CO2-a bahitu eta balorizatzeko prozesuen ekarpena Energiaren Nazioarteko Erakundearen agertokietan

Abstract

Climate change is one of the greatest current problems in society. That is why the International Energy Agency (IEA) has proposed different scenarios according to current policies and trends, with guidelines to follow. Among these guidelines, lately more importance is given to the CO₂ capture, storage and utilization processes, especially the latter. Even so, CO₂ capture processes (pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxy-combustion and direct air capture) are still the most expesive stage in the installation where it these technologies are installed. Therefore, instead of simply storing CO₂, it is also proposed to use this greenhouse gas as feedstock, in order to generate carbon cycles without additional emissions. Among the utilization processes, biological and chemical processes are distinguished. The former make use of living beings such us microorganisms for the production of value-added compounds or for carbon fixation. Instead, chemical processes give reaction to eliminate CO₂ and convert it in other products. These include reforming, hydrogenation, mineralization, carboxylation and chemical and electrochemical conversion. These utilization processes would help achieve the IEA’s goals for achieving carbon-neutral emissions by 2050.