Is it worth looking at these special uses of ete?
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Published
29-01-2025
Arantzazu Arantzazu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-992X
Abstract
Two dialectal uses of the discourse particle ete (ote) in certain exclamative sentences are under study in this work. They are intriguing because their interpretation differs from canonical ete. Specifically, in one particular use the speaker uttering ete emphatically confirms what the interlocutor has previously said. In the second use, on the other hand, the speaker objects critically to what his interlocutor has previously uttered. Interestingly enough, the complementizer -(e)n must always occur even if they are root sentences. In order to explain these values, it is proposed that they are insubordinate sentences, and that while one construction is an instance of a polarity focus, in the second construction the particle has grammaticalized its meaning of lack of full commitment to no commitment at all. This would match the often attributed graduable or quantificational nuance of exclamative structures.
How to Cite
Elordieta, Arantzazu. 2025. “Is It Worth Looking at These Special Uses of Ete?”. Anuario Del Seminario De Filología Vasca "Julio De Urquijo" 57 ((1-2):295-311. https://doi.org/10.1387/asju.25953.
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References
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Bayer, Josef & Volker Struckmeier (arg.). 2017. Discourse Particles: Formal Approaches to their Syntax and Semantics. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter.
Biezma, Maria & Kyle Rawlins. 2017. Rhetorical questions: Severing asking from questioning. In Dan Burgdorf, Jacob Collard, Sireemas Maspong & Brynhildur Stefánsdóttir (arg.), Proceedings of the 27th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference (SALT 27), 302-322. Maryland: University of Maryland.
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Gras, Pedro. 2017. Exclamatives in the functional typology of insubordination: Evidence from complement insubordinate constructions in Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 115(2). 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.04.005.
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier. 2008. Spanish root exclamatives at the syntax/semantics interface. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 7. 117-133.
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier & Patricia Andueza. 2017. Embedded exclamatives and the ingredients of grounded belief. In Ignacio Bosque (arg.), Advances in the study of Spanish exclamatives, 181-210. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
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Euskaltzaindiaren XX. mendeko Euskararen Corpus Estatistikoa: http://xxmendea.euskaltzaindia.net/Corpus/aurkezpena.html
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Andueza, Patricia. 2011. Rhetorical exclamatives in Spanish. Columbus: Ohio State University-ko doktorego tesia.
Andueza, Patricia & Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach 2011. Negation and the interpretation of Spanish rhetorical exclamations. In Claudia Borgonovo, Manuel Español-Echevarría & Philippe Prévost (arg.), Selected Proceedings of the 12th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 17-25. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Artiagoitia, Xabier. 2006. Heiagora perpausak: euren egituraz eta hautapenaz. In Beatriz Fernández & Itziar Laka (arg.) Andolin gogoan: Essays in honor of Professor Eguzkitza, 155-178. Bilbao: UPV/EHU.
Artiagoitia, Xabier, Arantzazu Elordieta & Sergio Monforte (arg.). 2022. Discourse Particles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Azkue, Resurrección María. 1923-1925. Morfología Vasca. Euskera 4-5-6 (Berrargit. Bilbao: La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca, 1969).
Badan, Linda & Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng. 2015. Exclamatives in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 24 (4). 383-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-015-9136-z.
Bayer, Josef & Volker Struckmeier (arg.). 2017. Discourse Particles: Formal Approaches to their Syntax and Semantics. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter.
Biezma, Maria & Kyle Rawlins. 2017. Rhetorical questions: Severing asking from questioning. In Dan Burgdorf, Jacob Collard, Sireemas Maspong & Brynhildur Stefánsdóttir (arg.), Proceedings of the 27th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference (SALT 27), 302-322. Maryland: University of Maryland.
Bosque, Ignacio (arg.). 2017. Advances in the study of Spanish exclamatives. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
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Castroviejo, Elena. 2008. Deconstructing exclamations. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 7. 41-90.
Castroviejo, Elena. 2021. Exclamatives. In Daniel Gutzmann, Lisa Matthewson, Cécile Meier, Hotze Rullmann & Thomas Ede Zimmermann (arg.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Semantics.
Corr, Alice. 2016. Ibero-Romance and the syntax of the utterance. Cambridge: University of Cambridge-ko doktorego tesia.
Corr, Alice. 2018. ‘Exclamative’ and ‘quotative’ illocutionary complementisers in Catalan, European Portuguese and Spanish. Languages in contrast 18(1). 69-98. https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.00004.cor.
Demonte, Violeta & Olga Fernández Soriano. 2009. Force and Finiteness in the Spanish Complementizer System. Probus 21(1). 23-49.
Döring, Sophia. 2016. Modal Particles, Discourse Structure and Common Ground Management. Theoretical and Empirical Aspects. Berlin: Humboldt Universität zu Berlin-eko doktorego tesia.
Elordieta, Arantzazu. 2010. Aditzaren bikoizketa foku-topikoa denean. In Beatriz Fernández, Pablo Albizu & Ricardo Etxepare (arg.), Euskara eta euskarak. Aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztergai (ASJUren Gehigarriak 52), 37-54. Donostia: GFA.
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Elordieta, Arantzazu. 2022b. More on the modal particle ote in Basque: deriving the ironic reading in certain exclamative contexts. 55th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea biltzarrean aurkeztua.
Elordieta, Arantzazu & Bill Haddican. 2016. Strategies of Verb and Verb Phrase focus across Basque dialects. In Beatriz Fernández & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (arg.) Microparameters in the grammar of Basque, 221-242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Escandell, M.ª Victoria & Manuel Leonetti. 2014. Fronting and irony in Spanish. In Andreas Dufter & Álvaro Octavio de Toledo (arg.), Left Sentence Peripheries in Spanish: diachronic, variationist and typological perspectives, 309-342. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Etxepare, Ricardo. 2003. Exclamatives. In José Ignacio Hualde & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (arg.), A grammar of Basque, 570-578. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Etxepare, Ricardo. 2008. On quotative constructions in Iberian Spanish. In Ritva Laury (arg), Crosslinguistic studies of clause combining. The multifunctionality of conjuctions, 35-78. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Etxepare, Ricardo. 2010a. Omen bariazioan. In Beatriz Fernández, Pablo Albizu & Ricardo Etxepare (arg.), Euskara eta euskarak. Aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztergai (ASJUren Gehigarriak 52), 85-112. Donostia: GFA.
Etxepare, Ricardo. 2010b. From hearsay evidentiality to samesaying relations. Lingua 120. 604-627.
Etxepare, Ricardo & Larraitz Uria. 2016. Microsyntactic variation in the Basque hearsay evidential. In Beatriz Fernández & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (arg.), Microparameters in the Grammar of Basque, 265-288. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Euskaltzaindia. 1986. Euskal Gramatika. Lehen Urratsak I (EGLU I), 342-343. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika Lehen Urratsak I, 485-516. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Euskaltzaindia. 1991. Euskal Gramatika. Lehen Urratsak II (EGLU II), 485-487; 509-516. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Euskaltzaindia. 1999. Euskal Gramatikaren Lehen Urratsak V (EGLU V). Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Euskaltzaindia. 2021. Euskararen Gramatika. Bilbao: Euskaltzaindia.
Euskara Institutua. Bestelako adberbioak. Sareko Euskal Gramatika (SEG). UPV/EHU. https://www.ehu.eus/seg/morf/5/10/3/2/6?s[]=oteak&s[]=ote (2023/12/30).
Evans, Nicholas. 2007. Insubordination and its uses. In Irina Nikolaeva (arg.), Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations, 366-431. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gras, Pedro. 2016. Revisiting the functional typology of insubordination. Que-initial sentences in Spanish. In Nicholas Evans & Honoré Watanabe (arg.), Insubordination (Typological Studies in Language 115), 113-144. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gras, Pedro. 2017. Exclamatives in the functional typology of insubordination: Evidence from complement insubordinate constructions in Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 115(2). 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.04.005.
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier. 2008. Spanish root exclamatives at the syntax/semantics interface. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 7. 117-133.
Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier & Patricia Andueza. 2017. Embedded exclamatives and the ingredients of grounded belief. In Ignacio Bosque (arg.), Advances in the study of Spanish exclamatives, 181-210. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
Hernanz, M.ª Lluïsa. 2012. Sobre la periferia izquierda y el movimiento: El complementante si en español. In José María Brucart & Ángel Gallego (arg.), El movimiento de constituyentes, 151-171. Madrid: Visor.
Jendraschek, Gerd. 2003. La modalité épistémique en Basque. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
Korta, Kepa & Larraitz Zubeldia. 2014. The contribution of evidentials to utterance content: evidence from the Basque reportative particle omen. Language 90. 389-423.
Korta, Kepa & Larraitz Zubeldia. 2022. Meaning and use of the Basque particle bide. In Arantzazu Elordieta, Xabier Artiagoitia & Sergio Monforte (arg.), Discourse particles: syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and historical aspects, 209-228. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lafitte, Pierre. 1979. Grammaire basque: (navarro-labourdin littéraire). Baiona: Elkar (1. argit., 1944).
Lakarra, Joseba A. 2019. Bon-/bor-/bol- familiaren berreraiketarako (II): Etimologia, partikulen historiaurrea eta hots-lege batzuen irregularitateez. In Irantzu Epelde & Oroitz Jauregi (arg.), Bihotz ahots: Oñederra irakaslearen omenez, 377-395. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.
Littell, Patrick, Lisa Matthewson & Tyler Peterson. 2010. On the semantics of conjectural questions. In Tyler Peterson & Uli Sauerland (arg.). Evidence from evidentials. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics (UBCWPL 28), 89-104. Vancouver: U. of British Columbia.
Michaelis, Laura. 2001. Exclamative constructions. In Martin Haspelmath, Ekkehard König, Wulf Oesterreicher & Wolfgang Raible (arg.), Language Typology and Language Universals, 1038-1050. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Monforte, Sergio. 2020a. Galderetako -a, al eta ote partikulak euskaraz. Gasteiz: UPV/EHUko doktorego tesia.
Monforte, Sergio. 2020b. Syntactic analyses of discourse particles through the microvariation of Basque ote. Glossa 5(1). 1-29.
Monforte, Sergio. 2021. Ote partikularen interpretazioaz eta haren mikroaldakortasunaz. Uztaro 119. 95-119.
Mujika, José A. 1988. Partículas modales de la flexión verbal. ASJU 22. 463-478.
Munaro, Nicola. 2022. Anchoring primary and secondary interjections in the context. In Xabier Artiagoitia, Arantzazu Elordieta & Sergio Monforte (arg.), Discourse particles, 157-178. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Obenauer, Hans-Georg. 2004. Nonstandard wh-questions and alternative checkers in Pagotto. In Horst Lohnstein & Susanne Trissler (arg.) Syntax and Semantics of the Left Periphery, Interface Explorations, 343-384. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 1989. Some Parameters in the Grammar of Basque. Dordrecht: Foris.
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 1994. Verb-initial patterns in Basque and Breton. Lingua 94. 125-153.
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 1995. Residual verb second and verb first in Basque. In Katalin É. Kiss (arg.), Discourse configurational languages, 99-121. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 2003. Modal particles. In José Ignacio Hualde & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (arg.), A grammar of Basque, 322-329. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Petrirena, Patxi. 2011. Morfosintaxiaren inguruko zalantzak eta argibideak. Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritza.
Rett, Jessica. 2008. Degree modification in natural language. New Brunswick: Rutgers University-ko doktorego tesia.
Rett, Jessica. 2011. Exclamatives, degrees and speech acts. Linguistics and Philosophy 34. 411-442.
Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de. 1972. Partitive Assignment in Basque. ASJU 6. 130-173 (Berrargit. De lingua vasconum: Selected Writings [ASJUren Gehigarriak 43], 151-182, 1998).
Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa María. 2011. La expresión del grado en las interjecciones y la función de la conjunción que. Verba 38. 191-217.
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