Work-family conflict role in the relationship between organizational climate and intentions to leave
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Published
03-12-2020
Luis Roberto Domínguez-Aguirre
Israel Lozano-Jiménez
Álvaro Fabricio Ramírez-Campos
Abstract
Currently, studies have substantially documented the relationships between components of the organizational climate and intentions to leave an organization. However, there is scarce evidence of these relationships, when there are conflicts between work and family. This article aims to show the relationships of the organizational climate with turnover intention when the work-family conflict (WFC) is involved in the prediction equation in its mediating role. The method included the interview of 292 employees of five-star hotels for measuring the related attitudes between these three variables using linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses showing the model with the highest variance in the turnover intention. The results describe the models required by the mediation test with the limitations of observing a single type of organization, inhibiting the generalization of the results. In spite of this, the originality of the study lies in proving the existence of this mediating role. The relevance of the findings is that it is shown that intention to leave because of unfavorable labor climate at organization is partially but significantly influenced by the work-family conflict. The implementation of actions that promote, in their management policies, the possibility of supporting employees with the balance between their work and family relationships, can facilitate a work environment that reduces staff turnover.
How to Cite
Domínguez-Aguirre, L. R., Lozano-Jiménez, I., & Ramírez-Campos, Álvaro F. (2020). Work-family conflict role in the relationship between organizational climate and intentions to leave. Cuadernos De Gestión, 20(3), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.181004ld
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Keywords
Organizational climate, turnover intention, personnel turnover, hotel, hospitality, work-family conflict
References
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Bal, P. M., De Cooman, R., & Mol, S. T., 2013. Dynamics of psychological contracts with work engagement and turnover intention: The influence of organizational tenure. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 22(1), 107-122.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A., 1986. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Blau, P. M., 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Blomme, R. J., Rheede, A. V., & Tromp, D. M., 2010. Work-family conflict as a cause for turnover intentions in the hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), 269-285.
Chen, I.-H., Brown, R., Bowers, B. J., & Chang, W.-Y., 2015. Work-to-family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(10), 2350-2363.
Chiang, Y., & Chang, Y., 2012. Stress, depression, and intention to leave among nurses in different medical units: Implications for healthcare management/nursing practice. Health Policy, 108(2-3), 149-157.
Chinomona, R., & Chinomona, E., 2013. The influence of employees’ perceptions of organizational politics on turnover intentions in Zimbabwe’s SME sector . South African Journal of Business Management, 44(2), 57-67.
Daderman, A. M., & Basinska, B. A., 2016. Job demands, engagement and turnover intentions in Polish nurses: The role of Work-family Conflict interface. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1621).
Davidson, M., Manning, M., Timo, N., & Ryder, P., 2001. The Dimensions of Organizational Climate in Four- and Five-Star Australian Hotels. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 25(4), 444-461.
Davidson, M. C., Timo, N., & Wang, Y., 2010. How much does labour turnover cost? A case study of Australian four- and five-star hotels. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 22(4), 451-466.
Dawley, D., Houghton, J. D., & Bucklew, N. S., 2010. Perceived Organizational Support and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Effects of Personal Sacrifice and Job Fit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(3), 238-257.
Dominguez-Aguirre, L. R., Roncancio Roncancio, P., Marcelino-Aranda, M., & Ramirez-Campos, A. F., 2015. Instrument for Measuring Intentions to Leave. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 11(4), 313-322
Eddleston, K. A., 2009. The effects of social comparisons on managerial career satisfaction and turnover intentions . Career Development International, 14(1), 87-110.
Ertas, N., 2015. Turnover intentions and work motivations of millenial employees in federal service. Public personnel management, 44(3), 401-423.
Forehand, G., & Gilmer, B. V., 1964. Environmental variations in studies of organizational behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 62(6), 362-381.
Furnham, A., 2001. Psicología Organizacional. AlfaOmega.
Gahlawat, N., & Kundu, S. C., 2019. Participatory HRM and firm performance Unlocking the box through organizational climate and employee outcomes. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 41(5), 1098-1119.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. J., 1985. Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S., 2000. A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26, 463-488.
Homans G. C., 1967. The nature of social science. Harcourt, Brace & world.
James, L. A., & James, L. R., 1989. Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 739-751.
Lai, L., & Kapstad, J. C., 2009. Perceived competence mobilization: an explorative study of predictors and impact on turnover intentions . The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(9), 1985-1998.
Liu, Z., Cai, Z., Li, J., Shi, S., & Fang, Y., 2013. Leadership style and employee turnover intentions: a social identity perspective . Career Development International, 18(3), 305-324.
Maertz, C. P., Griffeth, R. W., & Campbell, N. S., 2007. The effects of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 1059-1075.
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D., 2016. How the need for «leisure benefit systems» as a «resource passageways» moderates the effect of work-leisure conflict on job burnout and intention to leave: A study in the hotel industry in Quebec. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 27, 4-11.
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D.-G., 2018a. Work-family conflict/family-work conflict, job stress, burnout and intention to leave in the hotel industry in Quebec (Canada): moderating role of need for family friendly practices as «resource passageways». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(16), 2399-2430
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D. G., 2018b. Psychosocial safety climate as resource passageways to alleviate work-family conflict: A study in the health sector in Quebec. Personnel review, 47(2), 474-493.
Marco-Lajara, B., & Ubeda-Garcia, M., 2013. Human resource management approaches in Spanish hotels: An introductory analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 339-347.
Mcnall, L. A., Masuda, A. D., & Nicklin, J. M., 2010. Flexible Work Arrangements, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Work-to-Family Enrichment . The Journal of Psychology, 144(1), 61-81.
Morales Domínguez, J. F., 1978. La teoría del intercambio social desde la perspectiva de Blau. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 4, 129-146.
Münderlein, M., Ybema, J. F., & Koster, F., 2013. Happily ever after? Explaining turnover and retirement intentions of older workers in The Netherlands. Career Development International, 18(6), 548-568.
Nasurdin, A. M., Ling, T. C., & Khan, S. N., 2018. Linking Social Support, Work Engagement and Job Performance in Nursing. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(2), 363-386.
Nasurdin, A. M., Tan, S. L., & Khan, S. N., 2018. The relation between turnover intention, high performance work practices (HPWPs), and organisational commitment: A study among private hospital nurses in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 23(1), 23-51.
Ogata, K., 1995. The Fathers Care of Preschool-Children and Their Social Adaptability - A Comparison of Single Income Families and Double Income Families. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 43(3), 335-342.
OIT, 2018. Sala de prensa: OIT: La participación de las mujeres en el trabajo... Retrieved julio 29, 2018, from Sitio web de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo: https://www.ilo.org/americas/sala-de-prensa/WCMS_619953/lang--es/index.htm
O’Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K., 2011. Clinical Report-The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800-804.
Ongaki, J., 2019. An examination of the relationship between flexible work arrangements, work-family confl ict, organizational commitment, and job performance. Management, 23(2), 169-187.
Pang, S.-Y., & Yeh, Y.-J., 2019. The crossover effect of work-family conflict among hotel employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 812-829.
Pasamar, S., 2020. Why a strong work-life balance system is needed? Cuadernos de Gestión, 2020-04-27. DOI: 10.5295/cdg.180903sp
Peachey, J. W., Burton, L. J., & Wells, J. E., 2014. Examining the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on turnover intentions in intercollegiate athletics. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 740-755.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P., 2003. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Qu, H., & Zhao, X., 2012. Employees’ work–family conflict moderating life and job satisfaction. Journal of business research, 65(1), 22-28.
Raza, B., Ali, M., Naseem, K., Moeed, A., Ahmed, J., & Hamid, M., 2018. Impact of trait mindfulness on job satisfaction and turnover intentions: Mediating role of work–family balance and moderating role of work–family conflict. Cogent business and management, 5, 1-20.
Regts, G., & Molleman, E., 2012. To leave or not to leave: When receiving interpersonal citizenship behavior influences an employee’s turnover intention. Human relations The Tavistock Institute, 66(193), 192-218.
Ruiz, P. D., Perroca, M. G., & Jerico, M. D., 2016. Cost of nursing turnover in a Teaching Hospital. Revista da escola de enfermagem da USP, 50(1), 101-108.
Selvarajan, T. T., Singh, B., & Cloninger, P. A., 2016. Role of personality and affect on the social support and work family conflict relationship. Journal of vocational behavior, 94, 39-56.
Stahl, G. K., Chua, C. H., Caligiuri, P., Cerdin, J.-L., & Taniguchi, M., 2009. Predictors of Turnover Intentions in Learning-Driven and Demand-Driven International Assigments: The role of repatriation Concerns, Satisfaction With Company support, And Perceived Career Advancement Opportunities. Human Resource Management, 48(1), 89-109.
Staufenbiel, T., & König, C. J., 2010. A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83.
Stewart, L. M., 2013. Family Care Responsibilities and Employment: Exploring the Impact of Type of Family Care on Work-Family and Family-Work Conflict. Journal of family issues, 34(1), 113-138.
Tagiuri, R., 1968. The concept of organizational climate. In R. Tagiuri, & G. Litwin, Organizational climate: Explorations of a concept (pp. 11-32). Cambridge: Harvard Business School.
Tung, V., Chen, P., & Schuckert, M., 2017. Managing customer citizenship behaviour: The moderating roles of employee responsiveness and organizational reassurance. Tourism Management, 59, 23-35.
Yang, J., Gong, Y., & Huo, Y., 2011. Proactive personality, social capital, helping, and turnover intentions . Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(8), 739-760.
Zimmerman, R. D., & Darnold, T. C., 2009. The impact of job performance on employee turnover intentions and the voluntary turnover process. A meta-analysis and path model. Personnel Review, 38(2), 142-158.
Bal, P. M., De Cooman, R., & Mol, S. T., 2013. Dynamics of psychological contracts with work engagement and turnover intention: The influence of organizational tenure. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 22(1), 107-122.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A., 1986. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Blau, P. M., 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Blomme, R. J., Rheede, A. V., & Tromp, D. M., 2010. Work-family conflict as a cause for turnover intentions in the hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), 269-285.
Chen, I.-H., Brown, R., Bowers, B. J., & Chang, W.-Y., 2015. Work-to-family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(10), 2350-2363.
Chiang, Y., & Chang, Y., 2012. Stress, depression, and intention to leave among nurses in different medical units: Implications for healthcare management/nursing practice. Health Policy, 108(2-3), 149-157.
Chinomona, R., & Chinomona, E., 2013. The influence of employees’ perceptions of organizational politics on turnover intentions in Zimbabwe’s SME sector . South African Journal of Business Management, 44(2), 57-67.
Daderman, A. M., & Basinska, B. A., 2016. Job demands, engagement and turnover intentions in Polish nurses: The role of Work-family Conflict interface. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1621).
Davidson, M., Manning, M., Timo, N., & Ryder, P., 2001. The Dimensions of Organizational Climate in Four- and Five-Star Australian Hotels. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 25(4), 444-461.
Davidson, M. C., Timo, N., & Wang, Y., 2010. How much does labour turnover cost? A case study of Australian four- and five-star hotels. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 22(4), 451-466.
Dawley, D., Houghton, J. D., & Bucklew, N. S., 2010. Perceived Organizational Support and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Effects of Personal Sacrifice and Job Fit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(3), 238-257.
Dominguez-Aguirre, L. R., Roncancio Roncancio, P., Marcelino-Aranda, M., & Ramirez-Campos, A. F., 2015. Instrument for Measuring Intentions to Leave. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 11(4), 313-322
Eddleston, K. A., 2009. The effects of social comparisons on managerial career satisfaction and turnover intentions . Career Development International, 14(1), 87-110.
Ertas, N., 2015. Turnover intentions and work motivations of millenial employees in federal service. Public personnel management, 44(3), 401-423.
Forehand, G., & Gilmer, B. V., 1964. Environmental variations in studies of organizational behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 62(6), 362-381.
Furnham, A., 2001. Psicología Organizacional. AlfaOmega.
Gahlawat, N., & Kundu, S. C., 2019. Participatory HRM and firm performance Unlocking the box through organizational climate and employee outcomes. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 41(5), 1098-1119.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. J., 1985. Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S., 2000. A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26, 463-488.
Homans G. C., 1967. The nature of social science. Harcourt, Brace & world.
James, L. A., & James, L. R., 1989. Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 739-751.
Lai, L., & Kapstad, J. C., 2009. Perceived competence mobilization: an explorative study of predictors and impact on turnover intentions . The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(9), 1985-1998.
Liu, Z., Cai, Z., Li, J., Shi, S., & Fang, Y., 2013. Leadership style and employee turnover intentions: a social identity perspective . Career Development International, 18(3), 305-324.
Maertz, C. P., Griffeth, R. W., & Campbell, N. S., 2007. The effects of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 1059-1075.
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D., 2016. How the need for «leisure benefit systems» as a «resource passageways» moderates the effect of work-leisure conflict on job burnout and intention to leave: A study in the hotel industry in Quebec. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 27, 4-11.
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D.-G., 2018a. Work-family conflict/family-work conflict, job stress, burnout and intention to leave in the hotel industry in Quebec (Canada): moderating role of need for family friendly practices as «resource passageways». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(16), 2399-2430
Mansour, S., & Tremblay, D. G., 2018b. Psychosocial safety climate as resource passageways to alleviate work-family conflict: A study in the health sector in Quebec. Personnel review, 47(2), 474-493.
Marco-Lajara, B., & Ubeda-Garcia, M., 2013. Human resource management approaches in Spanish hotels: An introductory analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 339-347.
Mcnall, L. A., Masuda, A. D., & Nicklin, J. M., 2010. Flexible Work Arrangements, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Work-to-Family Enrichment . The Journal of Psychology, 144(1), 61-81.
Morales Domínguez, J. F., 1978. La teoría del intercambio social desde la perspectiva de Blau. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 4, 129-146.
Münderlein, M., Ybema, J. F., & Koster, F., 2013. Happily ever after? Explaining turnover and retirement intentions of older workers in The Netherlands. Career Development International, 18(6), 548-568.
Nasurdin, A. M., Ling, T. C., & Khan, S. N., 2018. Linking Social Support, Work Engagement and Job Performance in Nursing. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(2), 363-386.
Nasurdin, A. M., Tan, S. L., & Khan, S. N., 2018. The relation between turnover intention, high performance work practices (HPWPs), and organisational commitment: A study among private hospital nurses in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 23(1), 23-51.
Ogata, K., 1995. The Fathers Care of Preschool-Children and Their Social Adaptability - A Comparison of Single Income Families and Double Income Families. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 43(3), 335-342.
OIT, 2018. Sala de prensa: OIT: La participación de las mujeres en el trabajo... Retrieved julio 29, 2018, from Sitio web de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo: https://www.ilo.org/americas/sala-de-prensa/WCMS_619953/lang--es/index.htm
O’Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K., 2011. Clinical Report-The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800-804.
Ongaki, J., 2019. An examination of the relationship between flexible work arrangements, work-family confl ict, organizational commitment, and job performance. Management, 23(2), 169-187.
Pang, S.-Y., & Yeh, Y.-J., 2019. The crossover effect of work-family conflict among hotel employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 812-829.
Pasamar, S., 2020. Why a strong work-life balance system is needed? Cuadernos de Gestión, 2020-04-27. DOI: 10.5295/cdg.180903sp
Peachey, J. W., Burton, L. J., & Wells, J. E., 2014. Examining the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on turnover intentions in intercollegiate athletics. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 740-755.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P., 2003. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Qu, H., & Zhao, X., 2012. Employees’ work–family conflict moderating life and job satisfaction. Journal of business research, 65(1), 22-28.
Raza, B., Ali, M., Naseem, K., Moeed, A., Ahmed, J., & Hamid, M., 2018. Impact of trait mindfulness on job satisfaction and turnover intentions: Mediating role of work–family balance and moderating role of work–family conflict. Cogent business and management, 5, 1-20.
Regts, G., & Molleman, E., 2012. To leave or not to leave: When receiving interpersonal citizenship behavior influences an employee’s turnover intention. Human relations The Tavistock Institute, 66(193), 192-218.
Ruiz, P. D., Perroca, M. G., & Jerico, M. D., 2016. Cost of nursing turnover in a Teaching Hospital. Revista da escola de enfermagem da USP, 50(1), 101-108.
Selvarajan, T. T., Singh, B., & Cloninger, P. A., 2016. Role of personality and affect on the social support and work family conflict relationship. Journal of vocational behavior, 94, 39-56.
Stahl, G. K., Chua, C. H., Caligiuri, P., Cerdin, J.-L., & Taniguchi, M., 2009. Predictors of Turnover Intentions in Learning-Driven and Demand-Driven International Assigments: The role of repatriation Concerns, Satisfaction With Company support, And Perceived Career Advancement Opportunities. Human Resource Management, 48(1), 89-109.
Staufenbiel, T., & König, C. J., 2010. A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83.
Stewart, L. M., 2013. Family Care Responsibilities and Employment: Exploring the Impact of Type of Family Care on Work-Family and Family-Work Conflict. Journal of family issues, 34(1), 113-138.
Tagiuri, R., 1968. The concept of organizational climate. In R. Tagiuri, & G. Litwin, Organizational climate: Explorations of a concept (pp. 11-32). Cambridge: Harvard Business School.
Tung, V., Chen, P., & Schuckert, M., 2017. Managing customer citizenship behaviour: The moderating roles of employee responsiveness and organizational reassurance. Tourism Management, 59, 23-35.
Yang, J., Gong, Y., & Huo, Y., 2011. Proactive personality, social capital, helping, and turnover intentions . Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(8), 739-760.
Zimmerman, R. D., & Darnold, T. C., 2009. The impact of job performance on employee turnover intentions and the voluntary turnover process. A meta-analysis and path model. Personnel Review, 38(2), 142-158.
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