Word-final plosives: Consonant clashes
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Published
04-03-2021
José Ignacio Hualde
Ander Beristain
Ane Icardo Isasa
Jennifer Zhang
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-2995
Ander Beristain
Ane Icardo Isasa
Jennifer Zhang
Abstract
In Basque word-final stop consonants have very low lexical frequency, but very high token frequency in discourse, since final /-t/ and /-k/ appear in very common suffixes. Here we undertake an acoustic investigation of the phonetic realization of word-final stops, with a focus on consonant clusters that arise across word boundaries. Our analysis is based on a corpus of conversational speech. Measurements of relative intensity show that such clusters are usually greatly reduced. A more detailed spectrographic analysis confirms a tendency for /-k/ and /-t/ to be deleted or reduced to approximants preconsonantally. On the other hand, the devoicing phenomena reported in the dialectological literature (e.g. /k#b/ --> [p]) appear to be infrequent.
How to Cite
Hualde, José Ignacio, Ander Beristain, Ane Icardo Isasa, and Jennifer Zhang. 2021. “Word-Final Plosives: Consonant Clashes”. Anuario Del Seminario De Filología Vasca "Julio De Urquijo" 53 (1/2):83-106. https://doi.org/10.1387/asju.22412.
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References
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Egurtzegi, Ander & Carignan, Christopher. 2020. An acoustic description of Mixean Basque. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147(4). 2791-2802. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000996.
Ellis, Lucy & William J. Hardcastle. 2002. Categorical and gradient properties of assimilation in alveolar to velar sequences: evidence from EPG and EMA data. Journal of Phonetics 30(4). 373-396.
Ennever, Thomas, Felicity Meakins & Erich R. Round. 2017. A replicable acoustic measure of lenition and the nature of variability in Gurindji stops. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology 8(1). 1-32. http://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.18.
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Mugarza, Pello. 2006. Mallabiko euskara. Bilbo: Mallabiko Udala, Eusko Jaurlaritza & Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia.
Nadeu, Marianna & Jose Ignacio Hualde. 2015. Biomechanically conditioned variation at the origin of diachronic intervocalic voicing. Language and Speech 58(3). 351-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830914554727.
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RStudio Team. 2016. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA. https://www.rstudio.com.
Reguero Ugarte, Urtzi. 2017. Goi nafarrera arkaiko eta zaharra: azterketa eta testuak. Gasteiz: UPV/EHUko doktorego tesia.
Salaburu, Pello. 1984. Hizkuntzaren soinu-egitura. Hizkuntz teoria eta Baztango euskalkia: Fonetika eta fonologia (I). Bilbo: UPV/EHU.
Salaburu, Pello & Maite Lakar. 2005. Baztango mintzoa: gramatika eta hiztegia. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia & Nafarroako Gobernua.
Torreira, Francisco & Mirjam Ernestus. 2011. Realization of voiceless stops and vowels in conversational French and Spanish. Laboratory Phonology 2(2). 331-353. https://doi.org/10.1515/labphon.2011.012.
Carignan, Christopher, Ryan K. Shosted, Maojing Fu, Zhi-Pei Liang & Bradley P. Sutton. 2015. A real-time MRI investigation of the role of lingual and pharyngeal articulation in the production of the nasal vowel system of French. Journal of Phonetics 50. 34-51.
Eager, Christopher D. 2017. Contrast preservation and constraints on individual phonetic variation. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Doktorego tesia.
Egurtzegi, Ander & Carignan, Christopher. 2020. An acoustic description of Mixean Basque. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147(4). 2791-2802. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000996.
Ellis, Lucy & William J. Hardcastle. 2002. Categorical and gradient properties of assimilation in alveolar to velar sequences: evidence from EPG and EMA data. Journal of Phonetics 30(4). 373-396.
Ennever, Thomas, Felicity Meakins & Erich R. Round. 2017. A replicable acoustic measure of lenition and the nature of variability in Gurindji stops. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology 8(1). 1-32. http://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.18.
Epelde, Irantzu. 2003. Larresoroko euskara. Gasteiz: UPV/EHUko doktorego tesia.
Erdozia, Jose Luis. 2001. Sakana erdialdeko euskara. Iruñea: Nafarroako Gobernua.
Estornes Lasa, Jose. 1968. Erronkari’ko uskara. Donostia: Aunamendi.
Etxebarria Ayesta, Juan Manuel. 1991. Zeberio haraneko euskararen azterketa etno-linguistikoa. Euba: Ibaizabal.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio. 2003. Segmental phonology. In Jose Ignacio Hualde & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (arg.), A grammar of Basque, 15-65. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio. 2019. Fonologo baten galderak espektrogramaren aurrean. In Irantzu Epelde Zendoia & Oroitz Jauregi Nazabal (arg.), Bihotz ahots: M.L. Onederra irakaslearen omenez, 337-351. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio & Ander Beristain. 2017. Azpeitiko azentuaren gauzatze fonetikoaz. Fontes Linguae Vasconum 123. 65-85.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio & Ander Beristain. 2018. Acoustic correlates of word-accent in Basque. In Proc. TAL2018, Sixth International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, 98-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/TAL.2018-20.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio, Ander Beristain, Ane Icardo Isasa & Jennifer Zhang. 2019. Lenition of word-final plosives in Basque. In Sasha Calhoun, Paola Escudero, Marija Tabain & Paul Warren (arg.), Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia 2019, 642-646. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio & Xabier Bilbao. 1992. A phonological study of the Basque dialect of Getxo (ASJUren Gehigarriak 29). Donostia: Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio, Gorka Elordieta & Arantzazu Elordieta. 1994. The Basque dialect of Lekeitio (ASJUren Gehigarriak 34). Bilbo & Donostia: UPV/EHU & Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio, Oihana Lujanbio & Juan Joxe Zubiri. 2010. Goizueta Basque. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40(1). 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100309990260.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio, Miquel Simonet & Marianna Nadeu. 2011. Consonant lenition and phonological recategorization. Laboratory Phonology 2(2). 301-329. https://doi.org/10.1515/labphon.2011.011.
Kuznetsova Alexandra, Per B. Brockhoff & Rune H. B. Christensen. 2017. lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. Journal of Statistical Software 82(13). 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13.
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio. 2013. Caracterización acústica de las espirantes aproximantes del español. Revista de Fonética Experimental 22. 11-35.
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio & Xose Luis Regueira. 2008. Spirant approximants in Galician. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38. 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100308003265.
Mitxelena, Luis. 1977. Fonética histórica vasca, 2. argit. (ASJUren Gehigarriak 4). Donostia: Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia.
Montoya, Estibalitz. 2004. Urdazubi eta Zugarramurdiko euskara. Iruñea: Nafarroako Gobernua.
Mugarza, Pello. 2006. Mallabiko euskara. Bilbo: Mallabiko Udala, Eusko Jaurlaritza & Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia.
Nadeu, Marianna & Jose Ignacio Hualde. 2015. Biomechanically conditioned variation at the origin of diachronic intervocalic voicing. Language and Speech 58(3). 351-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830914554727.
R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Viena: R. Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org (2020/11/25).
RStudio Team. 2016. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA. https://www.rstudio.com.
Reguero Ugarte, Urtzi. 2017. Goi nafarrera arkaiko eta zaharra: azterketa eta testuak. Gasteiz: UPV/EHUko doktorego tesia.
Salaburu, Pello. 1984. Hizkuntzaren soinu-egitura. Hizkuntz teoria eta Baztango euskalkia: Fonetika eta fonologia (I). Bilbo: UPV/EHU.
Salaburu, Pello & Maite Lakar. 2005. Baztango mintzoa: gramatika eta hiztegia. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia & Nafarroako Gobernua.
Torreira, Francisco & Mirjam Ernestus. 2011. Realization of voiceless stops and vowels in conversational French and Spanish. Laboratory Phonology 2(2). 331-353. https://doi.org/10.1515/labphon.2011.012.
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