Gizarte-laguntzako profilak LGB gazteetan: osasun mentalean duten eragin diferentziala Gizarte-laguntza eta osasun mentala LGB gazteetan
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Argitaratua
2026-03-25
Estibaliz Cepa-Rodríguez
Juan Etxeberria Murgiondo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-0428
Juan Etxeberria Murgiondo
Laburpena
Lesbiana, Gay eta Bisexual (LGB) diren pertsonak, heterosexualak direnen aldean, arrisku handiagoa dute biktimizazio eta psikopatologia maila altuak garatzeko. Hala ere, psikologia positiboaren paradigmatik egindako hainbat aurrerapenek erakutsi digutenez, beren hazkuntza eta garapen positiboa errazten duten zenbait faktore dituzte. Adibidez, laguntza soziala eta berari lotuta dauden iturriek LGB gazteetan osasun mentaleko emaitza positiboak sustatu ditzake. Ikerketa honetan, “K-media” kluster analisiaren bidez familia, bikote eta beste laguntza sozial esanguratsuen multzoak identifikatzen dira 16 eta 20 urte bitarteko LGBko 315 gaztek osatutako lagin batean. Zehazki, hiru profil mota: gizarte-laguntza handia (% 43.6) duten parte-hartzaileena, gizarte-laguntza txikia (% 22.5) dutenena, eta familia-laguntza falta (% 33.9) duten pertsonena. Gero, aldagai soziodemografikoetan eta osasun mentalaren aldagaietan aurkezten dituzten desberdintasunak aztertzen dira. Emaitzek alde nabarmenak erakusten dituzte maila sozioekonomikoaren (ESEren) arabera; alegia, gizarte-maila altua edo ertaina adierazi dutenek familiaren, pareen eta beste pertsona esanguratsuen laguntza handiagoa antzematen dute. Erregresio analisietan, taldeek osasun mentaleko emaitza ezberdinak erakusten dituzte: laguntza gutxi hautematen dutenek, besteak beste, bakardade, etsipen, depresio, antsietate eta somatizazio sintoma handiagoak erakusten dituzte. Aurkikuntzek iradokitzen dute LGB pertsonek jasotzen dituzten laguntza-iturrien konbinazioak euren osasunarekin erlazionatuta daudela eta emaitzak kontuan hartuta, ondorioztatu daiteke familia laguntza-baliabide garrantzitsua dela LGB gazteentzat
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Keywords
Gizarte-laguntza, LGB, Osasun mentala, Gazteak, Kluster
References
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Chang, C. J., Kellerman, J. K., Fehling, K. B., Feinstein, B. A., eta Selby, E. A. (2021). The roles of discrimination and social support in the associations between outness and mental health outcomes among sexual minorities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(5), 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000562
Clark, K. A., Dougherty, L. R., eta Pachankis, J. E. (2022). A study of parents of sexual and gender minority children: Linking parental reactions with child mental health. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 9(3), 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000456
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Dessel, A. B., Kulick, A., Wernick, L. J., eta Sullivan, D. (2017). The importance of teacher support: Differential impacts by gender and sexuality. Journal of Adolescence, 56, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.002
Dickinson, P., eta Adams, J. (2014). Resiliency and mental health and well-being among lesbian, gay and bisexual people. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 16(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2014.903621
Dragowski, E. A., eta Scharrón-del Río, M. R. (2014). The Importance of Challenging Hegemonic Masculinity in Preventing School Violence. School Psychology Forum, 8(1), 10-27.
Epstein, D. (2001). Disciplining and punishing masculinities: An introduction. Men and Masculinities, 4(2), 115-117.
Fetner, T., eta Elafros, A. (2015). The GSA difference: LGBTQ and ally experiences in high schools with and without gay-straight alliances. Social Sciences, 4(3), 563-581. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci4030563
Francis, B., etaa Skelton, C. (2001). Men teachers and the construction of heterosexual masculinity in the classroom. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 1(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810120041689
Frost, D. M., Meyer, I. H., eta Schwartz, S. (2016). Social support networks among diverse sexual minority populations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(1), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000117
García, J., Vargas, N., Clark, J. L., Magaña Álvarez, M., Nelons, D. A., eta Parker, R. G. (2020). Social isolation and connectedness as determinants of well-being: Global evidence mapping focused on LGBTQ youth. Global Public Health, 15(4), 497-519. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2019.1682028
Garrett-Walker, J. J., eta Longmire-Avital, B. (2018). Resilience and depression: The roles of racial identity, sexual identity, and social support on well-being for Black LGB emerging adults. Journal of Black Sexuality and Relationships, 4(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1353/bsr.2018.0008
Gorczynski, P., eta Fasoli, F. (2022). Loneliness in sexual minority and heterosexual individuals: a comparative meta-analysis. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 26(2), 26(2), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2021.1957742
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441
Hawthorne, O., Camic, P. M., eta Rimes, K. A. (2020). Understanding the structure, experiences and challenges of social support for older lesbian, gay and bisexual people: a systematic review. Ageing & Society, 40(2), 282-305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18000910
Hou, T., Zhang, T., Cai, W., Song, X., Chen, A., Deng, G., eta Ni, C. (2020). Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model. Plos One, 15(5), e0233831. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233831
Hickey, C., eta Mooney, A. (2018). Challenging the pervasiveness of hypermasculinity and heteronormativity in an all-boys’ school. The Australian Educational Researcher, 45, 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0249-4
Kosciw, J. G., Clark, C. M., eta Menard, L. (2022). The 2021 National School Climate Survey. The Experiences of LGBTQ+ Youth in Our Nation’s Schools. GLSEN. https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/NSCS-2021-Full-Report.pdf
Kosciw, J. G., Palmer, N. A., Kull, R. M., eta Greytak, E. A. (2013). The effect of negative school climate on academic outcomes for LGBT youth and the role of in-school supports. Journal of School Violence, 12(1), 45-63. https://doi-org.ehu.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/15388220.2012.732546
Liu, F., eta Chong, E. S. (2023). On the Link Between Parental Support and Life Satisfaction: General and LGBQ+ Specific Self-Concepts as Mediators, and Parent-Oriented Interdependent Self-Construal as a Moderator. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40(10), 3392-3413. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075231174187
López-Ángulo, Y., Perez-Villalobos, M. V., Bernardo-Gutierrez, A., Cobo-Rendon, R., Saez-Delgado, F., eta Diaz-Mujica, A. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Chilean University Students. Revista Iberoamericana De Diagnóstico y Evaluación, 1(58), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP58.11
McConnell, E. A., Birkett, M. A., eta Mustanski, B. (2015). Typologies of social support and associations with mental health outcomes among LGBT youth. LGBT Health, 2(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2014.0051
Medikuntza Institutua. (2011). The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. The National Academies Press.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mustanski, B., Andrews, R., eta Puckett, J. A. (2016). The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), 527-533. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302976
Mustanski, B., Newcomb, M. E., eta Garofalo, R. (2011). Mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A developmental resiliency perspective. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 23(2), 204-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2011.561474
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