A critique of contemporary artificial intelligence art Who is 'Edmond de Belamy'?
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Argitaratua
2020-06-30
Mikel Arbiza Goenaga
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0773-8575
Laburpena
«Edmond de Belamy» is a 2018 painting made by French collective Obvious, created using a type of artificial intelligence algorithms called Generative Adversarial Networks, which was sold at Christie's auction house in New York for $432,500. This historic event —the so—called auction of the 'first artwork made by an AI' raises 3 interesting questions about authorship, originality, and the arts as a space for scientific inquiry. While some think that the current deployment of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques that we are seeing in the art world today may be seen as the ultimate Gesamtkunstwerk` or total artwork, other points of view express that not only we need this type of cultural artifacts as a critique of industrialized use of artificial intelligence, but also a strict criteria has to be delimited in order to review contemporary art made with machine learning techniques.
Nola aipatu
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2020. «A Critique of Contemporary Artificial Intelligence Art: Who Is ’Edmond De Belamy’?». AusArt 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1387/ausart.21490.
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Morris, Andrea. 2018. «We need to talk about sentient robots». Forbes.com, 13 mar. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(18)30024-2
Moss, Richard. 2015. «Creative AI: The robots that would be painters». Newatlas.com, 16 feb. https://shre.ink/eheF
Offert, Fabian. 2019. «The past, present, and future of AI art». Skynet Today, 2 jun. https://lc.cx/hkp_8i
Packer, Randall. 2013. «The real history of multimedia». Inside/Out, 23 sept. https://lc.cx/KdfkMM
Pearson, Jordan. 2014. «Forget Turing, the Lovelace test has a better shot at spotting AI». Vice.com, 8 jul. https://lc.cx/50wcoZ
Reichardt, Jasia. 1987. «Machines and art». Leonardo 20(4): 367-372. https://doi.org/10.2307/1578534
Smith, Glenn W. & Frederic Fol Leymarie. 2017. «The machine as artist: An introductio». Arts 6(2): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts6020005
Sukis, Jennifer. 2018. «The relationship between art and AI». Medium.com, 16 may. https://goo.su/7o24u
Vicent, James. 2018. «How three french students used borrowed code to put the first ai portrait in Christie's». Theverge.com, 23 oct. https://goo.su/UOAdMM6
Akten, Memo. 2018. «Machine learning art: An interview with Memo Akten». Renée Zachariou. Artnome.com, 16 dec. https://goo.su/B1mzC
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018a. «Evolution by design». MikelArbiza.net, 31 jul. https://goo.su/YNSNU76
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018b. «Le Witt's immortal paintings». MikelArbiza.net, 18 june. https://goo.su/EUNShH
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018c. «Machine learning art as scientific research». MikelArbiza.net (blog), 12 nov. https://goo.su/CEwNtK
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018d. «Robotic citizenship is coming!». MikelArbiza.net, 26 oct. https://shre.ink/ehe1
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018e. «The machine will have the idea…». MikelArbiza.net, 18 jun. https://shre.ink/eheU
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018f. «The true poet is creative». MikelArbiza.net, 19 feb. https://shre.ink/ehe9
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018g. «What is blockchain». MikelArbiza.net, 4 april. https://shre.ink/ehel
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2018h. «Who is Edmond de Bellamy?». MikelArbiza.net, 12 nov. https://shre.ink/ehe2
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2019a. «Artificial Intelligence: a revolution in the art world». MikelArbiza.net, 7 may. https://shre.ink/ehek
Arbiza Goenaga, Mikel. 2019b. «Computational aesthetics: The beholder needs eyes?». MikelArbiza.net, 20 may. https://shre.ink/eheW
Benjamin, Walter. (1935) 2008. The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. Translated by J.A. Underwood. London: Penguin
Bhatia, Richa. 2018. «Neural networks do not work like human brains: Let's debunk the myth». Analytics India Magazine, 10 jan. https://shre.ink/eheI
Bilal, Afaan. 2018. «Artificial neural networks and deep learning». Becoming Human, 31 jan. https://shre.ink/ehe8
Billitz, Nicole. 2014. «Lovelace 2.0 tests creativity». Versus.com, 24 nov. https://shre.ink/eheD
Boden, Margaret. 2012. «Creativity & AI: Asking the right questions; Interview at Oxford University». By Adam Ford. YouTube video, 26:52, 16 jan. https://youtu.be/5dEXIOiAsaw
Broeckmann, Andreas. 2016. Machine art in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge MA: MIT. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035064.001.0001
Buckner, Cameron & James Garson. 2019. «Connectionism». The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 18 may. https://shre.ink/eheg/
Çaparlar, Ceyda Özhan & Aslı Dönmez. 2016. «What is scientific research and how can it be done?». Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology & Reanimation 44(4): 212-218. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJAR.2016.34711
Christie's. 2018. «Is artificial intelligence set to become art's next medium?». Christies.com, 12 dec. https://shre.ink/eheb
Cohn, Gabe. 2018. «Up for bid, ai art signed 'algorithm'». The New York Times, 22 oct. https://shre.ink/eheM
Danto, Arthur C. 1998. «The end of art: A philosophical defensa». History and Theory 37(4): 127-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/0018-2656.721998072
Elgammal, Ahmed, Bingchen Liu, Mohamed Elhoseiny& Marian Mazzone. 2017. «CAN: Creative Adversarial Networks, generating 'art' by learning about styles and deviating from style norms». ArXiv.org, 21 jun. https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.07068
Elgammal, Ahmed. 2017. «Generating 'art' by Learning about styles and deviating from style norms». Medium.com, 26 jun. https://shre.ink/ehee
Elgammal, Ahmed. 2018. «Meet AICAN, a machine that operates as an autonomous artista». The Conversation, 17 oct. https://shre.ink/ehex
Gayford, Martin. 2016. «Robot art raises questions about human creativity». MIT Technology Review, 15 feb. https://shre.ink/ehet
Giles, Martin. 2018. «The GANfather: The man who's given machines the gift of imagination». MIT Technology Review, 21 feb. https://shre.ink/eheS
Goodfellow, Ian J. et al. 2014. «Generative adversarial networks». ArXiv.org, 10 jun. https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661
Hui, Jonathan. 2018. «GAN: What is generative adversarial networks GAN?». Medium.com, Jun. 19. https://shre.ink/eheo
Invaluable. 2019. «How artificial intelligence is changing the face of art». Invaluable.com, 29 jan. https://www.invaluable.com/blog/ai-art/
Jordan, Ken. 1998. «Defining multimedia». IEEE Multimedia 5: 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1109/93.664737
Knight, Will. 2017. «5 Big predictions for artificial intelligence in 2017». MIT Technology Review, 4 jan. https://shre.ink/eheq
Kogan, Gene. 2018. «The neural aesthetic @ ITP-NYU: Lecture 11, Autonomous artificial artists». YouTube video, 2:43:06, 4 dec. https://shre.ink/eheL
Krome, Sven. 2018. «Decentralized Autonomous Art: Art in the blockchain foreshadows our future». Here 360, 28 aug. https://shre.ink/ehe3
Lazic, Sanja. 2017. «Is authorship in art a victim of appropriation?». Widewalls Modern & Contemporary Art Resource, 24 july. https://shre.ink/eheG
Locke, Nancy. 2015. «How photography evolved from science to art». The Conversation, 11 mar. https://shre.ink/eheu
López de Mántaras Badía, Ramón. 2016. «Artificial Intelligence and the arts: Toward computational creativity». In The next step: Exponential life, Jay David Bolter et al.; publishing coordination, Nuria Martínez Deaño; translation, Wade Matthews. Madrid: BBVA
Monoskop. 2020. «Neural aesthetics: A resource on recent work between art / design and artificial neural networks in machine learning». Monoskop.org, 14 may. https://shre.ink/ehev
Morris, Andrea. 2018. «We need to talk about sentient robots». Forbes.com, 13 mar. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(18)30024-2
Moss, Richard. 2015. «Creative AI: The robots that would be painters». Newatlas.com, 16 feb. https://shre.ink/eheF
Offert, Fabian. 2019. «The past, present, and future of AI art». Skynet Today, 2 jun. https://lc.cx/hkp_8i
Packer, Randall. 2013. «The real history of multimedia». Inside/Out, 23 sept. https://lc.cx/KdfkMM
Pearson, Jordan. 2014. «Forget Turing, the Lovelace test has a better shot at spotting AI». Vice.com, 8 jul. https://lc.cx/50wcoZ
Reichardt, Jasia. 1987. «Machines and art». Leonardo 20(4): 367-372. https://doi.org/10.2307/1578534
Smith, Glenn W. & Frederic Fol Leymarie. 2017. «The machine as artist: An introductio». Arts 6(2): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts6020005
Sukis, Jennifer. 2018. «The relationship between art and AI». Medium.com, 16 may. https://goo.su/7o24u
Vicent, James. 2018. «How three french students used borrowed code to put the first ai portrait in Christie's». Theverge.com, 23 oct. https://goo.su/UOAdMM6
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