Contribución del Enfoque de Recursos y Capacidades y la Orientación Emprendedora en el Crecimiento de las Pequeñas Empresas
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Resumen
Objetivos:
Esta investigación, proporciona un marco útil para la identificación de la propensión de las pequeñas empresas a tomar una orientación emprendedora. Examinamos el impacto de la orientación emprendedora como principal recurso y capacidad del crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas.
Trabajos previos:
El crecimiento parece revelarse como una importante explicación de la orientación emprendedora de las pequeñas empresas (Davidsson, 1989; Green and Brown, 1997; Janney and Gregory, 2006). Así, esta investigación se basa en investigaciones conceptuales previas que sugieren una integración positiva entre la orientación emprendedora y el enfoque de recursos y capacidades.
Enfoque:
En primer lugar, la investigación se centrará en la revisión de la literatura emergente en la medida en que la orientación emprendedora es aplicada al crecimiento enfocado en las pequeñas empresas y el enfoque de recursos y capacidades de la empresa. En segundo lugar, se ha desarrollado un estudio empírico basado en una muestra estratificada de pequeñas empresas de la industria manufacturera. Los datos fueron sometidos a técnicas estadísticas multivariantes y se desarrolló un modelo de regresión lineal con el objetivo de predecir la influencia de los recursos y capacidades en el crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas. Para ello, consideramos el constructor crecimiento como variable dependiente y las variables relacionadas con los recursos y capacidades (recursos del empresario, recursos de la empresa, network y OE) como variables independientes.
Resultados:
Los resultados de la investigación, sugieren un conjunto de recursos y capacidades que fomentan el crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas. Además, la OE parece tener un valor predictivo en el crecimiento. Las variables explicativas relacionadas con los recursos y capacidades y la OE fueron identificadas como esenciales en el crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas. Todavía era posible concluir que las empresas emprendedoras que crecieron, parecen tener recursos, desarrollar más capacidades y tomar una ventaja en la búsqueda de esas competencias. Esta actitud se refleja en la OE de la empresa.
Implicaciones:
Este estudio tiene importantes implicaciones para investigadores y profesionales. Éste pone de relieve la necesidad de las empresas de desarrollar una mayor OE por todos sus miembros junto con la inversión en mejores recursos y consecuentemente mayores capacidades como una forma de alcanzar mayores niveles de crecimiento.
Valor:
Mientras autores anteriores han tratado de analizar ciertos aspectos de este proceso (relación entre orientación empresarial y crecimiento), esta investigación desarrolla un marco que combina estos y otros factores (enfoque de recursos y capacidades) relacionados con el crecimiento de pequeñas empresas. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de identificar variables explicativas de diversos niveles para explicar el crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas. La adopción de una orientación empresarial como variable indispensable para el crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas, parece ser adecuada.
Cómo citar
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Enfoque de Recursos y Capacidades, Orientación emprendedora, Crecimiento de Pequeñas Empresas
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