Poliesterren Jasangarritasuna: Jatorri Berriztagarrietatik Birziklapen Kimikora

Abstract

The production and consumption of plastics is continuously increasing, leading to serious environmental problems. In this context, the development of sustainable and circular polymers is essential for advancing the ecological transition. This work focuses on polyesters for two main reasons: firstly, because of their widespread use (PET, PLA, PEF...), and secondly, because their hydrolyzable structures allow for chemical recycling. Sustainable polyesters are examined from two perspectives: synthesis from renewable raw materials, and degradability and recyclability at the end of their life cycle. In particular, chemical recycling,  the processes by which the polymer is broken down into its monomers or other valuable products, offers the possibility of reusing these materials without loss of quality. Methods such as hydrolysis, glycolysis, and methanolysis are explored, along with their efficiency and scalability. Finally, the work provides a general perspective on sustainability, considering carbon footprint, the reduction of fossil resource use, and compliance with circularity principles. The aim of this work is to identify pathways for creating more sustainable polyesters, seeking a balance between economic and environmental considerations.