Ikasketaren eta oroimenaren oinarri estruktural eta molekularrak

Abstract

The brain has a remarkable capacity to record daily experiences and recall the stored information to guide behavior. Specific neuronal brain circuits have been linked to dedicated functions, and the role of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is particularly important in learning and memory processes. Moreover, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been termed as the molecular substrate for learning and memory. The subunit composition and neurodevelopmental regulation of this receptor has important implications in synaptic plasticity. Likewise, neurotrophic factors play a central role in mediating plastic changes that might be crucial for enhancing cognitive functions. Here, we review the anatomy, function and the interplay of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as how these brain structures engage in learning and memory processes. We also discuss the effects of the modulation of molecular targets with a special focus on NMDA receptors and neurotrophic factors.