The motivational power of mobile gamified exercise apps
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Published
31-05-2023
Paula Bitrián
Isabel Buil
Sara Catalán
University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Marketing Management. Gran Vía 2, 50005, Zaragoza, Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-6773
Isabel Buil
University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Marketing Management. María de Luna, s/n - Edificio “Lorenzo Normante” – 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
Sara Catalán
University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Marketing Management. Gran Vía 2, 50005, Zaragoza, Spain
Abstract
This study analyses how gamification motivates users of gamified mobile exercise apps and enhances their health.
Data from 276 Fitbit users were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings showed that feelings of competence and autonomy arise when exercise apps include achievement and progression-oriented affordances, and that feelings of relatedness arise with social, immersion and achievement and progression-oriented affordances. They also revealed that exercise apps should satisfy the needs for competence and relatedness to develop individuals’ intrinsic motivation, which in turn leads to greater physical, mental and social health. These findings offer insights for managers in this industry.
How to Cite
Bitrián, P., Buil, I., & Catalán, S. (2023). The motivational power of mobile gamified exercise apps. Cuadernos De Gestión, 23(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.211629pb
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Keywords
Gamification, Mobile Apps, Health, Psychological Needs, Motivation
References
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14-23.
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2015). Self-Determination Theory. In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., pp. 486-491).
Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 9-15).
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Adherence and well-being in overweight and obese patients referred to an exercise on prescription scheme: A self-determination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 722-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.006
Eisingerich, A. B., Marchand, A., Fritze, M. P., & Dong, L. (2019). Hook vs. hope: How to enhance customer engagement through gamification. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 36(2), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.02.003
Feng, W., Tu, R., & Hsieh, P. (2020). Can gamification increases consumers’ engagement in fitness apps? The moderating role of commensurability of the game elements. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57(1), 102229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102229
Feng, Y., Ye, H. J., Yu, Y., Yang, C., & Cui, T. (2018). Gamification artifacts and crowdsourcing participation: Examining the mediating role of intrinsic motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.018
Giannakis, K., Chorianopoulos, K., & Jaccheri, L. (2013). User requirements for gamifying sports software. In 2013 3rd International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering: Engineering Computer Games to Enable Positive, Progressive Change (GAS) (pp. 22-26). IEEE.
Grand View Research (2022). Fitness App Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Type (Exercise & Weight Loss, Diet & Nutrition, Activity Tracking), By Platform (Android, iOS), By Device, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2022 – 2030. Available at: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/fitness-app-market (accessed 28 February 2022)
González, C. S., Gómez, N., Navarro, V., Cairós, M., Quirce, C., Toledo, P., & Marrero-Gordillo, N. (2016). Learning healthy lifestyles through active videogames, motor games and the gamification of educational activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 55,529-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.052
Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C. (2000). On the assessment of situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). Motivation and Emotion, 24(3), 175-213. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005614228250
Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 117(3), 442-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gundergan, P. (2018). Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa H. (2014). Does Gamification Work? – A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification. In HICSS, 14, 3025-3034.
Hamari, J., & Koivisto, J. (2013). Social motivations to use gamification: an empirical study of gamifying exercise. In Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information System.
Hamari, J., & Koivisto, J. (2015). Working out for likes: An empirical study on social influence in exercise gamification. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.018
Harris, M. A. (2019). Maintenance of behaviour change following a community-wide gamification based physical activity intervention. Preventive Medicine Reports, 13, 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.11.009
Hassan, L., Dias, A., & Hamari J. (2019). How motivational feedback increases user’s benefits and continued use: A study on gamification, quantified-self and social networking. International. Journal of Information Management, 46, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.12.004
Hassan, L., Xi, N., Gurkan, B., Koivisto, J., & Hamari, J. (2020). Gameful self-regulation: A study on how gamified self-tracking features evoke gameful experiences. In Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Ho, S.S., Lwin, M. O., Sng, J. R., & Yee, A. Z. (2017). Escaping through exergames: Presence, enjoyment, and mood experience in predicting children’s attitude toward exergames. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.001
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