Estresa, migraina eta hirugarren belaunaldiko terapiak

Abstract

Diseases without a specific aetiology are becoming more and more common. Daily stress is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain. Migraine is one such condition. Chronic stress is the factor most associated with anxiety and depression. Stress that can lead to anxiety and depression has been linked to a higher risk of migraine. Furthermore, a reciprocal relationship between these two phenomena has been defined. This review has two main aims; (1) to review the studies linking stress and migraine and, (2) to highlight the misuse of pharmacological treatments and the need for individualised psychological therapies. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can lead to changes in the serotonin system, which can disturb the control of the cerebral circulation and pain management. Migraine can therefore be defined as a neurovascular disorder with a higher prevalence in women. There are two types of migraine: conventional and with aura. The latter occurs in 30% of patients and is preceded by a phase of visual, somatosensory and/or dysphasic disturbance. Medications work by inhibiting pain mechanisms and reducing inflammation of brain blood vessels. However, they do not treat the underlying cause. This is why third-generation therapies are now more common. These therapies aim to change people's behaviour, considering their experiences and their social and cultural context. Migraine is not a neurophysiological disorder, but may be caused by other factors such as chronic stress. This article describes the therapies that have been used to treat migraine in recent years and their effects.