley, New York.
PEREZ FRA, M; LOPEZ IGLESIAS, E.. (2006) «La contribución del turismo a la diversificación de actividades en un espacio rural periférico. Análisis del impacto de la iniciativa leader en Galicia», Revista de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, nº 206 pp. 111-135.
PETERAF, M. A. (1993): «The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource–based view», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 14, pp. 179-191.
PHILLIPS, P.A. (1996): «Strategic Planning and Business Performance in the Quoted UK Hotel Sectors: Results of an Exploratory Study», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 15, nº 4, pp. 347-362.
POLOVITZ, N; BLACK, R.; MCCOOL, S. (2001): «Agrotourism: motivations behind farm/ranch business diversification»; Journal of Travel Research, vol. 40, pp. 19-26.
ROBINS, J. Y WIERSEMA, M. (1995): «A resource–based approach to the multibusiness firm: Empirical analysis of portfolio interrelationships and corporate financial performance», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 16, pp. 277-299.
TEECE, D. J. (1980): «Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise», Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, vol. 1, pp. 223-247.
TEECE, D.; PISANO, G.; SHUEN, A. (1997): Dynamic capabilities and strategic management», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, pp. 509-533.
TÖDTLING-SCHÖNNOFER, H. (coord.) (2003): Ex-post evaluation of the Community Iniciative LEADER II. Final Report. European Comission and DG Agriculture. Vienna
WALFORD, N. (2001): «Patterns of development in tourist accommodation enterprises on farms in England and Wales», Applied Geography, vol. 21, pp. 331-345.
WILSON, S.; FESENMAIER, D.; FESENMAIER, J.; VAN ES, J. (2001): «Factors for Success in Rural Tourism Development», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 40, pp. 132-138.
BETTIS, R. A. (1981): «Performance differences in related and unrelated diversified firms», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 2, pp. 379-393.
BIGNE E. (1996): «Turismo y marketing, Una revisión y perspectivas de futuro» Revista de Estudios Turísticos, nº 129 pp. 105-127.
BOTE V. (1996): «La investigación en España sobre el turismo y desarrollo económico», Estudios turísticos, nº 129, pp. 9-22.
BOWMAN, E. Y HELFAT, C. (2001): Does corporate strategy matter?, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 22, pp. 1-23.
CHRISTENSEN, H. K. Y MONTGOMERY, C. A. (1981): «Corporate economic performance: Diversification strategy versus market structure», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 2, pp. 327-343.
CLAVER, E.; ANDREU R.; QUER, D. (2006): «Las ventajas de la diversificación estratégica para las empresas turísticas españolas. Una visión desde la teoría de recursos», Cuadernos de turismo, nº 17, pp. 51-73.
CONSELLO GALEGO DE RELACIÓNS LABORAIS (2006): Situación Sociolaboral da Comunidade Autónoma Galega
DAMIANOS D.; SKURAS D. (1996): «Farm Business and the development of alternative faros enterprise: an empirical analysis in Greece», Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 12, nº3, pp.273-283.
DASKALOPOULOU, I.; PETROU, A. (2002): «Utilising a farm typology to identify potential adopters of alternative farming activities in Greek agriculture», Journal of Rural Studies, nº 18, pp. 95-103.
DETHIER, J. L. (coord.) (1999): Ex-post evaluation of the LEADER I Community Iniciative 1989-1993. European Comission and DG Agriculture, Bruselas
ESTEBAN A. (2000): «La investigación turística en la universidad española» Estudios turísticos, nº 144-145, pp. 155-180.
EVANS, N.J.; ILBERY, B.W. (1989): «A conceptual framework for investigating Farm-Based Accommodation and Tourism in Britain», Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 5, nº 3, pp. 257-66.
FIGUEROLA M (2000): «Los trabajos de investigación de la economía del turismo en el Instituto de Estudios Turísticos (1974-1993)» Estudios turísticos, nº 144-145, pp. 17-45.
GRANT, R.M. (2002): «Corporate strategy: managing scope and strategy content». En PETTIGREW, A.; THOMAS, H. Y WHITTINGTON, R. (eds.), Handbook of Strategy and Management. Sage Publications. Londres: pp. 72-97.
HABER, S.; REICHEL, A. (2005): «Identifying Performance Measures of Small Ventures – The case of tourism industry», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 43, nº 3, pp. 257-283.
HEGARTY, C.; PRZEZBORSKA, L. (2005): «Rural agri-tourism as a tool for reorganising rural areas in old and new member states – a comparison study of Ireland and Poland- « International Journal of Tourism Research, nº 7, pp. 63-77.
HOSKISSON, R.E. Y HITT, M.A. (1990). «Antecedents and performance outcomes of diversification: a review and critique of theoretical perspectives», Journal of Management, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 461-509.
ILBERY, B; BOWLER, I.; CLARCK, G; Crockett, A.; Shaw, A. (1998): «Farm-based tourism as a alternative farm enterprise: A case study from the Northern Pennines, England», Regional Studies, vol. 32, pp.355-364.
INSTITUTO GALEGO DE ESTADÍTICA (IGE): http://www.ige.eu
KEARNEY, B. ET AL. (2000): LEADER II Ex-post Evaluation Final Report. LEADER II. Irish National Networking Service, Dublín.
MAHONEY, J. Y PANDIAN, R. (1992): «The resource–based view within the conversation of strategic management», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 13, pp. 363-380.
MCCOOL, S.; MOISERY N. (2001): Tourism Recreation and Sustainability: Linking Culture and the Environment, CABI Publishing.
MCGEHEE, N; KIM, K. (2004): «Motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 43, pp. 161-170.
MCGEHEE, N; KIM, K.; JENNINGS, G. (2006): «Gender and motivation for agri-tourism entrepreneurship», Tourism Management, vol. 28, nº 1, pp. 280-289.
MCNALLY, S. (2001): «Farm diversification in England and Wales – what can we learn from the farm business survey?», Journal of Rural Studies, nº 17, pp. 247-257.
MONTGOMERY, C. A. (1985): «Product–market diversification and market power», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 8, pp. 789-798.
MOXNES, A. (1999): «Changing patterns of family farming and pluriactivity», Sociologia Ruralis, vol. 39, nº 1, pp. 110-116.
PALICH, L.E.; CARDINAL, L.B. Y MILLER, C.C. (2000). «Curvilinearity in the diversification performance -linkage: an examination of over three decades of research», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 21, nº 2, pp. 155-174.
PARK, C. (2002): «The effects of prior performance on the choice between related and unrelated acquisitions: Implications for the performance consequences of diversification strategy», Journal of Management Studies, vol. 39, nº 7, pp. 1003-1019.
PARK, C. (2003): «Research notes and commentaries: Prior performance characteristics of related and unrelated acquirers», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 24, pp. 471-480.
PENROSE, E. T. (1959): The theory of the growth of the firm, Wiley, New York.
PEREZ FRA, M; LOPEZ IGLESIAS, E.. (2006) «La contribución del turismo a la diversificación de actividades en un espacio rural periférico. Análisis del impacto de la iniciativa leader en Galicia», Revista de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, nº 206 pp. 111-135.
PETERAF, M. A. (1993): «The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource–based view», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 14, pp. 179-191.
PHILLIPS, P.A. (1996): «Strategic Planning and Business Performance in the Quoted UK Hotel Sectors: Results of an Exploratory Study», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 15, nº 4, pp. 347-362.
POLOVITZ, N; BLACK, R.; MCCOOL, S. (2001): «Agrotourism: motivations behind farm/ranch business diversification»; Journal of Travel Research, vol. 40, pp. 19-26.
ROBINS, J. Y WIERSEMA, M. (1995): «A resource–based approach to the multibusiness firm: Empirical analysis of portfolio interrelationships and corporate financial performance», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 16, pp. 277-299.
TEECE, D. J. (1980): «Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise», Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, vol. 1, pp. 223-247.
TEECE, D.; PISANO, G.; SHUEN, A. (1997): Dynamic capabilities and strategic management», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, pp. 509-533.
TÖDTLING-SCHÖNNOFER, H. (coord.) (2003): Ex-post evaluation of the Community Iniciative LEADER II. Final Report. European Comission and DG Agriculture. Vienna
WALFORD, N. (2001): «Patterns of development in tourist accommodation enterprises on farms in England and Wales», Applied Geography, vol. 21, pp. 331-345.
WILSON, S.; FESENMAIER, D.; FESENMAIER, J.; VAN ES, J. (2001): «Factors for Success in Rural Tourism Development», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 40, pp. 132-138.
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