Civilising victims, making citizens. Mirrored identities and an unspeakable desire
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Abstract
As an archetypal subject of our current societies, the victim has emerged as a mirror image of the citizen. The relevance of victims in the contemporary world generates controversy. Some are suspicious of the ubiquity of the «victimhood paradigm» and the concomitant «punitive turn», while others praise them as agents of ‘resistance’ and «memory», emphasizing their politicization. These views, which denounce and prescribe, highlight the emotional character of the victim identity and the transformation of suffering into political action. There is a meeting point between them that is based on an unspeakable desire: the aspiration for victims to become citizens, as part of a particular evolutionary succession. The path towards politics would leave emotions behind and bring them closer to civilizational rationality; politicization would go beyond the path of feelings as a mode of public expression. Drawing on empirical research, I propose here that far from being an emotional fuel, the forms that suffering assumes are, from the victims’ point of view, conflictive; I also explore the way in which they represent the politicization of their demands, no longer as an inevitable and desirable issue but, instead, as a contaminating danger to be avoided.
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identity, victims, punitivism, resistance, memory
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