Social crisis, national question, and urban violence. The mysterious Kale Borroka in Spain
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Jérôme Ferret
Abstract
In this article the author proposes revisiting the Kale Borroka phenomenon by presenting a new regime for understanding this street violence that emerged in the early 1990s in the Basque Country. His reasoning is broken down into a set of five hypotheses that correspond to as many general sociological problems and can serve as a comparison matrix for other forms of urban violence that currently exist, particularly in France.
How to Cite
Ferret, J. (2012). Social crisis, national question, and urban violence. The mysterious Kale Borroka in Spain. Papeles De Identidad, 2012(2). https://doi.org/10.1387/pceic.12457
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
urban violence, Basque Country, Spain, youths, activisms, social violence, national question
Section
Research Articles
The contents of Papeles de Identidad are distributed, since 2024, under the license Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
You are free to:
- copy, distribute and publicly communicate the work
Under the following conditions:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
Understanding that:
- Waiver — Some of these conditions may not apply if permission is obtained from the copyright holder.
- Public Domain — Where the work or any element of the work is in the public domain under applicable law, this is not affected by the license.
- Other rights — The following rights are not affected by the license in any way:
- Rights arising from lawful uses or other limitations recognized by law are not affected by the foregoing.
- The moral rights of the author;
- Rights that may be held by others in the work itself or its use, such as image or privacy rights.
- Notice — When reusing or distributing the work, you must make clear the terms of the license of this work.
The author may make free use of his/her article, always indicating that the text has been published in Papeles de Identidad since the University of the Basque Country retains the copyright. Any re-publication of the article must be, as well, authorized by the journal.