Matrize dezelularizatuak eta zelula amak ehun ingeniaritzan : Stem cells and decellularized matrices in tissue engineering

Abstract

Decellularized Extracellular matrices and stem cells have aroused great interest in tissue engineering in recent years because of their potential use for tissue and organ regeneration. The purpose of this review is, on the one hand, to give a global perspective on this topic, and, on the other hand, to examine the applications which have been implemented in human patientss. There are different techniques for decellularizing  tissues or organs, to generate different scaffolds of decellularized extracellular matrices: physical, chemical, biological, combinations of techniques and new techniques that have been developed in recent years. These decellularized matrices preserve the components and structure of the original tissues, which are necessary for the correct interaction of the seeded cells with extracellular signals involved in tissue development and regeneration. After decellularization, these matrices can be recellularized, either with somatic cells or with stem cells, to acquire specific characteristics of the tissue or organ of interest. In the field of tissue engineering, important advances have been made in recent years, and various types of scaffolding of decellularized extracellular matrices have been developed from different tissues, such as skin tissue, bone tissue, nervous tissue or heart tissue. In addition, the decellularization and recellularization of whole organspreserving the architecture and elements of the original organ has also been achieved. Although human applications are still limited, this is a resarch field that can open many doors for the future.