On the true usefulness of the parainesis in classical historiography: Thucydides and Xenophon
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to study how Thucydides and Xenophon, in their historical works, reflect different views on the true usefulness of military harangue to incite the courage of the soldiers. This issue, in which philosophical, ideological and rhetorical approaches are mixed, was related to a concern of classical thinkers, namely, whether courage is innate or a virtue that can be taught. Both historians took a clear position in this dispute, expressing their own ideas in their historical works.
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