Clytemnestra's Nightmare in Aeschylus and Sophocles
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Published
03-03-2024
Guzmán Rodríguez Fernández
Abstract
The dream like experience of Clytemnestra acquires a remarkable relevance in the tragic versions of the myth as an element that favours libations at the grave of Agamemnon, framework in which it develops the acknowledgement of his descendants before Orestes’ revenge. However, Sophocles and Aeschylus present us with a radically different dream content to capture the anguish of the dreamy murderer of her husband and announce the return of her avenging son. Despite the difference between the dream images of Choeforoi and Electra, in both cases we can see a similar functionality of the dream element within the plot of the works. The imbrication of the dream in the myth is evident from Stesichorus, whose text (fr. 219 PMG) seems to have conditioned to a great extent the reworking of the mythical story by the tragic authors.
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References
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Brillante, C., 2018, «Il sogno di Clitennestra nell’ Orestea di Stesicoro e nelle Coefore di Eschilo», Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 119.2, 11-39.
Brillante, C., 2019, «Il sogno di Clitennestra nell’ Elettra di Sofocle», Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 122.2, 33-50.
Bulkeley, K., 2001, «Penelope as Dreamer: The Perils of Interpretation», en: K. Bulkeley (ed.), Dreams: Reader on Religious, Cultural and Psychological Dimensions of Dreaming, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 223-231,
Castellaneta, S., 2013, Il seno svelato ad misericordiam. Esegesi e fortuna di un’immagine omerica, Bari: Cacucci.
Catenaccio, C., 2011, «Dream as Image and Action in Aeschylus’ Oresteia», Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 51, 202-231.
Chesi, G. M., 2011, «Reading Aeschylean Images: Matricide and the Blood in Maternal Milk in Clytemnestra’s Dream», Logeion 1, 31-40.
Chesi, G. M., 2014, The Play of Words. Blood, Ties and Powe Relations in Aeschylus’ Oresteia, Berlin: De Gruyter.
Colantone, R., 2012, Il sogno nella poesia greca, Roma: Edizioni Studium.
D’Agostino, E., 2008, «Ho visto un sogno: Io assente ed es-terno in Omero», Quaderns d’Italià 13, 11-28.
D’Alfonso, F., 2018, «Il μασχαλισμός di Agamennone e l’ “Oath-Sacrifice”», Journal of Hellenistic Religion 11, 1-31.
Damet, A., 2011, “Le sein et le couteau. L’ambiguïté de l’amour maternel dans l’Athènes classique”, Clio. Histoire, femmes et sociétés 34.2, 17-40.
Davies, M., & P. J. Finglass, 2014, Stesichorus: The Poems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Degiovanni, L., 2015, «La norte di Agamennone dal ciclo epico al teatro romano: tradizioni letterarie e iconografiche», Aevum Antiquum 15, 57-87.
Devereux, G., 1976, Dreams in Greek Tragedy. An Ethno-Psycho-Analytical Study, Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Di Serio, C., 2020, «Il sogno di Atossa», en: A. Narro y M.S. Sáez (eds.), Somnis, insomnis i entresons a les literatures antigues i la seua recepció, Reus: Rhemata, 19-27.
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Dunn, M., 2018, «The Mutilation of Agamemnon (A. Ch. 439 and S. El. 445)», Mnemosyne 71, 195-208.
Finglass, P. J., 2018, «Stesichorus and Greek Tragedy», en: R. Andújar, T. Coward, T. A. Hadjimichael (eds.), Paths of Songs. The Lyric Dimension of Greek Tragedy, Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter, 19-37.
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Gil de Carvalho, S. D., 2017, Stesichorean Journeys. Myth, Performance, and Poetics, Universidade de Coimbra (Tesis Doctoral).
Guidorizzi, G., 2013, Il compagno dell’anima. I greci e il sogno, Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Hernán-Pérez Guijarro, M. P., 2009, «Darío, Clitemnestra y Polidoro, personajes fantasma de la tragedia griega con algo que decir», Fortunatae 20, 31-47.
Kelly, A., 2015, «Stesichorus’ Homer», en: P. J. Finglass, A. Kelly (eds.), Stesichorus in Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 21-44.
Kessels, A. H. M., 1978, Studies on Dream in Greek Literature, Utrech: HES Publishers.
Kotwick, M. E., 2020, «Allegorical Interpretation in Homer: Penelope’s Dream and Early Greek Allegoresis», American Journal of Philology 141, 1-26.
Van Lieshout, R. G. A., 1980, Greek on Dreams, Utrecht: HES Publishers.
Lipka, M., 2022, Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism. Textual Genres and ‘Reality’ from Homer to Heliodorus, Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter.
Montanari, F., 2018, «Mito e poesia: la figura di Clitennestra dall’Odissea a Eschilo, en: S. Bigliazzi, F. Lupi, G. Ugolini (eds.), Συναγωνίζεσθαι: Studies in Honour of Guido Avezzù, Verona: Skenè, 147-165.
Navarro Noguera, A., 2017, «Las motivaciones del mayor de los atridas», Ágora. Estudios Clássicos em Debate 19, 39-64.
Noegel, S. B., 2002, «Dreaming and the Ideology of Mantics: Homer and Ancient Near Eastern Oneiromancy», en: A. Panaino, G. Pettinato (eds.), Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena: Proceedings of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Chicago, October 27-31, 2000, Milano: Università di Bologna, 143-157.
Ogden, D., 2013, Drakon. Dragon, Myth and Serpent Cult in Greek and Roman Worlds, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O‘Neill, K., 1998, «Aeschylus, Homer and the Serpent at the Breast», Phoenix 52.3/4, 216-229.
Pelling, C., 1996, «The Urine and the Vine: Astyages’ Dreams at Herodotus 1.107-8», Classical Quarterly 46.1, 68-77.
Pucci, L., 2015, «Osservazioni critico-esegetiche su alcuni frammenti dell’Orestea di Stesicoro (frr. 210, 211, 212 Davies/ 172, 173, 174 Davies-Finglass)», Seminari Romani di Cultura Greca 4, 15-40.
Pucci, L., 2019a, «Sogni, serpenti e genealogie nell’Orestea di Stesicoro (fr. 180 Finglass = 219 Davies)», Sileno 45, 163-204.
Pucci, L., 2019b, «Personaggi dimenticati della saga atridica. Riflessioni (sparse e frammentarie) sul Plistene di Euripide», I Quaderni del Ramo d’Oro on-line 11, 105-128.
Rozokoki, A., 2001, «Penelope’s Dream in Book 19 of the Odyssey», Classical Quarterly 51.1, 1-6.
Ruiu, M. L., 2020, (Tesis Doctoral), Los sueños en Sófocles y Eurípides / Il sogno in Sofocle ed Euripide, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – Università degli Studi di Trento.
Sancassano, M. L., 1996, «Il lessico greco del serpente. Considerazioni etimologiche», Athenaeum 81.1, 49-70.
Sánchez-Mañas, C., «Reyes que sueñan con reyes: Astiages y Ciro en las Historias de Heródoto», en: A. Narro, M.S. Sáez (eds.), Somnis, insomnis i entresons a les literatures antigues i la seua recepció, Reus: Rhemata, 169-185.
Stripeikis, C., (2018), «El sueño de los gansos y las puertas de cuerno y marfil como recursos narrativos para mantener la tensión narrativa en el reencuentro de Odiseo y Penélope (Od. 19. 535-583)», Estudios Clásicos 153, 33-48.
Swift, L., 2015, «Stesichorus on Stage», en: P. J. Finglass, A. Kelly (eds.), Stesichorus in Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 125-144.
Aguirre Castro, M., 2006, «Fantasmas trágicos: algunas observaciones sobre su papel, aparición en escena e iconografía», Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos 16, 107-120.
Almanzova, N. A., 2018, «The Identity of Subject in Aeschylus, Cho. 32-36», Philologia Classica 13.1, 181-188.
Bañuls Oller, J. V., 2017a «Antecedentes homéricos del Agamenón trágico: caracterización del personaje y motivos de la saga», Ágora. Estudios Clássicos em Debate 19, 77-98.
Bañuls Oller, J. V., 2017b, «La sombra del poder: Egisto», Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos 27, 65-82.
Bonandini, A., 2019, «Tieste e Atreo prima di Seneca» en: L. Austa (ed.), Alla ricerca del mito perduto. Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Studi Classici (Università degli Studi di Siena, 8-9 ottobre 2018, Siena, 2019, Quaderni del ramo d’oro online 12, 129-151.
Brasete, M. F., 2014, «Agamémnon na Lírica Arcaica Grega», Ágora. Studios Clássicos em Debate 16, 11-28.
Bowman, L., 1997, «Klytaimnestra’s Dream: Prophecy in Sophokles’ Elektra», Phoenix, 51.2, 131-151.
Brillante, C., 2018, «Il sogno di Clitennestra nell’ Orestea di Stesicoro e nelle Coefore di Eschilo», Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 119.2, 11-39.
Brillante, C., 2019, «Il sogno di Clitennestra nell’ Elettra di Sofocle», Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 122.2, 33-50.
Bulkeley, K., 2001, «Penelope as Dreamer: The Perils of Interpretation», en: K. Bulkeley (ed.), Dreams: Reader on Religious, Cultural and Psychological Dimensions of Dreaming, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 223-231,
Castellaneta, S., 2013, Il seno svelato ad misericordiam. Esegesi e fortuna di un’immagine omerica, Bari: Cacucci.
Catenaccio, C., 2011, «Dream as Image and Action in Aeschylus’ Oresteia», Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 51, 202-231.
Chesi, G. M., 2011, «Reading Aeschylean Images: Matricide and the Blood in Maternal Milk in Clytemnestra’s Dream», Logeion 1, 31-40.
Chesi, G. M., 2014, The Play of Words. Blood, Ties and Powe Relations in Aeschylus’ Oresteia, Berlin: De Gruyter.
Colantone, R., 2012, Il sogno nella poesia greca, Roma: Edizioni Studium.
D’Agostino, E., 2008, «Ho visto un sogno: Io assente ed es-terno in Omero», Quaderns d’Italià 13, 11-28.
D’Alfonso, F., 2018, «Il μασχαλισμός di Agamennone e l’ “Oath-Sacrifice”», Journal of Hellenistic Religion 11, 1-31.
Damet, A., 2011, “Le sein et le couteau. L’ambiguïté de l’amour maternel dans l’Athènes classique”, Clio. Histoire, femmes et sociétés 34.2, 17-40.
Davies, M., & P. J. Finglass, 2014, Stesichorus: The Poems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Degiovanni, L., 2015, «La norte di Agamennone dal ciclo epico al teatro romano: tradizioni letterarie e iconografiche», Aevum Antiquum 15, 57-87.
Devereux, G., 1976, Dreams in Greek Tragedy. An Ethno-Psycho-Analytical Study, Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Di Serio, C., 2020, «Il sogno di Atossa», en: A. Narro y M.S. Sáez (eds.), Somnis, insomnis i entresons a les literatures antigues i la seua recepció, Reus: Rhemata, 19-27.
Doroszewska, J., & J. Kucharski, 2018, «A Ritual for the Afterlife or the Afterlife of a Ritual: Maschalismos in the Ancient Greece and Beyond», en: J. Harrison, Imagining the Afterlife in the Ancient World, New York: Routledge, 155-172.
Dunn, M., 2018, «The Mutilation of Agamemnon (A. Ch. 439 and S. El. 445)», Mnemosyne 71, 195-208.
Finglass, P. J., 2018, «Stesichorus and Greek Tragedy», en: R. Andújar, T. Coward, T. A. Hadjimichael (eds.), Paths of Songs. The Lyric Dimension of Greek Tragedy, Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter, 19-37.
Gil, L., 2002, Oneírata: esbozo de oniro-tipología cultural grecorromana, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Gil de Carvalho, S. D., 2017, Stesichorean Journeys. Myth, Performance, and Poetics, Universidade de Coimbra (Tesis Doctoral).
Guidorizzi, G., 2013, Il compagno dell’anima. I greci e il sogno, Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Hernán-Pérez Guijarro, M. P., 2009, «Darío, Clitemnestra y Polidoro, personajes fantasma de la tragedia griega con algo que decir», Fortunatae 20, 31-47.
Kelly, A., 2015, «Stesichorus’ Homer», en: P. J. Finglass, A. Kelly (eds.), Stesichorus in Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 21-44.
Kessels, A. H. M., 1978, Studies on Dream in Greek Literature, Utrech: HES Publishers.
Kotwick, M. E., 2020, «Allegorical Interpretation in Homer: Penelope’s Dream and Early Greek Allegoresis», American Journal of Philology 141, 1-26.
Van Lieshout, R. G. A., 1980, Greek on Dreams, Utrecht: HES Publishers.
Lipka, M., 2022, Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism. Textual Genres and ‘Reality’ from Homer to Heliodorus, Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter.
Montanari, F., 2018, «Mito e poesia: la figura di Clitennestra dall’Odissea a Eschilo, en: S. Bigliazzi, F. Lupi, G. Ugolini (eds.), Συναγωνίζεσθαι: Studies in Honour of Guido Avezzù, Verona: Skenè, 147-165.
Navarro Noguera, A., 2017, «Las motivaciones del mayor de los atridas», Ágora. Estudios Clássicos em Debate 19, 39-64.
Noegel, S. B., 2002, «Dreaming and the Ideology of Mantics: Homer and Ancient Near Eastern Oneiromancy», en: A. Panaino, G. Pettinato (eds.), Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena: Proceedings of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Chicago, October 27-31, 2000, Milano: Università di Bologna, 143-157.
Ogden, D., 2013, Drakon. Dragon, Myth and Serpent Cult in Greek and Roman Worlds, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O‘Neill, K., 1998, «Aeschylus, Homer and the Serpent at the Breast», Phoenix 52.3/4, 216-229.
Pelling, C., 1996, «The Urine and the Vine: Astyages’ Dreams at Herodotus 1.107-8», Classical Quarterly 46.1, 68-77.
Pucci, L., 2015, «Osservazioni critico-esegetiche su alcuni frammenti dell’Orestea di Stesicoro (frr. 210, 211, 212 Davies/ 172, 173, 174 Davies-Finglass)», Seminari Romani di Cultura Greca 4, 15-40.
Pucci, L., 2019a, «Sogni, serpenti e genealogie nell’Orestea di Stesicoro (fr. 180 Finglass = 219 Davies)», Sileno 45, 163-204.
Pucci, L., 2019b, «Personaggi dimenticati della saga atridica. Riflessioni (sparse e frammentarie) sul Plistene di Euripide», I Quaderni del Ramo d’Oro on-line 11, 105-128.
Rozokoki, A., 2001, «Penelope’s Dream in Book 19 of the Odyssey», Classical Quarterly 51.1, 1-6.
Ruiu, M. L., 2020, (Tesis Doctoral), Los sueños en Sófocles y Eurípides / Il sogno in Sofocle ed Euripide, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – Università degli Studi di Trento.
Sancassano, M. L., 1996, «Il lessico greco del serpente. Considerazioni etimologiche», Athenaeum 81.1, 49-70.
Sánchez-Mañas, C., «Reyes que sueñan con reyes: Astiages y Ciro en las Historias de Heródoto», en: A. Narro, M.S. Sáez (eds.), Somnis, insomnis i entresons a les literatures antigues i la seua recepció, Reus: Rhemata, 169-185.
Stripeikis, C., (2018), «El sueño de los gansos y las puertas de cuerno y marfil como recursos narrativos para mantener la tensión narrativa en el reencuentro de Odiseo y Penélope (Od. 19. 535-583)», Estudios Clásicos 153, 33-48.
Swift, L., 2015, «Stesichorus on Stage», en: P. J. Finglass, A. Kelly (eds.), Stesichorus in Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 125-144.
Section
Transformaciones de los mitos griegos
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