About the Celtiberian word kortika / gortika
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The word kortika / gortica appears in six documents written in the Celtiberian language, five tesserae hospitales and the Luzaga bronze, which is also a hospitality document. Early on, kortika / gortika was linked to the root *gʰer- ‘to seize, grab, enclose’, found in Latin hortus ‘garden’, Oscan húrz, etc., Old Irish gort ‘field’, Middle Welsh garth ‘field, pen’, Old Breton gorth ‘pen’, Greek χόρτος ‘enclosed place’, and Gothic gards ‘house (as fenced property)’. In 1997, J. Untermann proposed that gortika, meaning ‘publica’ (in Latin), was an adjective derived from a theoretical noun *gorta ‘city, community’. This word has recently been identified in a new Celtiberian tessera published in 2021. In this study, the author revisits the etymology and the morphological structure of GORTA and gortika. From an etymological perspective, he argues that their original meaning is closer to the Latin adjectives ciuica or ciuilis. Additionally, he examines the morphology and etymology of other words found in Celtiberian documents, including gortono- (gortono, gortonei), korzonei, kortonikum and CORDONO. In his view, the first two are indeed related to GORTA and gortika, he expresses doubt about the connection with kortonikum, and he is almost certain that CORDONO does not belong to this lexical family.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Antin, P., 1959, «Gurdonicus (Sulp. Sev. Dial. I, 27, 2)», RÉL 37, 111-112.
Asensio, J. Á., 1995, La ciudad en el mundo prerromano en Aragón, Zaragoza.
Babut, E. Ch., 1910, «Gorthonicus et le celtique en Gaule au début du Ve siècle», RH 104, 287-292.
Belasko, M., 1999, Diccionario etimológico de los nombres de los pueblos, villas y ciudades de Navarra, Pamplona.
Beltrán, F., J. De Hoz & J. Untermann, 1996, El tercer bronce de Botorrita (Contrebia Belaisca), Zaragoza.
Beltrán, F., F. Marco & C. Jordán, 2005, «Novedades epigráficas en Peñalaba de Villastar (Teruel)», PalHisp 5, 911-956.
Bethmann, L., & G. Waitz, 1878, Pauli Historia Langobardorum. In uso scholarum ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicis recusa, Hannover.
Bitti, M. C., 1984, «Virgilio e le città della Sabina», en: R. Uglione (ed.), Atti del Convegno Nazionale di Studio su Virgilio, Torino 1-2 maggio 1982, 155-164, Torino.
Blom, A. H., 2009, «Lingua gallica, lingua celtica: Gaulish, Gallo-Latin, or Gallo-Romance?», KF 4, 7-54.
Codoñer, C., 1987, Sulpicio Severo. Obras completas, Madrid.
De Bernardo-Stempel, P., 1999, Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen, Tübingen.
De Bernardo-Stempel, P., 2000, «Celtib. karvo gortika ‘amicitia favor’, rita ‘ofrenda’, monima ‘recuerdo’ y los formularios de las inscripción celtibéricas», Veleia, 17, 183-189.
Delamarre, X., 2003, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Paris.
Delamarre, X., 2007, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l’epigraphie classique, Paris.
Delamarre, X., 2012, Noms de lieux celtiques de l’Europe Ancienne (-500 / +500). Dictionnaire, Arles.
DÉLG = Chantraine, P., 1968-1980, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque; histoire des mots, 2 Vols., Paris.
DÉLL = Ernout, A. & A. Meillet, 1968, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine, Paris (reimpresión de 19854).
DEV = Agud, M. & A. Tovar, 1989-1995, Diccionario etimológico vasco, I-VII, San Sebastián.
DRAE = Real Academia Española, Diccionario de la lengua española. Edición del Tricentenario. Actualización 2023 [https://dle.rae.es].
EDG = Beekes, R., 2010, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, 2 Vols., Leiden - Boston.
EDLIL = De Vaan, M., 2008, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden - Boston.
Evans, D. E., 1966, «‘Gurdonicus’ Sulp. Sev. Dial. I.27.2», SC 1, 27-31.
Evans, D. E., 1967, Gaulish Personal Names, A Study of some Continental Celtic Formations, Oxford.
Fabretti, A., 1867, Corpus inscriptionum italicarum antiquioris aevi ordine geographico digestum et Glossarium italicum in quo omnia vocabula continentur ex umbricis, sabinis, ex Officina regia, Aug. Taurinorum.
Fordyce, C. J., 1977, P. Vergili Maronis. Aeneidos libri VII-VIII, Oxford University Press.
García Ramón, J. L., 2016, «Les substantifs du type νόστος, φόρτος, χόρτος en grec et leur prehistoire», en: A. Blanc, D. Petit (dir.), Nouveaux acquis sur la formation des noms en grec ancien, Louvain-la-Neuve - Paris, 203-224.
GEW = Frisk, H., 1973-1991, Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3 Vols, Heidelberg.
Gorrochategui, J., 2013, «TOVTIVS TREBAQVE: Instituciones políti¬cas peregrinas Arévacas», en: E. Ortiz de Urbina (ed.), Magistrados locales de Hispania. Aspectos jurídicos, históricos, lingüísticos, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2013, 159 169.
Gorrochategui, J., 2011, «Interferencias lingüísticas en el material hispano-celta», en: Luján, E. y García Alonso, J. L. (eds.), A greek man in the iberian street. Papers in linguistics and epigraphy in honour of Javier de Hoz, Innsbruck, 201 216.
Grosjean, P., 1954, «Gurdonicus, gort(h)onicus, un terme à rayer des dictionnaires gaulois et latins», Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi (Bull. du Cange) 24, 117-126.
Hadas-Lebel, J., 2015, «Questions de terminologie institutionnelle sabel¬lique. ‘Nation’, ‘peuple’, ‘cité’ et ‘ville’ en osque, ombrien et sud-picénien», BSL 110, 1, 237 288.
Holder, A., 1961-1962, Alt-Celtischer Sprachschatz 3 Vols., Graz.
Holmes, T. R., 1911, Caesar’s Conquest of Gaul, Oxford.
Horsfall, N., 2000, Virgil, Aeneid 7. A Commentary, Leiden - Boston - Köln.
Horsfall, N., 2020, Fifty Years at the Sibyl’s Heels. Selected Papers on Virgil and Rome, Oxford.
Hübner, E., 1893, Monumenta Linguae Ibericae, Berlin.
IEW = Pokorny, J., 1948-1959, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Bern.
Irslinger, B. S., 2002, Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixe im Altirischen, Heidelberg.
Jordán Cólera, C., 2019, Lengua y epigrafía celtibéricas, Zaragoza.
Jordán Cólera, C., 2022, «Toutius Trebaque o Toutiu Trebaque? A propósito de una nueva dignidad o magistratura celtibérica», ÉC 48, 9-28.
Krausz, S., 2015, «En 52 av. J.-C., les bituriges face à César: l’énigme de Noviodunum et de Gorgobina», ÉC 41, 7-30.
Krebs, Ch. B., 2023, Caesar. Bellum Gallicum. Book VII, Cambridge University Press.
Leumann, M., 1977, Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, Vol. I, München.
LEW = Walde, A. & J. B. Hofmann, 1938-19563, Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3 Vols., Heidelberg.
LIV = Rix, H. (coord.), 2001, Lexicon der indogermanischen verben, Wiesbaden.
Martínez-Chico, D., & B. Mª Prósper, 2021, «A new Celtiberian tessera in the Latin alphabet from Virovesca (Briviesca, Burgos) and the typology of tesserae hospitales», ZCPh 86, 1, 167-196.
Meid, W., 1994, Celtiberian Inscriptions, Budapest.
Meid, W., 2005, Keltische Personennamen in Panonien, Budapest.
Michelena, L., 1974, «El elemento latino-románico en la lengua vasca», FLV 17, 183-209.
Michelena, L., 1990, Fonética histórica vasca, San Sebastián.
Michelena, L., 20115, Apellidos vascos, San Sebastián.
Neumann, G., 1987, «Die germanischen Matronenbeinamen», en: G. Bauchhenß, G. Neumann, (eds), Matronen und verwandte Gottheiten: Ergebmisse eines Kolloquiums veranstaltet von der Göttinger Akademiekommission für die Altertumskunde Mittel- und Nordeuropas, Beihefte Bonner Jahrbücher 44, Köln,103-132.
OEH = Michelena, L., 1987, Diccionario general vasco = Orotariko euskal hiztegia, Bilbao (https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_oehberria&task=sarreraIkusi&Itemid=413&lang=&id=173859).
Olsen, B. A., 2010, Derivation and composition. Two studies in Indo-european word formation, Innsbruck.
Pastor, J. M.ª, 2010, «Presencia de mozarabismos en el castellano hablado hoy en La Rioja», Kalakorikos 15, 489-525.
Prósper, B. M.ª, 2014, «Time for Celtiberian dialectology: Celtiberian syllabic structure and the bronze tablet from Torrijo del Campo (Teruel)», KF 6, 115-155.
Schmidt, K. H., 1957, Die Komposition in gallischen Personennamen, Tübingen.
Smith, W., 1854-1857, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, 2 Vols., London (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064).
Soyer, J., 1904, «Étude critique sur le nom et l’emplacement de deux oppida celtiques mentionnés par César dans les Commentarii de Bello Gallico», Mémoire lu au congrès des Sociétés savantes à la Sorbonne le 7 avril 1904, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires du Centre, XXVIII, 1-20.
Stüber, K., 1998, The historical morphology of n-stems in Celtic, Maynooth.
TLE = Benelli, E., 2009, Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae. I. Indice Lessicale, Pisa - Roma.
Tovar, A., 1946, «Las inscripciones ibéricas y la lengua de los celtíberos”, BRAE, 25, 7-38.
Untermann, J., 1997, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. Band IV. Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften, Wiesbaden.
Vallejo, J. M.ª, 2005, Antroponimia indígena de la Lusitania romana, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
Vendryes, J., 1910, «Chronique», Revue Celtique 31, 527-533.
Vine, B., 2004, «On PIE Full Grades in Some Zero-Grade Contexts: *-ti-, *-tó-», en: J. Clakson, B. A. Olsen (eds.), Indo-European Word Formation. Proceedings of the Conference held at the University of Copenhagen. October 20th - 22nd 2000, Copenhagen, 357-379.
Weiss, M., 2009, Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor - New York.
Winkler, G. & R. König, 2002, C. Plinius Secundus d. Ä., Naturkunde. Bücher III/IV, Zürich.
WOU = Untermann, J., 2000, Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen, Heidelberg.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the electronic edition of the OJS platform are licensed for use and distribution under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND) license.
The journal does not charge any financial compensation to authors for publishing in it and provides full access to the archives without any kind of embargo from the day of electronic publication. This respects the national open access policy.
All originals published in the journal Veleia, whether in print or digital format, are the property of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). © UPV/EHU
Authors of articles (whether research articles, news articles, news items or reviews) will be able to access their own work on the Journal's website. Authors will be able to put them in their personal repositories and will also have the possibility of pre-print dissemination of articles accepted for publication.